1

1

Application Servers G22.3033-011

Session 1 - Main ThemeLegacy Application Server Technology

Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti

New York UniversityComputer Science Department

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

2

AgendaApplication Servers GenericsCourse Logistics, Structure and ObjectivesKnowledge RequiredApplication Servers EvolutionSupporting TechnologyExpected FeaturesRelated XML TechnologyIntroduction to Component TechnologiesSummaryClass Project OverviewReadingsAssignment #1

2

3

Part I

Introduction

4

Application Servers Generics

Modern Application Server PropertiesRich/portable softwareMiddleware between pervasive devices and back-office systemsPlatform independent programming interfaceSupport legacy applications integration (EAI/B2Bi) XML-enabledWeb-services enabled

3

5

Course Logistics

Course Web Sitehttp://cs.nyu.edu/courses/fall01/G22.3033-011/index.htmhttp://www.nyu.edu/classes/jcf/g22.3033-011/Login/Password: appserv/appserv (not currently protected)Review syllabus

TextbooksBuilding J2EE Applications with IBM WebSphereMicrosoft .Net Distributed Applications: Integrating XML Web Services and .Net Remoting

6

Knowledge Required

Programming Languages (g22.2110)Operating Systems(g22.2250)Programming for the WWWAbility to program in JavaSome exposure to XML and associated technologies

4

7

Other Useful Knowledge

Web server configuration and the HTTP protocolScripting languages (e.g., JavaScript, Perl, TCL, etc.)Database theory (normalization rules)Web publishingEnterprise applications design

See Session 1 Sub-Topic 1 on “Sample Enterprise Application Design”See Session 1 Sub-Topic 2 on “Sample Project Development Methodology”See Session 1 Sub-Topic 3 on “Detailed Project Development Methodology”

8

Application Servers Evolution

Traditional client-server technologyCGI frameworksPage-based extended HTML environmentsDistributed object computing platformsJava-BasedObject Management Architectures (OMAs)Component-based computing environmentsWeb Services platformsNext generation application servers (reflective, multimedia- and agent enabled, MDA-compliant, etc.)

5

9

Part II

Supporting Technology

10

(Network) Communication Protocolse.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, RPC, GIOP/IIOP, RMI, XML, XML-RPC, SOAP/DIME/ROPE, UDDI/DISCO, WSDL

Client-Server TechnologyDistributed Object ComputingComponent Models and FrameworksSecure Messaging Infrastructures

Underlying Facilities

6

11

ConnectionCustomers (and partners) were required to have dedicated lines, leased lines, dialups, or some other access to your company.

Network ProtocolCustomers had to use the same network protocols as the company they wanted to communicate with, TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBUI, etc.

Hardware RequirementsCustomers had to meet specific machine requirements: microprocessor speed; screen resolution; RAM; hard disk space; modem speed; etc. Customers were required to make a huge investment in hardware.

Operating System RequirementsThe customer had to run a specific Operating System and version.

Software UpdatesApplication updates via floppy disks or CDs had to be infrequent. The customer was required to perform the costly installation or update.

Old Client/Server Model

12

Web Business EvolutionFirst it was Online Publishing

The World Wide Web - a Global Information Network Emerged(The Information Superhighway)The Web Browser Provided Platform-Independent Access to Information

People Could View the Same Content Anywhere in the WorldThere was Explosive Growth in the Number of Business Web sites

Now it’s Online Services and Web Applications.Businesses are Building Relationships with Web-based CustomersValue-Based Services are Ensuring a Steady Flow of Web-based TrafficOverhead is Reduced with Automated Online Services

A New Global Marketplace is Emerging -Web Applications/services are Available from Anywhere in the World 24x7Web Application Updates Occur Instantly and UniversallyDoing Business is now Cheaper, Faster, and Easier

7

13

Basic Web Applications

DB

Databases

Documents

EnterpriseData

WebServerCGI, SSJS, NSAPI,ISAPI, WAI, Etc.

ClientBrowser

Internet Connection

14

Robust Web ApplicationsPresentation

Tier

Rich Clients (Java C/C++, VB)

WebBrowser

Business Logic Tier

WebServers

Application Server(s)

Data Tier

Databases

Enterprise C/S Applications

LegacySystems

DocumentsHTTP

IIOP

8

15

High Performance and ScalabilityBenchmarks demonstrate 6000+ concurrent users, 12,000 TPM on a 4-CPU Sparc

High Availability & ReliabilityCustomers like E*Trade & ISN demand 24x7 reliability with software & hardware fault toleranceeBay on WebSphere

30 billion transactions per dayOver 8,000 tps!

Countrywide Insurance on WebSphereOver 20,000 tps!

Mission Critical Applications Requirements

16

Rapid Development through Pre-built Application & System Services

Proven that large-scale enterprise applications can be built in half the time with equivalent resources

Enterprise IntegrationNeed for high-performance integration to databases, legacy systems, client/server applications and ERP applications

Open & ExtensibleNeed for standards-based, cross-platform supporting Windows/UNIX, JAVA/C++, CORBA/IIOP, RMI/IIOP, and .Net/COM+

Mission Critical Applications Requirements (continued)

9

17

Application Servers Selection Criteria

UsabilityScalability

ConcurrencyExtensibility

SecurityManageability

Fault tolerance, auto-deployment, communications, development environment, monitoring tools

ReusabilitySupportSkills

18

Legacy technologyPage-based extended HTML environmentsOMA-basedWeb Services platformsMDA-basedNext generationhttp://www.appserver-zone.com/guide.aspused to list many unclassified products

Application Server Categories

10

19

CGI-Perl custom environmentsColdFusion MX, PHP 4, ASP, JSPWebsphere 5.0WebLogic 8.1JBossInprise, iPlanet, Sybase EAServer

Application Servers Examples

20

Application Packages(SAP, PeopleSoft, Baan)

ERP, and B2Bi SuitesHuman ResourcesSales AutomationFinancial/AccountingRetail/Point of PurchaseManufacturing/InventorySupply Chain Management

11

21

Part III

Expected Features

22

Sample Features

High performance & scalabilityCreate applications that deliver data quickly and scale to hundreds and thousands of concurrent users.

Maximum availability (24x7)Create applications that are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, even when you are updating them!

Client IndependenceAccess applications using web browsers or rich Java/C++ clients.

Rapid application development (RAD)Develop your applications quickly and easily with pre-built system and application services, application builder, extension builder, and a variety of third-party tools.

Enterprise Application IntegrationConnect to backend databases, existing client/server applications, and your existing legacy systems.

12

23

CustomerSelf-Service

on-line credit card customer care & billingportfolio managementbenefits administration

Business-to-Business Efficiencies

package trackingclaims processingsupply chain managementsales automation

RevenueExpansion

on-line retailing, on-line tradingloyalty programstravel and entertainment

What Customers are Building with it...

Value Proposition

24

Develop, Deploy & Manage Business-Critical Applications

Development Methodology

Develop & deploy‘Extensions’ in Java/C++ for enterprise applicationintegration

Develop & deploybusiness applicationsin Java/C++

Extension Builder

Application Builder

Develop Deploy

• High Performance & Scalability• High Availability• Client-Independence• Rapid Development of

Business Applications• Enterprise Integration

Application Servers

• ApplicationAdministration & Management

• Server & ClusterManagement

Administrator

Manage

13

Internal Architecture

Scalable, Reliable

ApplicationArchitecture

HTML

C/C++

Java

VisualBasic

Client

N

e

t

w

o

r

k

S

e

r

v

i

c

e

s

O

p

e

r

a

t

i

n

g

S

y

s

t

e

m

D

i

s

t

r

i

b

u

t

e

d

O

b

j

e

c

t

I

n

f

r

a

s

t

r

u

c

t

u

r

e

P

r

e

-

B

u

i

l

t

S

y

s

t

e

m

&

A

p

p

l

i

c

a

t

i

o

n

S

e

r

v

i

c

e

s

V

e

r

s

i

o

n

i

n

g

S

t

a

t

e

/

S

e

s

s

i

o

n

M

g

m

t

D i r e c t o r y S

e

c

u

r

i

t

y

M

e

s

s

a

g

i

n

g

J

D

B

C

D

a

t

a

A

c

c

e

s

s

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

i

o

n

P

o

o

l

i

n

g

T r a n s a c t i o n sR e s u l t s

C a c h i n g

L o a dB a l a n c i n g

P

e

r

s

i

s

t

e

n

c

e

T h r e a dM a n a g e rF a i l S a f eS e r v i c e sA p p l i c a t i o n S e r v e rA p p l i c a t i o nL o g i c ( J a v a , C / C + + )

2 6 K e y A p p l i c a t i o n S e r v i c e s J a v a , C / C + + C l i e n t S u p p o r t State/ Session ManagementDatabase Request ManagementTransaction Management Connection Cache Results CacheDynamic Content GenerationS t r e a m i n g S e c u r i t y S e r v i c e s

14

27

Key Administration ServicesApplication ManagementServer Management

Key System ServicesMulti-process, Multi-threadedDynamic Load BalancingApplication PartitioningAsynchronous ProcessingEvent Logging & TrackingKernel ServicesDirectory ServicesE-mail Messaging

Services (continued)

Wizards for Point-&-click Development

Application Builder

Rapid Development of Business ApplicationsWizards for Point-&-click Development Pre-built Application Services and Class Libraries (Java, C/C++)Reusable Application ComponentsDistributed Deployment of Application ComponentsDistributed Development Using Three-Tier Programming Model

15

29

Robust Application Development ToolsApplication Logic DesignerHTML DesignerQuery DesignerProject ManagerThird-party Tool Support

Application Builder

Project Manager

30

Advanced cluster managementEnterprise-wide views of all servers and processesEvent monitoring & alertsMulti-view graphicalperformance monitoringACL, User & GroupManagementLoad balancingcustomizationApplication administrationApplication partitioningIntegrated deployment

Server Administration

Performance Monitor

16

Application Server

Business Logic

Pre-built System & Application Services

Extension BuilderExtending Application Servers Functionality

Extensions

Extension Builder(Create Custom Extensions)

Use Pre-built Extensions• IBM MQ Series• BEA Tuxedo• IBM CICS, IMS• ERP Extensions

OR

• Client/serverapplications

• Enterprise Systems• Legacy Applications• Third-party

Web solutions

Existing Applicationsand Systems

32

Open and Extensible

Technical Architecture

Browsers

Rich Clients

Data Sources• RDBMS

• Oracle• Informix• Sybase• DB2• SQL Server

• OODBMS• ODI

• ODBC & JDBC

Open Client Library

Java, C/C++,VB

Platforms• Sun Solaris• HP-UX• SGI Irix• Windows NT

Extensions• TP Monitors• Legacy• Client/server

OC

L

Dat

a A

cces

s En

gine

Exte

nsio

ns

Prot

ocol

Man

ager

(HTT

P, K

CP

, IIO

P)

Web

Con

nect

ors

ISA

PI,

NS

API,

CG

I

WebServers

ApplicationServer

(Java, C/C++)

Embedded (bundled)IONA ORB

17

33

Part IV

Related XML Technology

34

XML-Based Architectures

Presentation-Oriented Publishing FrameworksXML-Based Application ServersMessage-Oriented Middleware FrameworksWeb Services Frameworks

Peer to Peer (P2P) ComputingXML-Based e-Services Protocols and Architectures

18

35

XML MOM and POP Frameworks

An XML support framework must include:XML Parser (conformity checker)XML applications that use the output of the Parser to achieve unique objectives)

36

POP Applications Support Frameworks

Objective is to “serve” XMLHTML generation applications are provided Sample solutions

XML::Parser module with PerlXML processing via Java servlets

e.g., IBM Alphaworks’ XMLEnablerSee session 2’s sub-topic 2.3.2 on “XML POP Application Server Framework”

Apache’s Cocoonhttp://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2002/02/13/cocoon2.html

Active Server Pages (ASP) with MSXML (see “Serving XML with ASP”, and rocket)

19

37

XML POP Packaged Solutions

Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) toolkitse.g., DataChannel’s XML framework

Structured content management and retrieval systems

e.g., Vignette’s StoryServerGauss Interprise’s VIP’XML-GatewayPoet’s Content Management SuiteChrystal Software’s Astoria

38

MOM Applications Support Frameworks

Many applications can be envisionedOne objective is to support application integration via XML data interchange

Sample solutions:XML::Parser module with PerlXML processing via Java applications

20

39

XML MOM ApplicationsComponent-based modeling

e.g., XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)Enterprise Application IntegrationBusiness-to-Customer (B2C) Applications

e.g., e-CommerceBusiness-to-Business (B2B) Applications

e.g., WebMethodsBluestone’s XML-Server, eXcelon 2.0XMLSolutions’ ExeterXML server

40

Java and the Apache XML Project

See related article at:http://www.informit.com/content/index.asp?product_id=%7B11D8FB42-EC59-4F7B-8215-EDBD80F6A471%7D

List of XML Sub-Projects:Xerces: XML parsers in Java, C++ (with Perl and COM bindings)Xang: Rapid development of dynamic server pages, in JavaScriptXalan: XSLT stylesheet processors, in Java and C++SOAP: Simple Object Access ProtocolFOP: XSL formatting objects, in JavaCrimson: Java XML parser derived from the Sun Project X ParserCocoon: XML-based Web publishing, in JavaBatik: Java-based toolkit for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)AxKit: XML-based Web publishing, in mod_perl

21

41

XML and Java StandardsXML is a family of technologies

XSL, XML Schema, XML Query, XPath, XPointer, XLink, XML Base, DOM, CSS, XSL/XSLT, XHTML, XForms, XML Encryption, XML Key Management, XML Signature, RDF, MathML, SMIL, SVG, X3D, etc.

Review the current state of the XML standards at http://www.w3c.org/XMLReview the current state of Java Technology and XML (JAXP) standards at http://java.sun.com/XMLReview the Java binding to DOM 2.0 at http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/java-binding.zip

DOM Level 3 still at the specification stage

42

XML and Java Standards(continued)

Java XML PackJava Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB)Java API for XML Messaging (JAXM)Java API for XML Processing (JAXP)Java API for XML Registries (JAXR)Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC)

Java Web Services Developer Pack (WSDP 1.1)Java XML PackJSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) 1.0.3Ant Build Tool 1.5.1Java WSDP Registry Server 1.0_04Web Application Deployment ToolApache Tomcat 4.1.2 Container

22

43

Java & XML Frameworks

XML Parsers Xerces-JCrimsonOracle XML parser

XML Server-Side POP FrameworksCocoon

XML P2P/B2Bi/EAI (MOM) FrameworksJXTA, WebMethods, etc.

44

Java and Web Services

Java Web Services Developer Pack (WSDP 1.1)Java XML Pack JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) 1.0.3Ant Build Tool 1.5.1Java WSDP Registry Server 1.0_04Web Application Deployment ToolApache Tomcat Container 4.1.2

23

45

Java-enabled XML TechnologiesXML provides a universal syntax for Java semantics (behavior)

Portable, reusable data descriptions in XMLPortable Java code that makes the data behave in various ways

XML standard extensionBasic plumbing that translates XML into Java

parser, namespace support in the parser, simple API for XML (SAX), and document object model (DOM)

XML data binding standard extension (JAXB)

46

Part V

Introduction toComponent Technologies

24

47

Object-Oriented ProgrammingMethod of implementation in which programs are organized as cooperative collections of objects

Objects are instances of some classClasses are members of a class hierarchyClasses are united via inheritance relationships in which child classes can share members of parent classes and have similar structure and behavior

ClassLanguage type with structure and behaviorNamed or anonymousContain member variables and methods

ObjectInstance of a class with own state, behavior, and identity

48

More on OOPOOP Infrastructure

Language Compiler and ToolsFacilitate OOAD process

OOP Conceptual FrameworkObject Model

Abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, inheritance hierarchy, polymorphic typing

OM notions can be applied to component programminge.g., modularity in OOP via “componentization”!

OOP and Component Programming are Difficult to Separate

e.g., abstraction, encapsulation, etc.

25

49

More on OOP(continued)

PolymorphismSubtype polymorphism

Abstract base classes with inheritance and abstract methods (C#)

abstract class A{

void f();}class B extends A{

void f() { Console.WriteLine(“B class”);}};

Parametric polymorphismUses template classes or functions (C++)

Ad-hoc polymorphismAchieved via operator and function overloading (+ -> concatenate)

50

ComponentsCannot exist without a component infrastructure

Compilers use different name calling conventionsMust introduce a component infrastructure that hides the underlying complexity of different tools and systems used when creating and deploying components

Neither an object nor a class nor a combinationMay include many classesComponent exports interfaces rather than methodsInterfaces do not always have 1-1 correspondance with a class

Not a module (closed static unit that encapsulates embedded abstractions)

Component can only contain binary units (no source code)

26

51

ComponentsA component interface is the unit of component behavior in which some logically grouped methods are exposed to clientsComponent properties

Contain compiled program filesPackage compiled programs in a file that has a format known to the component infrastructure (e.g., DLL, CAB, JAR, EXE)Language neutral

EJB? -> use software bridge to use JavaBeans from VC++e.g., ActiveX bridge (component infrastructure)

Registers with Component infrastructure via a unique nameCB development tools may use introspection to explore components at runtime

52

Component Infrastructures & ModelsComponent Infrastructure

Set of system services based on a component standard that ensure the properties of the component are immutable and enables rules of component composition and interaction

Component ModelDefines component interaction and composition standards

Components Subsume Standards, Component Infrastructures, Tools, and OOADEnterprise assurance

PerformanceConcurrency (stateful/stateless components), caching of data or component, distributed transaction management (many components may modify databases)

Reusability (plug and play) & scalability (resource mgmt)

27

53

Part VI

Conclusion

54

Summary

Enable Rapid Development of Business ApplicationsProvide Industry Leading Performance & ScalabilityProvide High Availability & ReliabilityEnable Enterprise Application IntegrationAllow Client-Independence(HTML, Java, C++, VB)

Provide Open & Extensible Architecture

Key Application Server Objectives

28

55

Class Project

Project DescriptionThe project focus is two-fold:

Based on a framework-based enterprise application of your choice (e.g., “multi-channel online community platforms”), you will implement common facilities and application-level services on top of various types of application server technologies to support the various aspects of your chosen applicationAs you transition from one platform to another you will study

and develop model-based migration and interoperability tools that leverage off of the cutting-edge concepts subsumed by modern Model Driven Architectures (MDAs)

56

Readings

ReadingsHandouts posted on the course web site

Project Frameworks Setup (ongoing)Apache Web Server (www.apache.org)Perl

http://www.perl.com/pub/a/language/info/software.html

29

57

AssignmentAssignment:

#1a: Investigate legacy application server development environments. Write a short report that documents your findings and recommendations with respect to selection criteria in support of legacy development environments for application server technology#1b: Come up with a framework-based business application and implement it on top of the core technology supplied as part of the homework #1 documentation

58

Next Session:Page-Based Application Servers (Part I)

ColdFusion 6.1/MX EnvironmentPHP 4 EnvironmentXML-Based Application Servers