g1 Theory of Machines Experiments

[1]Electr. table unit with integrated torquemeasurement for providing drive to experiments[2]Electronically regulated, floating bearing DCmotor with thyristor control, nominal rating0.2kW, nominal moment 0.58Nm[3]Electron. speed measurement, digital display[4]Torque measurement using spring balance[5]Power supply 230V, 50Hz

• Regulated DC motor with thyristor drive• Motor in floating bearings for torque measurement

This universal unit is used to provide drive to experiments. It can be used toadvantage wherever the simultaneous measurement of rotational speed, torqueand power is required, e.g., on pump test stands, gearbox test stands, or fantest stands. The unit has a speed regulated DC motor for clockwise andanticlockwise rotation, this is set up as a floating machine. A spring balancefacilitates the measurement of torque. The control unit contains thyristors forswitching the motor and has a digital speed display. The unit is designed as atable unit in respect of its size.

• The unit can be used for all experiments that require drive with thesimultaneous measurement of speed, moment and power- Drive and control technology- Gearing- Work machines

DC motor, nominal rating: 0.2kWNominal torque: 0.58NmRotational speed: 0...3000rpm, regulatedPower supply: 230V , ~50Hz

Total weight: 14kg, motor: 400 x 180 x 210 mmControl unit: 310 x 300 x 110 mm

031.10000 AT 100 Universal Drive Unit

1 drive unit, 1 instruction manual

Specification

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Dimensions and weight

UNIVERSAL DRIVE UNITAT 100

G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, P.O.Box 1125, D-22881 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40)670854-0, Fax +49 (40)670854-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.deWe reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications.

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[1]Table system for the determination of themechanical efficiency of gears[2]1 two stage spur gear unit 15:1,1 worm gear unit 15:1[3]Regulated DC drive motor, 0.2kW,0...3000rpm with torque measurement[4]Magnetic brake 0...10Nm[5]Anodised aluminium section frame

• Investigations on the efficiency of gears on industrial drivecomponents

This table unit represents a complete test set-up for the investigation of themechanical efficiency of gears. The unit consists of the AT 100 electronicallyregulated drive unit, which is included, and a magnetic brake. The constantbraking effect can be very finely adjusted, it can thus be used as a definableload. A two stage spur gear unit and a worm gear unit form the basis of theexperiments. Both gearboxes are commercially available industrial components.Their characteristics are matched to the performance of the drive unit. Thecomponents are installed on a sturdy frame made of aluminium section, thisfacilitates rapid and easy changes to the set-up.

• Measurement of the mechanical efficiency of gearboxes through the com-parison of mechanical input and output power- Spur gear unit, two stage- Worm gear unit

Regulated DC drive motor: 0.2kW, 0...3000rpmMagnetic brake: 0...10NmTwo stage spur gear unit: 15:1Worm gear unit: 15:1

l x w x h : 1100 x 550 x 180 mmWeight : approx. 45 kg

031.20000 AT 200 Apparatus for Deter-mination of Gear Efficiency

1 experimental unit, 2 experimental gear units,1 drive unit, 1 instruction manual

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APPARATUS FOR DETERMINATION OF GEAR EFFICIENCYAT 200


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• Determine the speed-torque characteristiccurve of electric drive motors of less than1kW- Three-phase motor, for single-phase op-eration with Steinmetz wiring- single-phase motor with starting capacitor- split-pole motor- universal motor

• Measurement of motor power• Determining motor efficiency• Current consumption of the investigated

motor depending of the loading torque

An important system component in most areasof engineering is formed by electrical drive units.They are available in such variety and suchnumbers that it is scarcely possible to avoid theneed for knowledge of the basic principles ofsmall electrical drives. AT 300 enables to be-come familiar with various types of small electricmotors, and to investigate their electrical andmechanical behaviour under load. Four differentmotors are provided. They are loaded via anadjustable belt brake. The braking force is di-rectly indicated by a mechanical force transducer(spring balance). An optical sensor measuresthe speed. The relationship between current andloading torque is shown by an ammeter. Theexchange of the experimental motors is uncom-plicated and can be done by hand. Due to thesimple assembly, tools are not required. Electricconnections of motor and switch board arerealized with laboratory cables. The unit is ex-cellently suited to student experiments.

• Determination of brake characteristic curve of four differentelectric motors

• Motor load via belt brake• Extensive instrumentation• Quick exchange of experimental motors due to

uncomplicated manual assembly

Experiments


AT 300 THEORY OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

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230V, ~50Hz

1 trainer, completely assembled,1 split-polemotor, 1 universal motor, 1 single-phase motorwith starting capacitor, 1 three-phase motor,1 set of cables, 1 instruction manual

[1]Mobile bench to determine brake character-istic curves of electric motors[2]3-phase motor wired according to Steinmetz,1-phase motor with starting capacitor, split-polemotor, universal motor[3]Quick assembly of experimental motorswithout tools due to individual base plates forevery motor[4]Voltmeter,ammeter, power meter, tachometer[5]Belt drum brake unit with 2 different springbalances: 100N, graduation 1N; 200N, grad. 4N[6]Circuit diagram printed on switch panel[7] lxwxh 900x700x1700mm, 85kg[8]230, ~50Hz

031.30000 AT 300 Theory of Electric Motors

1 experimental motors, 2 optical speed sensor, 3 belt braking device with spring balance,4 switch panel with circuit diagram, 5 digital speed display, 6 power meter, 7 voltmeter,8 ammeter


3-phase motor 1: 550W, 2810rpmSplit-pole motor: 110W, 1300rpmMotor with starting capacitor: 550W, 2830rpmUniversal shunt motor: 190W, 9000rpmVoltmeter: 0...250V ±1.5%Ammeter: 0...15ACurrent overload indicator: 30A ±1.5%Power meter: 0...1000W ±1.5%Tachometer: 0...15000rpmSpring balance 1: 100N, graduation 1NSpring balance 2: 200N, graduation 4N


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THEORY OF ELECTRIC MOTORSAT 300

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GL 110 Cam Mechanism

* Demonstration and measurement of the displacement curves for cam mechanisms1 * Rapid part changing without tool

Technical DescriptionCam mechanisms are used in many areas of technology, such as for valve control in combustion engines. The simple experimental set-up permits quick demonstration of the action principle, and can be used to demonstrate the influence of different cam shapes. The cam follower can work either as a roller tappet, cup tappet, or trailing lever. The stroke is measured using a mechanical position measurement gauge. A scaled disk indicates the associated angle of rotation. The well-structured instructional material outlines the fundamentals of cam theory and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Displacement curves for cam mechanisms + arc/tangent/concave/asymmetric cam + choice of roller tappet, cup tappet or trailing lever

Specification[1] Action principle of cam mechanisms [2] 4 different cams: arc/tangent/concave/asymmetric cam [3] Roller tappet, cup tappet and trailing lever [4] Angled scale 0...360°, D=100mm [5] Dial gauge D=58mm [6] Cams and tappets easy to change, without use of tools

Technical DataAngle scale: - 0...360° - graduations: 1° Dial gauge for displacement: - 0...30mm - graduations: 0.01mm

Dimensions and Weightl x w x h : 160 x 160 x 260 mm Weight : 7 kg

Scope of Delivery1 cam mechanism experimentation unit 4 cams 3 cam tracers 1 dial gauge 1 set of instructional material

Order details

030.11000 GL 110 Cam Mechanism

G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Fahrenberg 14, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications.

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GL 112 Cam Analysis Apparatus

* 4 different cams, 2 different tracers1 * Influence of spring rigidity and moving mass1 * Plotting of lift curves1 * Excellent observation of movement process

Technical DescriptionThe GL 112 allows the dynamic investigation of cam mechanisms, as used in motors for actuation of the valves. The cam mechanism consists of 4 interchangeable cam plates and 2 different tracers. A mass and a spring are used to simulate the valve. In order to demonstrate the so-called "valve wobble", the spring rate, mass and speed are adjustable within broad limits. A plotter allows the actual lift curves to be recorded. The open design allows the observation of every detail of the movement process. A stroboscope (not supplied) can be used to provide a particularly impressive view of the movement process and lift. The unit is intended for demonstration purposes in technical education. It is not suitable for use as a test stand for fatigue testing.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Comparison of different cam forms - Lift curves for non-matching tracer - Lift curve for skipping tracer - Determination of limit speed and comparison with theory - Influence of moving mass - Influence of restoring spring rigidity


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GL 112 Cam Analysis Apparatus

1 emergency stop button, 2 interchangeable cams, 3 plotting spring, 4 spring, 5 mass plates, 6 flywheel mass, 7 plotting drum, 8 drive motor

Specification[1] Benchtop unit for investigation of cam mechanisms[2] 4 cams: tangent, hollow cam, 2 circular cams with different head radius [3] Tappet with 2 different tracers: flat or roller tappet [4] 3 interchangeable restoring springs [5] Electric motor with speed control [6] Moving mass with can be lifted with 5 additional weights; attached to tappet [7] Mechanical drum plotter with plotting spring and coated paper [8] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph.

Technical DataThree-phase asynchronous motor with frequency converter: - power: 250W - speed: 60…670rpm Cams: - 15mm lift - opening angle: 140° Spring rigidity: - hard: 5026N/m - medium: 2601N/m - soft: 613N/m Masses: - additional weight: 200g - tappet: 530g - flat tappet: 93g - roller: 20g Plotter: synchronous belt drive Optical speed sensor

Dimensions and Weightl x w x h : 800 x 435 x 440 mm Weight : approx. 50 kg

Connections230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase

Scope of Delivery1 unit, 4 cams, 2 tracer, 3 restoring springs, 3 blocks of plotter paper, 1 combination wrench, 1 hexagon screwdriver, short, 1 instruction manual

Order details

030.11200 GL 112 Cam Analysis Apparatus


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[1]Fully functional table demonstration unit of aconventional lathe gear unit[2]Primary gear unit, change gear unit, tumblergear unit and quick change gear unit[3]Recording of the feed on paper using a plot-ter drum on the primary spindle[4]Operation via hand crank[5]Optimal demonstration dueto open construction

• Hazard-free and clear demonstration of function of the gearson a lathe

This clearly laid out gear model has all the key features and properties of aworkshop lathe. As the functional elements are open to view, all the functions ofthe gears can be clearly observed. On this model, the motor drive is replaced bya hand wheel with a disc and scale. The action of the gears is thus slow andcompletely hazard-free. A removable plotter drum simulates the work piece, aplotter pen replaces the cutting tool. All experiments are easy to repeat and offera wider range of variations.

• Investigation of all the key gear functions on a lathe- Primary gear unit, change gear unit- Tumbler gear unit- Feed gear unit (tumbler lever)

Primary spindle speed steps: 9Feed gear steps: 7


030.20000 GL 200 Demonstrator for LatheGearing Layout

1 lathe gear model, 1 instruction manual

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DEMONSTRATOR FOR LATHE GEARING LAYOUTGL 200


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This unit consist of a 3-stage spur gear unit with 4 shafts. Oneand two stage gear units can thus also be realised. Each shaftcan be equipped with an additional flywheel mass to increase theangular inertia. The gears are driven using a cable drum and avariable set of weights that are lifted using a removable crank.Unwinding is prevented by a safety catch, a clamping rollerfreewheeling hub prevents undesired coiling of the cable. Theweight is arrested by a receptacle with an impact attenuatinginsert. A hand brake facilitates gentle braking. The transparentprotective cover prevents unintentional contact with the rotatingparts. All four shafts are fitted with inductive sensors for meas-uring the speed. A chart recorder is used to record speed-timediagrams from which the angular acceleration can read.

• Determination of the angular acceleration of the gear unit• Mass moment of inertia of the gear unit• Determination of the friction• Gear efficiency

• Investigation of the dynamics of rotation of 1, 2 and 3stage spur gear units

• Inductive angular speed sensors• Chart recorder for speed-time diagrams for determining

the angular acceleration• Ball bearing mounted shafts, sturdy steel tube support

Experiments


GL 210 GEARED SYSTEM APPARATUS


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1 drive gears, 2 flywheel masses, 3 inductive speed sensor, 4 cable drum, 5 hand crank, 6 set ofweights, 7 arrestor, 8 steel tube support, 9 brake with hand lever, 10 lock

[1]Laboratory unit for investigating the dynamicbehaviour of 1, 2 and 3 stage spur gear units[2]Transmission ratio per stage i = 4:1[3]Total transmission ratio i = 64:1[4]Drive weight 5...50kg[5]Fall height max. 0.65m[6]Manual winding using crank[7]All shafts mounted in ball bearings[8] Inductive speed sensors on the pinion gears[9]Chart recorder for speed-time diagrams,paper feed 7200mm/h[10] Transparent plastic protective cover[11] Sturdy steel tube support

Number of shafts: 4Transmission ratio per stage: i = 4:1Total transmission ratio: i = 64:1Gear width: 16mm, modulus 2Drive weight: 5...50kgFall height: max. 0.65mChart width: 100mmPaper feed: 7200mm/hSpeed range: 0...2000rpmInductive speed sensors

Chart recorder: 230V , ~50Hz

1 gear system analysis unit, complete,1 instruction manual

030.21000 GL 210 Geared System Apparatus

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GEARED SYSTEM APPARATUSGL 210

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GL 212 consists of 2 identical epicyclic gear stages with 3 planetwheels each. They are coupled in a way that the ring gear of thefirst stage is connected to the planet carrier of the second stage.Up to 4 different transmission ratios can be realised by blockingsingle wheels. The gears are driven using a cable drum and avariable set of weights that are lifted using a removable crank.Unwinding is prevented by a detent pawl. To determine effectivetorque, the deflection of a bending beam is used to measureforces. The speeds of the stages are measured by inductivesensors and can be recorded as speed-time diagram using achart recorder. Effective moments of inertia are determined viaangular acceleration. A transparent safety cover prevents unin-tentional contact with rotating parts.

• Determination of transmission ratios at blocked gear• Determination of transmitted forces at blocked gear• Gear acceleration at constant driving torque• Influence of transmission ratio• Determination of reduced moment of inertia• Conversion of potential into kinetic energy• Determination of friction• Gear efficiency

• Investigation of rotational dynamics of a two-stage epicyclic gear

• Inductive speed sensors• Chart recorder for speed-time diagrams to

determine the angular acceleration

Experiments


GL 212 TWO-STAGE EPICYCLIC GEAR APPARATUS


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1 set of drive weight s, 2 chart recorder, 3 sensor selector switch, 4 platform to operate crank,5 holder for drive weight, 6 set of weight to measure transmission ratios, 7 force measurement fortorque determination, 8 plug for sensor connection, 9 crank handle for weight lifting

[1] Study of dynamic behaviour of a two-stageepicyclic gear[2] 4 different gear transmissions possible[3] Drive via cable drum with free-wheel, unwind-ing prevented by a detent pawl[4] Drive weight 5...50kg[5] Holder (container) with a shock absorbing inletto collect the drive weight[6] Inductive speed sensors[7] Force measurement via bending beam[8] Chart recorder for speed-time diagrams, paperfeed 7200mm/h[9] Transparent plastic safety cover[10] 230V, ~50Hz

Gear, modulus: 2, sun wheels, planet wheels:z=24, d-reference circle: 48mm, ring gears:z=72, d-reference circle: 144mmDrive: cable drum with free-wheel and weights,max. potential energy stored: 245.3NmLoad at stand still: weight for torque measure-ment at bending beam: 5...70NDial gauges: accuracy 0.02mmChart recorder: chart width: 100mm, paper feed:7200mm/h, speed range: 0...2000rpm

230V, ~50Hz

1 apparatus, complete,1 instruction manual

030.21200 GL 212 Two-Stage Epicyclic GearApparatus

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TWO-STAGE EPICYCLIC GEAR APPARATUSGL 212

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GL 410 Gear Assembly Unit: Simple Drives

* Flexible and robust assembly system for mechanical drive systems1 * Practical orientation based on use of standard components1 * Quick and easy assembly with no jigs and fixtures, just simple tools1 * Safe drive with hand crank1 * Comprehensive well-structured instructional material

Technical DescriptionThis laboratory system is used to introduce the basics of gearing and the correct method of assembling drive elements. The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with 6 different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system. GUNT offers three assembly kits in this product series, each focussing on different aspects: GL 410, GL 420 and GL 430. Each kit is used entirely independently of the other kits within the series.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Familiarisation with key components of mechanical drive systems - Basic types of drive: + simple belt drive + simple chain drive + simple spur gear drive + bevel gear drive + worm gear drive + rack drive - Calculations on mechanical drives - Practical set-up of various drives, linked to simple configuration and alignment exercises - Reading and understanding engineering drawings, familiarisation with technical terminology


Page 1/209/2006

GL 410 Gear Assembly Unit: Simple Drives

1 worm gear, 2 spur gear, 3 bevel gear set, 4 Square steel tube frame

Mode of operation of a belt drive: 1 loose side, 2 slide rail with bolts, 3 angle of contact, 4 drive, 5 load side, 6 power take-off

Specification[1] Demonstration and experimentation kit for assembling single drives [2] Simple belt drive [3] Simple chain drive [4] Simple spur gear drive [5] Bevel gear drive [6] Worm gear drive [7] Rack drive [8] Hand operation with crank [9] Usage of standard industrial parts [10] Solid universal frame manufactured from square steel tube

Technical DataToothed belt pulleys: z=30, 60 Chain sprockets: z=20, 30, DIN 8192 ISO 10B-1 Spur gears: z=30, 60, m=2mm Bevel gear pair: z=30, m=3mm, i=1, angle between axes 90°

Dimensions and Weightl x w x h : 1000 x 500 x 500 mm (assembled frame) Weight : approx. 69 kg

Scope of Delivery1 base frame 1 crossbar 4x bearing block, single 1 bearing block, double 1 set of drive elements, consisting of: - 2 toothed belt pulleys - toothed belt - 2 chain sprockets - roller chain - 2 gear wheels - bevel gear set - worm gear - bored worm - rack - 2x fixing block with guide bush - shaft - 2 shafts with square shaft end - hand crank - set of small items (bolts, spacer bushes, clamp rings, reducer bushes, shaft nuts, featherkeys) 1 set of assembly tools 1 storage case 1 set of instructional material, consisting of: - technical description of system, complete set of drawings with individual parts and parts list, description of assembly processes, specimen calculations

Order details

030.41000 GL 410 Gear Assembly Unit: Simple Drives


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GL 420 Gear Assembly Unit: Combined Drives


Technical DescriptionThis laboratory system is used to introduce combined drives and their correct assembly. The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with 6 different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system. GUNT offers three kits in this product series, each focussing on different aspects: GL 410, GL 420 and GL 430. Each kit is used entirely independently of the other kits within the series.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Familiarisation with key components and types of mechanical drive systems + dual belt drive + chain drive with tensioning sprocket and spur gear transmission + dual spur gear drive + combined bevel gear and spur gear drive + combined worm and bevel gear drive + rack drive with spur gear drive - Calculations on mechanical drives - Practical set-up of various drives, linked to simple configuration and alignment exercises - Reading and understanding engineering drawings, familiarisation with technical terminology


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GL 420 Gear Assembly Unit: Combined Drives

1 two-stage spur gear drive, 2 combined spur gear - bevel gear drive, 3 base frame

Bevel gear stage

Specification[1] Demonstration and experimental kit for laying out and assembling multiple and combined drives [2] Dual belt drive [3] Chain drive with tensioning sprocket and spur gear transmission [4] Dual spur gear drive [5] Combined bevel gear and spur gear drive [6] Combined worm gear and bevel gear drive [7] Rack drive with spur gear drive [8] Hand operation with crank [9] Usage of standard industrial parts [10] Solid universal frame manufactured from square steel tube

Technical DataToothed belt pulleys: z=30, 32, 48, 60 Chain sprockets: z=20, 30, DIN 8192 ISO 10B-1 Gears: z=30, 36, 50, 60, m=2mm Bevel gear pair: z=30, m=3mm, i=1, angle between axes 90°


Scope of Delivery1 base frame 2x crossbars 8x bearing block, single 1 bearing block, double 1 set of drive elements, consisting of: - 4 toothed belt pulleys - 2 toothed belts - 2 sprockets - roller chain - 4 gear wheels - 2x mitre gear set - worm gear - bored worm - rack - 2x fixing block with guide bush - shaft -3 shafts with square shaft end - hand crank - set of small items (bolts, nuts, washers, spacer bushes, clamp rings, reducer bushes, featherkeys, etc.) 1 set of assembly tools 1 storage case 1 set of instructional material, consisting of: - technical description of system, complete set of drawings with individual parts and parts list, description of assembly processes, specimen calculations

Order details

030.42000 GL 420 Gear Assembly Unit: Combined Drives


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GL 430 Gear Assembly Unit: Step and Shift Gears


Technical DescriptionThis laboratory system is used to familiarise students with the design and correct assembly of step and shift gears. The programme of exercises enables familiarisation with 6 different drive implementation and analysis methods: understanding the brief and the drawing, assembly, setting, adjusting, testing, and making calculations. The flexibility of the set-up and the modularity of the components simplifies experimentation and implementation of the students' own ideas. A robust tubular steel frame with a square profile and bearing elements provide the accuracy for the setting of precise gearing. All the system components are kept ready to hand and well protected in a housing system. The multi-step and shift gears in GL 430 are based on those of a conventional lathe. The step gear unit is very similar to the primary drive on a pillar drill.

GUNT offers three kits in this product series, each focussing on different aspects: GL 410, GL 420 and GL 430. Each kit is used entirely independently of the other kits within the series.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Familiarisation with key components and types of mechanical drive systems + cone pulley drive + sliding gear unit + quick change gear unit + tumbler gear unit + change gear train + cam box (drop worm) - Calculations on mechanical drives - Practical set-up of various drives, linked to simple configuration and alignment exercises - Reading and understanding engineering drawings, familiarisation with technical terminology


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GL 430 Gear Assembly Unit: Step and Shift Gears

1 spur gear, 2 worm gear, 3 quick change gear, 4 change gear train, 5 base frame

Worm gear unit

Specification[1] Demonstration and experimental kit for laying out and assembling 6 different step and shift gear units [2] Cone pulley drive [3] Sliding gear drive [4] Quick change gear [5] Tumbler gear [6] Change gear train [7] Cam box (drop worm) [8] Hand operation with crank [9] Usage of standard industrial parts [10] Solid universal frame manufactured from square steel tube

Technical DataSpur gears: - z=24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 50, 60, 76, 80, 95 - m=2mm Worm drive: - worm: z=6 - worm gear wheel: z=62, m=3.15mm


Scope of Delivery1 base frame 1 crossbar 8x bearing block, single, 1x bearing block, double: 1x pendulum ball bearing, 1x drop worm 1 set of drive elements, consisting of: - 6 V-belt pulleys, 1 V-belt - worm gear, bored worm - 10 gear wheels - swing lever, reversing lever, gear change mechanism - 3x bearing flange - change gear axle - 3x shaft - 2 shafts with square shaft end - hand crank, 4 handles - set of small items (bolts, nuts, washers, spacer bushes, clamp rings, reducer bushes, featherkeys, pressure springs, ball bearings, pins etc.) 1 set of assembly tools 1 storage case 1 set of instructional material, consisting of: - technical description of system, complete set of drawings with individual parts and parts list, description of assembly processes, specimen calculations

Order Details

030.43000 GL 430 Gear Assembly Unit: Step and Shift Gears


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TM 220 Belt Friction Apparatus

* Friction of V-belts and flat belts on metal pulleys

Technical DescriptionThis table unit enables experiments to be performed on belt drives and belt friction. The core of the unit is a cast iron pulley with grooves in its circumference for V-belts and flat belts. The pulley is mounted in ball bearings and is operated with a hand crank. The inertia of the pulley contributes to even rotation. The belts grip the pulley at an angle of contact from 30° to 180° in 15° steps. Two spring balances measure the tensile forces at each end of the belt. The belt tension can be precisely adjusted using a threaded spindle.

Learning objectives / Experiments- Influence of angle of contact, coefficient of friction and belt force (Eytelwein's rope friction formula) - Comparison flat belts - V-belts - Consequences of an incorrectly aligned belt

Specification[1] Experiment on belt friction and belt drives [2] Portable benchtop unit with metal stand [3] 2 flat belts, 1 V-belt, and 1 round belt [4] Ball bearing mounted belt pulley with three different belt grooves [5] Angle of contact of the belts 30°...180°, graduations 15° [6] Force measurement using 2 spring balances [7] l x w x h 700x350x1050mm

Technical DataFlat belt: - 15x2.2mm, leather/polyamide - 15x0.6mm, polyamide V-belt: - ISO 4184 - - profile: SPZ - 9.7x8.0mm, rubber/fabric Round belt: 3mm, hemp Belt pulley: - D=300mm - material: cast iron Dynamometer: 100N ±1N, spring balance

Dimensions and weightl x w x h : 700 x 350 x 1050 mm Weight : approx. 47 kg

Scope of Delivery1 stand 2 flat belt 1 round belt 1 V-belt 2 dynamometers 1 instruction manual

Order details

040.22000 TM 220 Belt Friction Apparatus


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[1]Experiment on the friction of axial bearings[2]Bearing material: steel, bronze, PA (nylon),POM (Delrin), PTFE (Teflon) grooved axial ballbearings of type 51206[3]Bearing cone angle: 60°, 120°, 180° (flat)[4]Pulley diameter 200mm[5]Additional weight set: 10N, 20N[6] l x w x h 400x400x300mm

• Friction experiments on axial bearings with steel, bronzeand several plastics as the bearing material

This table unit is used to perform comparative experiments on friction in axialbearings. Various bearing journals are bolted to the bottom end of a verticalshaft and combined with bearing housings of different shapes. Different materi-als enable the influence of the choice of materials to be investigated. The top ofthe shaft is fitted with a pulley made of anodised aluminium; torque is appliedhere using a rope and spring balance. The torque can be measured over therange 0...10N. Weights are placed on the pulley to adjust the axial load. The unitis operated by hand and does not require a power supply. Clips are fitted to thebase plate for storing all the individual parts.

• Bearing friction as a function of the choice of materials• Bearing friction as a function of the cone angle• Comparison of plain bearings with rolling contact bearings

Bearing material: steel, bronze, PA (nylon), POM(Delrin), PTFE (Teflon) grooved axial ball bear-ings of type 51206Bearing cone angle: 60°, 120°, 180° (flat)Additional loading weights: 10N, 20N


040.23000 TM 230 Pivot Friction Apparatus

1 support with bearings, 2 weights,1 spring balance, 1 instruction manual

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PIVOT FRICTION APPARATUSTM 230


09/20021/1Page

[1] Experiment on the friction forces in a drum brakewith leading and trailing shoes[2] Direct comparison of braking and peripheralforces[3] Usage of an industrial brake shoe[4] Brake drum mounted on ball bearings id 180mm,od 190mm, anodised aluminium[5] Set of weights, 2x to 20N, steel, galvanised[6] Brake cams mounted in ball bearings[7] l x w x h 340x160x280mm

• Demonstration of a drum brake with leading and trailingshoes

The table unit is used for investigating a drum brake. The objective is to deter-mine the coefficient of friction. A ball bearing mounted anodised aluminiumdrum is driven by a rope around its circumference loaded with weights. A fur-ther weight operates the ball bearing mounted eccentric cams via a rope andthus the brake shoes in the drum. A direct comparison of braking force to driv-ing peripheral force is thus possible. The difference between a leading andtrailing brake can be simply demonstrated by reversing the direction of rotation.

• Determination of the friction force generated by a drum brake:- Leading- Trailing

Brake drum: id 180mm, od 190mmBrake shoes: industrial automotive accessorySet of weights: 2x up to 20N


040.23600 TM 236 Drum Brake FrictionApparatus

1 complete friction measurement apparatus,2 sets of weights, 1 instruction manual

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DRUM BRAKE FRICTION APPARATUSTM 236


09/20021/1Page

The trainer enables different sliding and rolling friction cases tobe investigated. The parameters of a tribological system can beassessed during this process. The drive module is the basis forexperiments with a range of accessories. The unit consists of asturdy frame made of anodised aluminium section. Rubber feetensure that the table unit does not slip. The individual accessorymodules are driven using a DC drive motor. The motor is con-nected to the controller. The rotational speed can be continu-ously and finely adjusted using a 10-turn potentiometer. Thespeed is regulated electronically and displayed digitally. Frictionforces are measured using strain gauge transducers. The con-troller processes this data and displays it digitally. Snap-actionfasteners for fixing the accessory modules to the frame simplifythe rapid assembly and disassembly of the experiments.

The following experiments can be performed with the basicmodule when fitted with the appropriate accessory:• Combined rolling and sliding friction of two discs with slip• Elastohydrodynamic behaviour, EHD, rolling friction of a

spherical object against a flat surface• Abrasion testing: pin against a disc• Abrasion testing: abrasive disc experiment• Friction vibration and "stick-slip" effects• Distribution of pressure in plain bearings

• Drive module for investigating various slidingand rolling friction cases

• Electronic measurement of the contact pressurebetween the friction materials using straingauges

• Modular overall concept

Experiments


TM 260 TRIBOLOGY TRAINER BASIC MODULE


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l x w x h : 500 x 450 x 200 mmWeight : approx. 16 kgControl housing l x w x h : 370 x 270 x 190 mm

1 swivel unit for the drive, 2 gearbox, 3 DC motor, 4 module plate, 5 snap-action fastener, 6 baseframe, 7 controller, 8 rotational speed display, 9 force display

[1] Basic module for experiments on tribologicalsystems[2] Base frame made of anodised aluminium profile[3] Modular layout as table unit[4] Rapid assembly due to special fasteners[5] Swivelling drive consisting of DC motor andworm drive 15:1[6] Operating speed: 0...200rpm, continuous, elec-tronically controlled, 8-digit speed display[7] Force measurement using strain gauges,0...50N, 3½-digit digital display[8] Incremental encoder: number of pulses 6/360°[9] Control housing L x w x h 370x270x190mm[10] l x w x h 500x450x200mm

DC motor: 24VNominal speed: 3000rpmTorque: 18.5NmWorm drive: ratio 15:1Operating speed: 0 ... 200rpm, electronicallycontrolledSpeed display, 8-digitIncremental encoder: number of pulses 6/360°Force measurement using strain gauges,0...50N, display 3½-digit, digital

230V , ~50Hz

1 base frame, 1 motor with gearbox,1 controller, 1 instruction manual

040.26000 TM 260 Tribology Trainer BasicModule

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TRIBOLOGY TRAINER BASIC MODULETM 260

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040.26001 TM 260.01 Experimental Module Rolling / Sliding Disc040.26002 TM 260.02 Experimental Module Optical Elastohydrodynamics040.26003 TM 260.03 Experimental Module Pin on Disc040.26004 TM 260.04 Experimental Module Slip / Stick & Friction Vibration040.26005 TM 260.05 Experimental Module Block on Ring Friction040.26006 TM 260.06 Experimental Module Journal Bearing Pressure Distribution

Available AccessoriesOrdertextProduct no.

TM 260 TRIBOLOGY TRAINER BASIC MODULE

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09/2002

[1] Table experiment for demonstrating Hertziancontact[2] Pressure pad made of silicone rubber, Shore 60[3] Transparent plastic pressure plate[4] Dynamometer spring balance 0...25N,graduations 0.5N[5] Optimal illumination of the contact area usinghalogen light from the side[6] Sturdy metal chassis with rubber feet[7] l x w x h 400x400x530mm

• Contact area particularly easy to see due to use oftransparent plastic with silicone rubber

The objective of the unit is to demonstrate the characteristics of the contact areaproduced with Hertzian contact. A pressure pad made of silicone rubber can bepressed against a transparent plastic plate in a defined manner using a lever.Due to the double contour on the plate and the single contour on the pressurepad, both cross-shaped and elliptical contact areas can be produced. The con-tact force can be measured with the aid of a spring balance. A halogen lampilluminates the experiment from the side, this makes the contact area easy tosee. The table unit is of metal construction.

• Characteristics of the contact area on point contact with varying contourradii

• Characteristics of the contact area as a function of the contact force• Influence of an additional transverse component in the contact force

Spring balance: 0...25N, graduations 0.5NPressure pad: SILASTIC 3120, 60 ShoreHalogen lamp: 12V, 20W


040.26200 TM 262 Hertzian ContactApparatus

1 complete experimental apparatus,1 instruction manual

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HERTZIAN CONTACT APPARATUSTM 262


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• Relocation of the shaft journals in relation tospeed

• Pressure distribution in the bearing withconstant load and at various speeds

• Critical speed in relation to load• Critical speed and viscosity in relation to oil

temperature

The journal bearing apparatus for investigatingthe distribution of pressure in slide bearings TM280 illustrates the principle of hydrodynamiclubrication. The distribution of pressure and thecarrying capacity can be determined on a slidingbearing model at different bearing loads andspeeds. The sliding bearing consists of a bearingjournal driven by an electrical motor and thefreely moving bearing housing. The bearing isloaded with different, interchangeable weights.In order to view the shifting of the bearing jour-nal in operation as clearly as possible, the modelhas a large gap and a transparent housing. Boththe radial and axial distribution of pressure canbe recorded in the bearing gap at 12 measuringpoints around its perimeter and four along thelength. The measurements are shown by meansof 16 tube manometers mounted on a board.The system is mounted on a rolling support andis well suited for demonstration as well as foruse in laboratory experiments.

• Function visible through transparent bearing housing• Clear illustration of the radial and axial pressure distribution

in a slide bearing• Instability with slide bearings

Experiments


TM 280 JOURNAL BEARING APPARATUS

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230V , ~50Hz

1 experimental unit with bearing housing onmobile support, 1 display panel with 16 plastictubes and oil tank, 1 speed control unit,1 experiment instructions

[1] Demonstration and experimental apparatus forexamining pressure distribution in sliding bearings[2] Bearing housing, completely transparent andmovable on rotating bearing journals[3] Bearing diameter Ø51mm, gap 4mm[4] Bearing load up to 16N[5] Display of radial and axial pressure distributionwith 16 plastic tube manometers, display panel,detachable for transport[6] Oil viscosity class ISO VG 100[7] Speed smoothly adjustable up to 3000rpm,electronically controlled, digital display[8] Experiment mounted on rolling support[9] l x w x h 1000x750x2650mm

040.28000 TM 280 Journal Bearing Apparatus

1 measuring points for axial pressure levels (4 pcs.), 2 transparent bearing housing, 3 bearingjournal, 4 measuring point for radial pressure levels (12 pcs.), 5 load, 6 lock, 7 bellows, 8 drivemotor


Nom. bearing diameter: Ø51mmBearing gap: 4mmBearing width: 75mmBearing load: 6.7 ... 16.7NMotor output: 0.37kWMax. speed: 3000rpmLength of manometer tubes: 1770mmOil viscosity class: ISO VG 100Total oil volume: 3.5lSet of weights: up to 10N


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JOURNAL BEARING APPARATUSTM 280

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TM 282 Journal Bearing Friction Apparatus

* Learning the fundamentals of hydrodynamic lubrication by experimentation1 * Journal bearing friction1 * Control unit with electronic speed control and digital display of speed and lubricant temperature

Technical DescriptionThe basic tribological phenomena of journal bearings can be investigated using this unit. The journal bearing to be investigated consists of a stainless steel bearing journal and the free-moving gunmetal bearing housing. A three-phase AC motor with a frequency converter for speed control serves as the drive. A lever with a sliding weight attached to it is connected to the bearing housing. This enables an external moment to be set corresponding to the friction moment generated in the bearing. Another lever, combined with a set of weights, applies the defined load to the bearing. It is possible to view the bearing journal and the lubrication gap through the transparent cover. Lubricant is supplied by a wick oiler that feeds oil to the shaft via two lubrication channels. A drip tray collects the oil that leaks out. The continuously adjustable speed, as well as the temeperature of the lubricant, is indicated digitally on the control unit. The well-structured instructional material outlines the fundamentals of the theory and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Learning the technological correlations involved in hydrodynamic lubrication by experimentation - Frictional force in a journal bearing dependent on + speed + bearing load + lubricant and lubricant temperature


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TM 282 Journal Bearing Friction Apparatus

1 friction moment measuring lever, 2 sliding weight, 3 bearing housing, 4 wick oiler, 5 drive motor, 6 load lever, 7 control unit, 8 speed display, 9 temperature display, 10 load weight

Mode of operation of a hydrodynamic journal bearing: build-up of a load-bearing oil film at increasing speed

Specification[1] Unit to investigate basic tribological topics [2] Radial journal bearing with stainless steel shaft journal and free-moving bronze bearing shells [3] Three-phase AC motor with frequency converter for speed control [4] Load applied to journal bearing using a mechanical lever, transmission ratio 5:1 [5] Measurement of friction moment acheived through the use of a lever with sliding weight [6] Balance weight to compensate for the intrinsic weight of the measuring set-up [7] Drip lubrication for continuous lubricant supply (wick oiler) [8] Drip tray for leakage oil [9] Inductive speed sensor [10] Thermocouple for oil temperature measurement [11] Control housing with digital displays for oil temperature and speed, also allows speed to be varied[12] l x w x h 600x400x250mm (experimentation unit) [13] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase

Technical DataJournal bearing: - bearing journal diameter: d=30mm - bearing width: 45mm - friction pairing: steel / bronze - bearing load: max. 525N - friction moment: max. 295Nmm Three-phase AC motor: power output: 0.37kW Oil viscosity class: ISO VG 100 Measuring ranges: - temperature: -50...200°C - speed: 0...3000rpm Weights: - 1x 50N, 1x 20N, 2x 10N, 2x 5N, 1x 25N intrinsic weight of load unit - 1x 1N sliding weight

Dimensions and Weightl x w x h : 600 x 400 x 250 mm (experimental unit) l x w x h : 360 x 310 x 160 mm (control unit) Weight : approx. 37 kg

Connections230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase

Scope of Delivery1 experimentation unit 1 set of weights 1 control unit 1 set of instructional material

Order details

040.28200 TM 282 Journal Bearing Friction Apparatus


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• Determination of the coefficient of friction atvarious loads and speeds (also refer andcompare to Stribeck curves)

• Influence of speed, bearing clearance andbearing load on the center of the journal

• Influence of speed, bearing load and lubri-cant on the friction torque

• Locus curve of a journal

The behaviour of a classical journal bearing withhydrodynamic lubrication can be investigatedwith the apparatus TM 290. The experimentalcapability ranges from the measurement offriction torque under load, to determine thepressure distribution in a journal bearing, to plota locus curve of a journal and to determine thebearing attitude for different conditions of loadand speed. The radial load of max. 500N is ad-justed manually with a hand wheel. The drive isan asynchronous motor with frequency con-verter. All variables (speed, load, friction torque,oil supply pressure, oil peak pressure, oil tem-perature, X-displacement, Y-displacement) areindicated on 4-digit displays. Five different jour-nals are used to examine bearing clearance. Xand Y positions are measured using inductivedisplacement sensors. The friction torque ismeasured by means of a lever arm equippedwith an electronic force sensor.

• Measurement of friction torque under load• Pressure distribution in a journal bearing• Locus curve of a journal• Bearing attitude for different conditions of load and speed• Investigating different bearing clearances with journals of a

shaft of different diameters

Experiments


TM 290 HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING APPARATUS

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230V, ~50Hz, other voltage on request

1 apparatus completely mounted with 5 differentjournals of a shaft, 1 single-head wrench SW32,1 set of angular Allan keys, 5ltr motor oil,1 instruction manual

[1]Mobile unit to investigate friction in a hydro-dynamically lubricated journal bearing[2] lxwxh 1000x750x1580mm[2]Journal of a shaft: nominal diameter 50mm,width of bearing shell: 20mm[3]max. radial bearing load: 500N[4]Drive motor: 0.37kW, max. 1500rpm[4]Determination of friction torque with straingauge force sensor and lever arm[5]Electronic sensors and digital displays for:speed, oil temperature, oil pressure (supply andpeak), friction torque, displacement in X- and Y-direction[6]230V, ~50Hz

040.29000 TM 290 Hydrodynamic BearingApparatus

1 hand wheel for axial load, 2 transparent protection cover made of plastics, 3 journal bearinghousing with optical speed sensor, 4 force sensor to determine friction torque, 5 oil pressure line,6 oil tank, 7 oil pump with motor and filter, 8 control elements, 9 digital displays


Journal of a shaft: nominal diameter d: 50mmBearing clearance: 0.035; 0.055; 0.075; 0.095;0.2mmDrive: 3-phase asynchronous motor with fre-quency converter, 0.37kWSpeed: 0...1500rpmSpeed measurement: optical sensorMax. friction torque: 0...1NmMax. radial load: 0...500NOil pressure measurement range: 0...10barOil supply pressure: min. 3barOil temperature measurement with RTD (PT100)Dimensions and weight

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HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING APPARATUSTM 290

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[1] Table-top experiment for determining the threadefficiency of a screw jack[2] Metric thread, Ø36mm, lead 4mm[3] Plate effective diameter: Ø140mm[4] Mech. spring balance, measuring range: 0...5N[5] Additional weights for axial load: 10N and 20N[6] Metal base plate with clips for individual parts[7] lxwxh 300x300x300mm

• Unit for determining thread efficiency

The central element of this unit is a vertical spindle nut combined with a metricthread. A specific torque can be exercised on the spindle thread using a rotatingplate designed as pulley. For this purpose a mechanical spring balance and anylon cord are included with the unit. Additional weights that can be placed onthe plate to enable the axial loading on the thread to be changed. The efficiencyof the thread can be determined from the measured values. The portable appa-ratus is designed for table-top experiments and is equipped with anti-slip feet.Clips are fitted to base plate for all the individual parts.

• Determination of the mechanical advantage of a spindle• Determination of the efficiency of the thread• Determination of the coefficient of friction and comparison of lubricated and

unlubricated spindles

Plate diameter: Ø140mmSpindle thread: M36Spring balance, measuring range: 0...5NLoad weights: 10N and 20N


040.30000 TM 300 Screw Jack


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SCREW JACKTM 300


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[1]Table-top experiment on thread efficiencywith different materials[2]Spindle thread: TR30x6 and TR30x12P6[3]Nuts made of gunmetal, bronze and plastic[4]Plate diameter: Ø140mm[5]Spring balance: 0...5N, graduations 0.05N[6]Load weights: 10N and 20N[7] l x w x h 300x300x300mm

• Unit for determining the thread efficiency of differentmaterials

This table unit is based on the vertical combination of a threaded spindle and anut. It contains two spindles with trapezoid threads and varying lead. To matchthese spindles, three long nuts made of different materials with single lead, anda gunmetal nut with a double lead are provided. A spring balance with a nyloncord enables torque to exercised on the spindle using a pulley. Additionalweights can be placed on the rotating plate to change the axial load on thethread. The thread efficiency can be determined and compared using the meas-ured values. The unit is portable and is equipped with anti-slip feet to ensurethat it remains stable. The painted metal base plate is fitted with clips for theindividual parts.

• Determination of the coefficient of friction of a threaded spindle with- A gunmetal nut,- A bronze nut,- A plastic nut

• Determination of the respective thread efficiency

Spindle thread: TR30x6 and TR30x12P6Nuts made of gunmetal, bronze and plasticPlate diameter: Ø140mmSpring balance: 0...5N, graduations 0.05NLoad weights: 10N and 20N


040.31000 TM 310 Thread Efficiency TestingEquipment


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THREAD EFFICIENCY TESTING EQUIPMENTTM 310


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TM 320 Screw Tester

* Correlation between tightening torque and tension force on standardised bolts1 * Breakaway torque of a bolt joint

Technical DescriptionThe main element of the unit is a slotted, elastically deformable steel block. By tightening the bolt joint, the slotted area is deformed, thereby generating an axial tension force in the bolt. The resulting deformation is recorded by a mechanical dial gauge, and is directly related to the bolt tension force generated. The bolt joint is tightened and slackened using a special torque wrench, which can be set sensitively with the aid of a threaded spindle. By using an axial bearing, the head friction of the bolt can be largely excluded, so that only the friction of the threaded joint is measured. The well-structured instructional material outlines the fundamentals of the theory and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments- Axial tension force in a bolt joint dependent on the tightening torque or the elastic deformation of a slotted block - Measurement of the breakaway torque, including for different fitting situations of the bolt joint - Measurement of thread friction and overall friction

Scope of Delivery1 bolt tester complete with switchable ratchet, 1 set of bolts in transparent container, 1 set of instructional material

Specification[1] Experiment on the correlation between the tension force and tightening torque of bolts [2] Bolt size M8x100, wrench jaw size 13mm [3] Elastic deformation of a slotted block by the bolt [4] Determining the tightening and breakaway torque with a mechanical torque measuring device [5] 2 position dial gauges [6] Sensitive torque setting by hand wheel [7] l x w x h 450x400x260mm

Technical DataTension force: max. 40kN Force/travel constant: 20kN/mm (on slotted block) Max. tightening torque: 40Nm Torque/travel constant: 10Nm/mm (on torque measuring device) Position dial gauge: 0...10mm, graduations: 0.01mm

Dimensions and Weightl x w x h : 450 x 400 x 260 mm Weight : approx. 27 kg

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040.32000 TM 320 Screw Tester


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