g8 prepared by angad

8/7/2019 g8 prepared by angad

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Presented by:

Angad AgarwalArshi Fahim

Pranay Subha


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The Group of Eight (G8, and formerly the G6 orGroup of Six) is a forum, created by France in 1975,for governments of six countries in the world: France,

Germany

,Italy

,Japan

, the United Kingdom

, and theUnited States. In 1976,Canadajoined the group (thus creating the

G7). In 1997, the group added Russia thus becoming the

G8. In addition, the European Union is representedwithin the G8, but cannot host or chair.[1]

"G8" can refer to the member states or to the annualsummit meeting of the G8 heads of government.


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By design, the G8 deliberately lacks an administrative structurelike those for international organizations, such as the UnitedNations or the World Bank.

The group does not have a permanent secretariat, or offices forits members.

The presidency of the group rotates annually among themember countries, with each new term beginning on 1 Januaryof the year.

The country holding the presidency is responsible for planningand hosting a series of ministerial-level meetings, leading up toa mid-year summit attended by the heads of government.The

president of the European Commission participates as an equalin all summit events. The G8 officials also agreed to pool data on terrorism, subject

to restrictions by privacy and security laws in individualcountries.


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The annual G8 leaders summit is attended by eight of the world'smost powerful heads of government.

However, as noted by commentators the G-8 summit is not theplace to flesh out the details of any difficult or controversial policy

issue in the context of a three-day event. Rather, the meeting is tobring a range of complex and sometimes inter-related issues. The G8 summit is an international event which is observed and

reported by news media, but the G8's relevance is unclear. The member country holding the G8 presidency is responsible for

organizing and hosting the year's summit, held for three days in

mid-year; The G8 annual summit sets the stage for what needs to be doneand establishes an idea of how to do it, even if that idea is, at best,rough and patchy.

The summits have also been the site of numerous, large-scaleanti-globalization protests


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Contributing to UN Millennium summit goals (fighting

poverty in theThird world through debt reduction;

facilitating access to G8 markets; increasing volume and

efficiency ofODA; Global Fund; assisting implementation

of the Education For All Program; helping to overcome

"digital divide")

Fighting international terrorism: preventing terrorists'

access to WMD; enhancing transportation security; cutting

terrorists' financial flows. Nuclear non-proliferation becomes an urgent issue (Iran,DPRK)


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Strengthening stability and predictability of

international energy markets;

Increasing investments in the world energy sector; Promoting energy saving and energy efficiency;

Developing alternative energy sources;

Enhancing safety and reliability of world energysupply;

Reducing "energy poverty" of theThird world


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All eight of the G8 countries are amongst the fifteen top-ranked leading export countries.

The USA,Germany, Italy, France, Japan and Russia areamong the top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves.

Some of the world's 17 largest stock exchanges by tradedvalue and market capitalization are in G8 countries (U.S.,Japan, UK,Canada, Germany.)

All the G8 countries are represented in the top teneconomies (by nominal GDP) of the world, according to

current 2010 International Monetary Fund's statistics.Also, five countries of the G8 have nominal GDP per capitaabove US$40,000. (USA,Canada, Japan, France,Germany), from the same 2010 IMF data.


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The 2nd and 3rd largest oil producers (USA and Russia) and thecountry with the 2nd largest reserves (Canada) are in the G8.

Seven of the nine largest nuclear energy producers are in theG8(USA, France, Japan, Russia,Germany,Canada,UK.)

The 7 largest donors to the UN budget for the 2009 annual fiscalyear are in the G8 (U.S., Japan,Germany, UK, France, Italy,Canada.)The G8 and BRIC makes up almost all of the 12-nation"trillion dollar club of nations." Spain is the only non-G8 and non-G20 major economy nation that has a nominal GDP of over USD$1 trillion.

All of the G8 and G8+5 countries (minus South Africa) are in thetop twenty (20) nations that are ranked by the amount of votingpower in the International Monetary Fund organization.


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Initiative on fighting dangerous infections

Strategic goal: strengthening WHO global

network for information and analysis ofinfectious diseases.

G8 Action plan on bird flu and its pandemics

among humansMeasures to prevent epidemics related to

natural disasters


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Initiative on education

Strategic goal: improving quality of university

education in G8 countries and in theThird world.Spheres of practical cooperation:

- modernizing certification mechanisms for the

"new economy" and global labor markets- adaptation, professional, linguistic and cultural

integration of migrants


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Together the eight countries making up the G8represent about 14% of the world population, butthey represent about 60% of the Gross World Product

as measured by gross domestic product, all eightnations being within the top 12 countries according tothe CIAWorld Factbook.

In 2007, the combined G8 military spending was

US$850 billion.This is 72% of the world's total militaryexpenditures. Four of the G8 members, the United Kingdom,United

States, France and Russia, together account for 9699% of the world's nuclear weapons.


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As the annual summits are extremely high profile, they aresubject to extensive lobbying by advocacy groups andstreet demonstrations by activists.

The most widespread criticisms centre on the assertion

that members of G8 are responsible for global problemssuch as poverty in Africa and developing countries -through debt and trade policy; global warming - due tocarbon dioxide emissions; and the AIDS problem - due tostrict medicine patent policy and other issues related toglobalization.

The group has also been criticized for its membership,which critics argue has now become unrepresentative ofthe world's most powerful economies. In particular,Chinahas recently surpassed every economy except the UnitedStates.


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Thank you

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g8 prepared by angad