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Discrepancy between average WMAP observed and ROSAT predicted

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect profiles of 31 clusters (2006 ApJ, 648, 176)

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2/ dof=1.67

2/ dof=1.25

GAL. ABS. x MEKAL

GAL. ABS. x (MEKAL+PO)

SOFT EXCESS

HARD EXCESS?

POWER-LAW SAME

LUMINOSITY AS THERMAL EMISSION!

Substantial non-thermal fraction of cluster X-ray

fluxnot only explains

soft and hard excess, but is

also the reasonwhy such a

feeble SZ effect among clusters on the whole

How much is a cluster's 2-7 keV flux thermal?

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Giant radio halo A 2163

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Density

Specific Entropy

Entropy/ Volume

Zanni et al, A & A, Vol 429, p399

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CONSEQUENCES OF ALFVENIC HEATING MODEL

1. The S-Z effect may be probe of cluster non-thermal processes, not cosmology.

2. Contribution of thermal medium to cluster mass overestimated when anomalous SZE. Abundances underestimated.

3. Anomalous S-Z results could be associated with:• active AGN with cluster scale X-ray jets or radio jets• or radio 'ridges‘• or radio halos• or recent cluster merger.

4. Full S-Z effect likely in clusters well fitting a thermal temperature distribution, apart from possible cooling flow.

5. EUV and Hard excess likely where there is large-scale cluster medium turbulence.

6. Extended cluster radio emission enhancement of the same model7. Active cluster medium is a more important cosmic ray source than in our

galaxy.