Study and

thinking skills

1.Library Comes from the greek word

Librarium.

A house of books in the school (a place for custody)

KINDS OF READING MATERIALS

*Fiction

*Non-Fiction*General References

-All stories your reading are fantacy mode by people. (ex. Drama, Nobels, True story, etc. )-Books of information that are REAL.-A largest parts of materials in library (ex. Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Almanac, Indexes, Atlast, Yearbook)

*Periodicals

*Special Reference's Materials

-Magazines, Journal, Newspaper

-Also known as Non-book materials

“Two arrangement of books in the library”

D.D.C. (Dewey Decimal Classification) =In school (small)L.L.C. (Library of Congress Classification) =In the town, bog, subgroup, and subdivision

The group of library

000-099= General words

100-199= Philosophy

200-299= Religion

300-399= Social Science

400-499= Language

-(Encyclopedia, Almanac, Dictionary)-(Human, Theory, About people etc.)-(Bible, Coral, Our daily bread etc.)-(Psychology, Law, Polities, sociology etc.)-(English)

500-599= Pure Science

600-699= Applied Science

700-799= Arts & Recreation800-899= Literature

900-999= Geography & History

-(Chemistry, Biology, Technology, Botany, Zoology etc.)-(Agriculture, Crops, Animals, Soil, Plants)-(Music, Paintings, Dance, Drawings)-(Essay, Fiction, Stories, Fantacies etc.)-(Magimbento ng papel etc.)

Card Catalog - Contains of information in library. - To locate the book easily. - Specific information about the book.

4 types of card catalog

1. Tittle Card

2. Author Card

3. Subject Card

4. Cross Reference or See also card

-Tittle of the book

-Name of the author

-Subject of the book

“Section of Library”

1. The Circulation Section

2. Reserved Section

3. Reference Section

4. Periodical Section

-Contains general collection, action, non-fiction can be borrow.-Baggage Counter, reserve section limited.-Books containing specific FACTS.-Very timely

5. Audio Visual Room (AVR)

6. Material Center

7. Multi Media Center

- Visualizing and listening music

- Non-book materials

- Include modern technology

“Research Section”

Encyclopedia- A book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subjects and typically arranged alphabetically.Dictionary- A book or electronic resource that lists the words of a language (typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning.Biographical Dictionary- Is information about a person’s life or details about the life of a person.

Yearbook- an annual publication giving current information and listing event or aspects of the previously year, especially in a particular field.Atlas- Is a book of MAPS or some type of information that includes pictures and/or tables & charts.Almanac- An annual calendar containing important dates & statistical information such as astronomical data & tides tables.Gazetteer- A geographical index or dictionary

Indexes- An alphabetical lists of names, subjects, etc. w/ references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book.Bibliography- Is the history or systematic description of books, their authorship, printing, publication, edition, etc.

Periodicals- is timely every week or everyday they change.

1. Magazine

2. Journal

3. Newspaper

-More on showbiz, lifestyle

-Is all about academics

-A set of large sheets of paper that have news, stories, articles or opinions, etc.

TWO TYPES OF PERIODICALS

General Periodicals

Professional Periodicals

-This contain articles of different subjects (For Entertainment).

-This contain for thesis or professional journals.

Context Clues- Are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or familiar words.

The different types of context clues1. Definition/Explanation Clues - Sometimes a word’s or phrase’s meaning is

explained Immediately after its use. EXAMPLE: “Haberdashery, which is a store that

sells men’s clothing, is becoming more common today.”

2. Synonym Clues - Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a

simple way. EXAMPLE: “Lou was sent to the haberdashery

to find a new suit. He needed to wear one for his uncle’s wedding.”

3. Antonym Clues - Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by

the presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to its use. Look for signal words when applying context clues.

EXAMPLE: “Lou wanted to go to the haberdashery, but Ann wanted to shop at the boutique.

4. Example Clues:

“LANGUAGE”

(Webster)Expression and communication of emotion or ideas between human beings by means of hearing that systematized and confirm by usage among the given.

Language theories

Behaviorists- They believe that language can learn throw imitation & reinforcement repeatition.Cognitivist- They believe that language is mental penomenon.Functionalists- They believe in the power environment & society.Instructuralist- Language is systematized

“READING”

Is a cognitive process of decoding, comprehending, & retaining symbols to derive meaning from a text.

Three Component of reading

1.Decoding- Refers to the process of translating symbol.

2 types of decoding skills

*Word Attack Skills- Use another book to understand

*Identification Skills- Your ability2.Comprehending- It is the level of

understanding of a text.3.Retaining- The condition of

keeping something in your mind.

Factors to consider in reading

1.Motivation2.Intelligence3.Interest4.Language Facilities

Stages of Reading Development

Stage 0:

Stage 1:

Stage 2:

Pre-reading to Preschool (Ages 6months to 6years).

Initial Reading and Decoding- grade 1 and beginning grade 2 (Ages 7 and 8years).

Confirmation and fluency- grade 2 and 3 (Ages 9 to 13).

Stage 3:

Stage 4:

Stage 5:

Reading for learning the new grades 4 to 8 (Ages 9-13).

Multiple Viewpoints- high school, grades 10 to 12 (Ages 15-17).

Construction and Reconstruction-College and beyond (Ages 18+)

Different Level of Comprehension

Level 1:Level 2:Level 3:

Level 4:Level 5:

Literal ComprehensionInterpret ComprehensionCritical analysis/Critical EvaluationApplication and ReactionCreative Thinking

Types of Retention 1.Long term memory2.Short term memory

•Purpose why we read1.To be knowledgeable

2. To teach other people3. Be more effective

Different kinds of reading

1. Skimming

2. Scanning

3. Idea Reading4. Exploratory

Reading

5. Analytic Reading

-Fastest and easiest kind of reading-Target word looking page by page-To get the main idea-To know how the whole selection is presented-To know identify word relationship careful

6. Critical Reading

7. Nareotic Reading

8. Extensive Reading

9. Intensive Reading

10. Developmental Reading

-Makes the reader weigh facts, information or ideas presented in the selection to form comments.

-If sad, depress or etc. you will read-Not interested but force to do

-Your interested to the subject.

-Fallow certain stage and have development.

Why taking test?

1. To test your knowledge2. To test how you will remember

specific information3. To develop your skills when it

comes to study and thinking skills

Two types of test

1.Objectives- Remember specific names, dates, terns, and definition

2.Essay-a short piece of writing on a particular subject

How to prepare objectives?

1. Know what would be included in the test.

2. Gather the materials you will need such as textbook study notes, homework/assignment.

3. Review your notes and assignment pay attention to names, dates, terms, and definition, if your note are not clear reread the appropriate.

4. Make-up question that might be on the test.

5. Answer those question

Steps Taking Objectives

1. Always remember read the direction closely.

2. Skim the rest of the test note how many question there are which ones are easy complete first the easy question then the difficult one.

3. Note how much time you have far the test and figure out how much time you can spend on each question.

4. If you do not understand something on the test ask your teacher for your help.

Types of objectives

1. Multiple Choice Question- Ask you to choose the correct from 3 or more options.

a. Read the question carefully

b. Read all the choices before you answer

c. Eliminate choices that you know incorrect

d. Think carefully about the remaining choices base on what you know determine w/c choice makes the most sense

2. True or False Question- Ask to determine whether the statement is true or false.

a. Read the question carefully

b. Look to see if any part of the statement is false the if you…

c. If all the parts of the statements are true the statement is true

3. Fill Out the Blank Question- Ask to fill out the missing word of the statement. a. Read the question carefully b. Write specific answer using the terminology found in your note or textbook c. Try to fill out all the blanks4. Short Answer Identification- Ask to answer a question with a word or a phrase or with one or two sentences. a. Read the question carefully b. Write specific answer c. Try to answer all question

5. Matching Question- Ask you to match the items w/ one list w/ the items in another list. a. Read the direction carefully, some direction may explain that you do not have to use all the items other directions will inform you that you may use some items ones b. Read both list and know how they are related c. Skim through the item identify the easy ones then the difficult ones, if you have answered it checked the letter d. Complete the rest of the test

Preparing Essay Test

Essay test are intended to measure your understanding of what you have learned. You express your understanding by writing an essay of one paragraph or more.

To prepared essay test, reread the appropriate parts of your textbook and your notes to identify main idea and important supporting details.

Taking Essay Test

1. Read the direction closely.2. Skim the rest the test.3. If you have a choice of essay

question, decide which ones will you answer.

4. Figure out how much time you can spend on each question.

5. Begin by reading the directions carefully.

6. Work through the stages of the writing process.

Stages of Writing Processa. Prewriting- Gather ideas for

your answer.b.Writing- Use your prewriting

notes to help you write your answer, begin by the writing either the topic sentence of a paragraph or the thesis statement of a composition.

c. Revising- In this cases reread the question and your answer to make sure that you have answered the question.

d.Proofreading- Your paragraph for errors in grammar, usage spelling and mechanics.

Answering the Different Kinds of Essay Question…

Essay question generally ask you to complete one of several tasks, Each of these tasks is expressed by a verb. The following list show some key verbs and the tasks each verb signals.

Essay Test Question (Key Verb’s)

Task Behavioral Objective

Analyze Take something apart to show how each part works.

Compare Point out likeness or differences.

Compare Point out differences or likeness.

Compare and Contrast

Point out similarities and differences.

Describe Give a picture in words or an account of.

Enumerate List, outline, trace list events, show development.

Discuss Explain or give reason for something.

Demonstrate and illustrate

Show or provide examples to support a point.

Interpret Give the meaning or significance of something.

Taking Down Notes

WHAT ARE NOTES? – Notes are pieces of information sifted from a body texts read or heard. These are generally the key points of said texts and are taken down to make the studying of their source texts easier.

NOTE TAKING TECHNIQUES. NOTE TAKING is a way of life in college. The volumes of the lessons to be read and the many lectures to be listened to in and out of the classrooms are simply difficult to remember as they are. You have to sift from them only those information that you think are important and are of use to you. If you do this efficiently, yours is the major prize of better comprehension and retention of what you have listened to and read. For this purpose, the following techniques can be helpful:

a. Note-taking can be self-styled and designed. This means taking down important points according to your own codes and devices. For as long as you can decipher and transcribe them when you go over them and when you will use them, then, they are notes well-taken.

b. Note-taking is faster with the use of abbreviations. Be sure however, that the soonest time you can, you transcribe your notes, spelling out all abbreviations. Otherwise, you run the risk of forgetting what these devised abbreviation are.

The following abbreviation may be helpful:

& - and w/ - with w/o - without

w/n - within

s/b – should be

# - number % - percent $ - money/dollar

+ - plus = - equals

< - less than

> - more than

Lbs. - pounds gr. - gram Ltd. - limited

Qty. - quantity

amt. - amount

Vol. - volume p. - page pp. - pages

Omitting vowels

prk- pork Cntrysd - countryside

Prsdnt - president

Brrl - barrel Dvlpmnt - development

Sntr - senator

Fnd - fund Prgrm - program Cngrssmn - congressman

Writing in Acronyms:

OP – Office of the PresidentCHS – College of the Holly SpiritPSG - Presidential Security GuardLP – Lyceum of the Philippines HOR – House of RepresentativesUST – University of Santo Tomas

Clipping Words:Trigo – Trigonometry

Socio – SociologyExam – examination

Theo - theologyphilo – philosophy

lab - laboratory

The TIPS technique of Brown and Miller. TIPS stands for the following:

T for Topic expressed in a word or a phrase.I for Idea which is the main idea expressed in one sentence.P for Point/s which is/are the idea/s or point/s like facts, examples, reasons, etc. that support the main idea.S for Summary which is the summary or the synthesis of the TIP.

This technique is either linear or spatial.The linear TIPS produces linear notes while the spatial TIPS produces spatial notes. If you use this paragraph, these types of notes will appear as follows:BIOLOGY is the science of life, including all studies dealing with the nature, structure, function, and behavior of living things. Biology is concerned not only with the myriad forms that living things may have but also with their evolution, their development, and their relationships to their environment. Because it is too broad a science to be investigated by any single person, biologists are usually specialists in some one of the biological sciences.

Example of TIPS linear notes:Topic – Biology as a branch of science.Idea – Biology is a broad science of living things.Points – a. deals with the nature, structure, function and behavior of living things.

b. also deals with their evolution, development, and relationship to the environment.Summary – Biology is a broad science of living things as it deals with the nature, structure, function and behavior of living things and also with their evolution, development, and relationship to the environment.

In phrase form and sentence form outlines, every topic is numbered, usually beginning with the Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.); then descending to the subtopic using the big letters of the alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, etc.); then further descending to the sub-subtopic using the Arabic Numbers ( 1, 2. 3, 4, 5, etc.) and still further descending to the sub-sub-subtopic using the small letters of the alphabet (a, b, c, d, e, etc.).

Example:

An outline In Phrase Forms:I. The meaning of readingII. Enhancing reading skills

A. Pre-reading stage1. Familiarizing yourself with

the reading materiala. your newspaperb. your magazinec. your book

2. Familiarizing yourself with the reading selection a. essay

b. short storyc. dramad. poem

3. Determining your reading purpose

a. scanningb. skimmingc. thorough reading

B. Actual Reading Stage1.Helping yourself in speed

a. indentingb. columnar readingc. proper phrasing

2.Helping yourself in comprehensiona. overcoming vocabulary problemsb. getting the literal meaning.c. getting the connotative meaning

C. Post Reading Stage

1. Integrating to life the reading experience

2. Taking down the important information

a. from an essayb. from a short storyc. from a dramad. from a poem

Example:An outline In Sentence FormI. Reading is a physical and mental activity

undertaken for a purpose.II. A person’s reading ability can be enhanced.

A. In the pre-reading stage by being familiar first with the reading material and selection, and by determining the purpose.B. In the actual reading stage, by helping yourself in speed through indenting, columnar reading, or proper phrasing and by helping yourself in comprehension through overcoming vocabulary problem, getting the literal meaning, getting the connotative meaning in actual reading of sample essays, short stories, dramas and poems.C. In the post reading stage, enhancement can be done by integrating to life the reading experience and taking down the important information from the reading text.

Interpreting and Constructing Non-Prose Forms

What are the NON-PROSE FORMS? The non-prose forms meant to be taken up here are the pictorial representations of some messages for a given text. TABLES are pictorial representations of numerical or non-numerical information arranged in vertical columns under category headings so they can easily be compared.

INTERPRETING TABLESExamples: A spot table with

NUMERICAL DATA. May 1998 sales volume of gold label ice cream FLAVORS 1-

7 8-14

15-21

22-28 29-31

TOTAL

Almond CappuccinoBuko MelonFruit SaladSuper MochaRocky RoadUbe Macapuno

Weekly Total:

66 60 70 66 67 68

388

64 67 69 66 64 61

391

61 55 65 70 73 65

389

58 57 68 69 70 68

390

62 60 72 66 72 70

401

303 299 344 336 346 332

1,960

A spot table with NON-NUMERICAL DATA

CRYPTOGRAMS PHANEGRAMS

Ferns

MossesAlgaeFungi

ConifersCacti

Water LiliesSunflower

A sample table:

TOURIST ARRIVALS IN MAY, 1998.

AmericansEnglishmenFrenchmenSpaniardsGermans

Puerto RicansJapaneseTaiwaneseKoreans

MalaysiansIndonesians

PakistaniJordanian

5,4352,0061,8902,0725,2341,3517,0454,6743,2163,0042,0081,3521,023

GRAND TOTAL: 40,310

A complex table:AIRPLANE

SMON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN

PAL 2PM 2PM 3PM 3PM 8AM 8AM 6AM

JAL 6AM 6AM 7AM 7AM 2PM 2PM 5PM

KAL 8AM 8AM 10AM 10AM 3PM 3PM 6PM

CAL 10AM 10AM 5PM 5PM 10AM 10AM 8AM

NORTHWEST

4PM 4PM 1PM 1PM 6AM 6AM 10PM

To Interpret Tables With Numerical Date:1.State the main heading

or the title.2.State the total figure

given.3.State the subheadings

running horizontally.4.Then, take up each

horizontal heading vertically.

5.Then, compare data horizontally and vertically.

6.Finally, summarize the whole table.

To Interpret Tables With Non-Numerical Data1.State the main heading

or the title.2.State the subheadings

running horizontally. 3.Then take up each

horizontal subheading vertically.

4.Then compare data that call for comparison.

5.Summarize the whole table.

a GRAPH is a figure that provides a

pictures of the relationship between two variable and

shows a comparisons, a

change over time, or a trend.

1. Bar Graph

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Series 1

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Series 1Series 2Series 3

2. Line graph

a BAR GRAPH provides units of measurement for visual comparison and can begin on the horizontal or vertical line.

To Interpret Graphs:1. State the main heading or the

title.2. State the grand total of the

figure given.3. State the variables running

vertically.4. State the variables running

horizontally.5. Coordinate and show

comparison.6. State the trend indicated.7. Summarize the whole graph.

a CHART is also like a graph because it is also a figure that illustrates relationships. But, unlike the graph, this is not potted on a coordinate system, it may be a pie chart, an organizational chart, or a flow chart.

a PIE CHART is a circle chart that is partitioned to show a parts-whole relationship.

1st Qtr59%

2nd Qtr23%

3rd Qtr10%

4th Qtr9%

Sales

1. pie chart

To Interpret a Pie Chart

1.Present the whole pie with total figure it represents.

2.Present its partitions with the figure each part represents.

3.Compare each part in its size of representation.

4.Summarize all the data included in the chart.

a ORGANIZATIONAL CHART is a pictorial illustration of the hierarchy of administrative ranks or functions.To Interpret An Organizational Chart:1. Present the name of the

organization.2. Name its components from

the top post to the bottom, and giving as well their corresponding administrative functions.

3. Account for all the member of the organization.

Pres.

VP-Personal

Teaching Professors

Non-teaching registrar

Treasurer

VP-FinanceVP-

Academic affairs

Executive dean

1. Organizational

chart

a FLOW CHART traces a process of an activity. It shows the step by step procedure in doing something.To Interpret a Flow chart•The chart explain itself. With the data given in a sequential pattern, the most that can be done about it is to re-write the data in a paragraph or composition form.

1st

3rd

2nd

4th

5th

3. FLOW CHART

SQ3R

SURVEY

REVIEW

RECITEREAD

QUESTION

SURVEY: Record important titles, subtitle. Pictures, vocabulary words.

QUESTION: Ask yourself.

READ: Write answer to the question above.

RECITE: Record key facts and phrases as needed.

REVIEW: Create a summary paragraph for each question.

Different learning style in RECITE1.Linguistic2.Logical3.Visual4.Musical5.Kinesthetic6.Intrapersonal7.Interpersonal8.Naturalist

Memory and Concentration

1.Relax2.Avoid being negative3.Take an active role4.Make association

2 Kinds of Motivation Internal External

Sense of Purpose

1.Competency2.Awareness

3.To be flexible4.Time

management

THANKYOU☻ENGLISH

PREPARED BY:

JONEL GAMBOABS-ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1-A

PREPARED TO:

Sir. Joezer Santos