Japan for Sustainability

Toward theToward the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summity

M d J 9 2008Monday, June 9, 2008Shigemoto KAJIHARA,

i iSenior DirectorPolicy & Coordination Division

l b l i l1

Global Environmetal BureauMinistry of the Environment of Japan

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1) Japan’s leadership in international negotiations on climate changenegotiations on climate change

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Global CO2 Emissions & Prospects

21 4%

USAOtherProspects: Global CO2 Emissions

25

CO2 Emission

25

CO2

21.4%33.3%Global

CO2 emissions(2005)

15

20

15

20

18.84 2%

(2005)

27.1 bn. ｔ-CO2 10開発途上国

10 Developing Countries

%12.0%5.7%4.5%

4.2%China

Japan

India

0

5

先進国

0

5

Developed Countries

EU 15RussiaMoEJ from IEA「 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION」 2007EDITION

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 21002000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Source: Kainuma et al., 2002: Climate Policy Assessment, Springer, p.64.

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Outline of the COP13 Bali Conference

Agreement on the “Bali Action Plan” concerning the next framework

J d ti l d fi li d ti ti

Critical Point :All ti ill ti i t i i t h t i 2009

← Japan proposed actively and finalized negotiations

All nations will participate aiming to reach agreement in 2009

・ Review commitments and actions of advanced countries ensuringReview commitments and actions of advanced countries, ensuring comparability, including quantified emission limitations and reduction targets

・ Agree that developing countries will take concrete actions (through・ Agree that developing countries will take concrete actions (through assistance)

To commence full-fledged discussions, Japan will provide leadership as the G8 host country

and … commitments of developed countries for the next term (Protocol AWG):The total reduction goal of developed countries as a group is 25% to 40% reductions

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Conference Schedule Related to Climate Change

２００７ ２００８

６ ８ 10 12 ６ 12Spring１ １ 11 12

２００９

UNFCCCCOP13

（Indonesia）

Hokkaido Toyako

COP14（Poland）

COP15（Denmark）

UNFCCC(United Nations

FrameworkConvention on Climate

Change)

HeiligendammSummit

（6/6-8, Germany）

Hokkaido Toyako Summit

（7/7-9, Japan）G20

G8

Ｇ８MoE

G20 @ Chiba

（3/14-16)

Ｇ８MoE＠Kobe

(5/24-26)Davos

ConferenceMajor

E iConference （1/23-27,

Switzerland）

EconomiesMeeting

( Summer )

First commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol: 2008～2012(Japan counts by fiscal year rather than calendar year)

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Vision for promoting “Cool Earth”: Japan will set a quantified national target

(Announcement of Cool Earth Partnership (Prime Minister Fukuda expressed at Davos Conference in January 2008))

Future outlook (BAU)Mid-term target Long-term target

GlobalGHG

(Announcement of Cool Earth Partnership (Prime Minister Fukuda expressed at Davos Conference in January 2008))

“Innovation”. Develop innovative technologies

Transform into Low Carbon Societies

“Post-Kyoto Framework”. Have Global GHGs peak in coming 10 to 20 years

emissions

. Transform into Low Carbon Societies

“Cool Earth 50”Halve globali i b 2050

“International cooperation”. International deployment of emissions by 2050. International deployment of energy conservation efforts. New financial mechanism

(Cool Earth Partnership)

now 2018～2028 2050

( p)

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Relation between gross targets by country and sectoral approach

* Next framework

・ Setting of fair goals( ← Japan sets gross amount target by country )( p g g y y )

・ Realize the peaking through participation by all major emitters

* Method of setting gross targets by country:g g g y yBottom-up method utilizing sectoral approaches

M itMerits:・ Possible to grasp reduction potentials scientifically and

objectivelyobjectively・ Can specify cost-effective measures

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Cooperation & Partnership in Asia & World to Benefit the Entire Globe

“Leapfrogging” by developing countries

Evolution path ofdeveloped countries E l ti th f d l ddeveloped countriesso far

Evolution path of developed countries toward a low carbon society

GHGs

Evolution path of developing countries so far Evolution path of developing countries

toward a low carbon society

Economic Growth

National needs Global environmental issues

Efforts to address environmental Efforts to address Co-benefits

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environmental improvement climate changeCo-benefits

G8 Environment Ministers Meeting@Kobe(24-26 May)

～Major Agendas: “Climate Change” “Biodiversity” “3Rs”～

Participation from(19 countries)Participation from(19 countries)・・regions and 8 regions and 8 International organizations(including 12 foreign ministers)International organizations(including 12 foreign ministers)

～Major Agendas: Climate Change , Biodiversity , 3Rs ～

＜G8 Countries＞＜Other participated countries＞

Japan(Chairman)d

Antigua and Barbuda (G77 Chair country)AustraliaChina Brazil

CanadaFranceGermany

Indonesia IndiaKorea MexicoSouth Africa Slovenia (EU Chair)

ItalyRussiaGreat Britain UN Environment Program (UNEP) International Union for

South Africa Slovenia  (EU Chair)

＜International Organizations＞

United StatesEuropean Commission

UN Environment Program (UNEP), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), World Bank, Global Environment Facility (GEF), Global CommissionLegislators Organization for a Balanced Environment (GLOBE), UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, Basel Convention Secretariat 9

G8 Environment Ministers Meeting＠Kobe（24-26 May）

～Chairman’s Summary: Climate Change～

① Long-term Goals : Low-carbon Society

～Chairman s Summary: Climate Change～

② Post-2012 Framework

③ E i I t t (E i i T di C b Off t t )③ Economic Instruments (Emissions Trading, Carbon Offset, etc.)

④ Cooperation Among Developed and Developing countries

⑤ Kobe Initiative

follow up on the outcome of the meeting and a proposal of dialogue within majorfollow up on the outcome of the meeting and a proposal of dialogue within major

countries

(1) International research network on low‐carbon societies

(2) Analysis on bottom‐up sectoral mitigation potentials

(3) Promotion of Co‐benefits among relevant policies

( ) b l f l(4) Capacity building support for developing countries on inventories and data collection (measurability, reportability, and verifiability [MRV])

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Major Arguments Japan’s Position

Major arguments at the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit(7-9 July)(Concerning Climate Change)

Major Arguments Japan s Position

Long‐term target Halve the global GHG emissions by 2050

Peak out・Mid‐term target Peak out the emissions incoming 10 to 20 yearsP l hPropose a sectoral approaches

Sectoral approach Propose it as a fair method for formulating a country based national targetEffective for promotion of efforts by developing countries through efficient technology transferefficient technology transfer.

Participation by developing countries

Actions of emerging countries under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities is crucial.

Co‐benefits approach Contribute to both the development and the reduction of GHG emissions.Should be positioned as an important pillar of development strategy of developing countries.

A i t t d l i P t C l E th P t hi (Ab t US$10 illi )Assistance to developing countries

Promote Cool Earth Partnership (About US$10 million)Proposal for establishment of a multi fund in addition.

Domestic Emissions Trading System

Discuss comprehensively on  wide range of arguments including the assessment of specific plans and the validity of introductionSystem assessment of specific plans and the validity of introduction.(Under discussion at the Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies, Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet)

Transform into low‐carbon Promote creating a common vision for low‐carbon society to be shared inTransform into  low‐carbonsociety

Promote creating a common vision for low‐carbon society to be shared in the world

→ Toward establishment of an effective framework that all major emitters participate, aims significant agreement at the Toyako Summit, with the hope of backing up the negotiation under the United Nations. 11

2) Japan’s approaches toward a low carbon society

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Units: million tons of CO2

Trends in CO2 Emissions from Energy by Sectorand Targets for 2010

500

Units: million tons of CO2

Units: million tons of CO2

1990 Change from 1990 2006

Reduction rate to meet

target

Targets(*)

for 2010

400 Industrial Sector (Factories, etc.) 482 －4.6% 460

－6.7%～

－7.6%424～428

300

217 +16.7% 254 －4.8%

～－6.4%

240～243

Transportation Sector (Vehicles, ships, etc.)

Commercial and Other Sector(Office buildings, etc.)

164 +39.5% 229 －11.6%

～－13.0% 208～210

200

R id ti l S t

127 +30.0% 166 －19.1%

～－21.5% 138～141

100 Residential Sector

Energy Conversion Sector 68 +13.9% 77 －16.2% 66

0

gy

(*) As a target guide for emissions, a maximum predicted effect and a minimum predicted effect for reduction measures have been established. Naturally, the goal is to try and achieve the maximum effect; however, even if only the minimum effect is achieved, it has been formulated so that it will at least meet Japan’s targets under the Kyoto Protocol.

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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For the economic and social systems to grow with low carbon emissions

Supply of energy conservation technologies

ili k

Demand for low carbon goods and services

Innovation of life styleInnovation in energy conservation 

technologies

Utilize market mechanisms aiming 

at growth harmonious with

. Advancement of energy conservation efficiencyIntroduction of high‐efficiency heat pumps high‐efficiency lights etc Innovation of business style

harmonious with the environment

pumps, high efficiency lights, etc. y

* Carbon pricing through emissions Shifting energy sources

. Promotion of demand for low‐carbon goods and services, etc.

. Nuclear power generation

. Renewable energies, etc.

D l “ i i ” i

trading and environment taxes

Shifting energy sources

Practical application of CO2

Capture and Storage (CCS)

Develop “compact cities” in which people can live 

comfortably without cars* Deployment of new business models such as carbon offsets and eco point

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Emissions Trading

E i iReductions

EmissionsEmissionsMarket 

A B

Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet：Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies

Ministry of the Environment：Implementation of voluntary domestic emissions trading system;P bli i f ifi i i d i i i di

Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies 

Publication of specific system options in domestic emissions trading

Ministry of  Economy, Trade and Industry：Study group on economic methods addressing climate change

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y g p g g

Tokyo stock exchange：Study group on stock exchanges, including Kyoto Mechanism Credits

Finally: “Light down” toward the preventionof climate change

Emissions from lighting account for about 10% of CO2 emissions from

houses.

National Light Down from g8 p.m., July 7, the first

day of the Summit!Decoration with candles in the square in front of the Hokkaido Government Building. “Light Down” event

“Gaia Night”

(March 30 2008)

Replace incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent lights.Replacement of incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent lights will cut about 32kg of CO2 emissions a year.

y

(March 30, 2008)

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National Campaigns

Eco Point

A mechanism providespoints upon purchasing

i denergy saving goods or actions for energy saving.

Points will be changedPoints will be changedwith a product.

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Picture of the Earth from Satellite “Kaguya”

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