G2 Telematics Progress Report (Abd Hakim Bin Mohtar)

7/28/2019 G2 Telematics Progress Report (Abd Hakim Bin Mohtar)

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PROGRESS REPORT : BY ABD HAKIM BIN MOHTAR

GREEN INTER-VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION & GLOBAL TELEMATIC

SYSTEM (G2-TELEMATICS)

Wireless Ad Hoc Network and NS-2

1.1 Project Background

Wireless systems have been in use since 1970s. We have seen their evolutions move so

rapidly that help to build the latest generation of wireless systems that has becomes available for

the masses today. These systems work with the support of a centralized supporting structure such

as an access point. The wireless users can be connected with the wireless system by the help of

these access points, when they roam from one place to the other.

The adaptability of wireless systems is limited by the presence of a fixed supporting

coordinate. It means that the technology cannot work efficiently in the places where there is no

permanent infrastructure. Easy and fast deployment of wireless networks will be expected by the

future generation wireless systems. This fast network deployment is not possible with the

existing structure of present wireless systems.

Due to that matter, wireless mobile ad hoc network is introduced. Recent advancements

such as Bluetooth which already entering the version 4.0 recently introduced a fresh type of this

wireless technology. Mobile ad-hoc networks or "short live" networks is a network that can be

deployed in the nonexistence of permanent infrastructure . Mobile ad hoc network offers quick

and horizontal network deployment in conditions where it is not possible otherwise. Ad-hoc is a

Latin word, which means "for this or for this only."


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Mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless

links; each node operates as an end system and a router for all other nodes in the network. This

type of wireless network is a growing new technology that will allow users to access services and

information electronically, irrespective of their geographic position.

Before going further in mobile ad hoc wireless network, lets get known about the

wireless technology in general. Wireless networks can be classified in two types: - infrastructure

network and infrastructure less (ad hoc) networks. Infrastructure network consists of a network

with fixed and wired gateways. A mobile host interacts with a bridge in the network (called base

station) within its communication radius. The mobile unit can move geographically while it is

communicating. When it goes out of range of one base station, it connects with new base station

and starts communicating through it. This is called handoff. In this approach the base stations are

fixed. This property makes these networks highly robust but lacks of mobility due to the need of

the fixed infrastructures.

While an infrastructure less network, commonly known as ad hoc network, is a network that

have no fixed routers; all nodes are capable of movement and can be dynamically in an arbitrary

manner. Nodes on these networks function as routers which discover and maintain routes to

other nodes in the network.

To drive the data in form of packet through the network, a routing algorithm or also called

routing protocol is needed. Numerous protocols have been developed for ad hoc mobile network.

Such protocols must deal with the typical limitations of these networks, which include high

power consumption, low bandwidth, and high error rates. So, by using Network Simulator 2

(NS-2), it can be used as a tool to simulate a newly introduced protocol by C. A. T. H. Tee, A.

Lee specially formulated for the G2- Telematics project, called Junction Based Adaptive

Reactive Routing (JARR) for VANET In City Environments.


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1.2 Current Progress

- Familiarize with NS-2 and MITSIM Software.

- Doing literature review regarding the G2 Telematics especially in implementing JARR wireless

protocol in the simulation.

1.3 Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) At A Glance

Network Simulator (Version 2), widely known as NS-2, is simply an event-driven

simulation tool that has proved useful in studying the dynamic nature of communication

networks . Simulation of wired as well as wireless network functions and protocols (e.g., routing

algorithms, TCP, UDP) can be done using NS-2. In general, NS-2 provides users with a way of

specifying such network protocols and simulating their corresponding behaviors.

Due to its flexibility and modular nature, NS-2 has gained constant popularity in the

networking research community since its birth in 1989. Ever since, several revolutions and

revisions have marked the growing maturity of the tool, thanks to substantial contributions

from the players in the field. Among these are the University of California and Cornell

University who developed the REAL network simulator, the foundation on which NS is

invented. Since 1995 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) supported

the development of NS through the Virtual InterNetwork Testbed (VINT) project .

Currently the National Science Foundation (NSF) has joined the ride in development.

Last but not the least, the group of researchers and developers in the community are constantly

working to keep NS2 strong and versatile.


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1.4 Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) Component


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1.5 NAM SIMULATION EXAMPLE : COMPARISON BETWEEN AODV AND DSR

WIRELES AD-HOC NETWORK PROTOCOL DURING HIGH NETWORK MOBILITY

AND HIGH NODE

AODV DSR

INITIAL TIME

INTERMEDIATE TIME

END TIME


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1.6 EXAMPLE OF TCL CODES FOR NS-2


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G2 Telematics Progress Report (Abd Hakim Bin Mohtar)