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Wake research needs
Future Sky Safety EREA wake vortex workshop 8 JUNE 2016 - DLR Braunschweig
Vincent Treve
Runway throughput project manager
Outline
� Research needs in wake physics
� Research needs in wake monitoring
� Research needs in pilot training
� Research need in wake alleviation
Research needs in wake physics
Wake behaviour characterisation
Frankfurt
Paris
London
Dubai (through cooperation agreement)
Research needs in wake physics
Research needs in wake physics
• Wake decay in Reasonable Worst Case
• Wake decay as function of wind
• Wake transport as function of wind
• Wake generation and decay as function of weight, speed and wing loading
Research needs in wake physics
Wake effect and severity impact characterisation
Research needs in wake physics
Wake effect and severity impact characterisation
100+ hours flight test (wake encounters)
900 flight sim runs (wake encounters)
Research needs in wake physics
Research needs in wake physics
• Methodology for computation of induced rolling moment
• Definition of RMC formulation
• Validation against flight tests
• Verification of severity impact as a function RMC
WiDAO (2011)
Pairwise Separation
(2016)
Time Based Separation
(2016)Weather
DependantSeparation
(2017)
ICAO A380 (2008)
ICAO B747-8 (2012)
RECAT-EU (2014)
Time Based Separation
(2016)
A350 (2015)
RECAT-EU (2016)
Generic
Deployment
June ‘16Research needs in wake physics
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
Research needs in wake physics for approach phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In headwind conditions (TBS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and severity
WiDAO (2011)
Pairwise Separation
(2016)
Time Based Separation
(2016)Weather
DependantSeparation
(2017)
ICAO A380 (2008)
ICAO B747-8 (2012)
RECAT-EU (2014)
Time Based Separation
(2016)
A350 (2015)
RECAT-EU (2016)
Generic
Deployment
June ‘16Research needs in wake physics
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Research needs in wake physics for departure phase of flight
Wake characterisation
Effect on aircraft
Impact on severity
• In RWC (PWS)• In windy conditions (WDS)
• Define Mx as a function of Г• Dimensionless Metric definition
(RMC)
• Link between RMC and safety• Safety case preparation
Data collection and data mining
Theoretical research / flight test
Flight simulation
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Research needs in wake monitoring
Most concepts require post-implementation
monitoring phase
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Wake measurement may be needed for objective risk
monitoring
Better methodology is needed for WVE report
analysis
More FDR data analysis is needed
A posteriori severity criteria need to be defined
Standardisation of reporting
Automatic WVE detection in FDR
FDR/report analysis / Flight simulation
WiDAO (2011)
Pairwise Separation
(2016)
Time Based Separation
(2016)Weather
DependantSeparation
(2017)
ICAO A380 (2008)
ICAO B747-8 (2012)
RECAT-EU (2014)
Time Based Separation
(2016)
A350 (2015)
RECAT-EU (2016)
Generic
Deployment
June ‘16Research needs in wake monitoring
Research needs in wake alleviation
Reduction of wake impact on aircraft
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Pilot warning system
Wake detection
Pilot training
Research needs in wake alleviation
Reduction of wake impact on aircraft
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Pilot warning system Pilot training
Wake detection
Research needs in wake alleviation
Reduction of wake impact on aircraft
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Pilot warning system Pilot training
Wake detection
Research needs in wake alleviation
Reduction of wake impact on aircraft
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Pilot warning system Pilot training
Wake detection
Research needs in wake alleviation
Reduction of wake impact on aircraft
Effect on aircraft
Safety assessment
Pilot warning system Pilot training
Based on model and trajectories
Wake detection
LiDAR or AoA / AoS variation
Flight simulation module
Summary of research needs
� Wake physics to be further analysed for departure� More wake measurement campaigns needed � Validation and/or adaptation of severity metric and criteria for departure
� FDR analyses are needed for � Supporting safety monitoring after deployment of new concepts� better understanding WVE� Defining a-posteriori severity criteria
� Wake detection for � Better pilot reaction (training)� Aircraft automatic correction
Additional work to be undertaken / continued
� Development of system for delivering complex wake separation� As a function of weather condition� Defined pairwise
This kind of system needs� adequate wind prediction � Reliable aircraft speed model
� Before inventing new things, know-how shall be used for supporting deployment
Question?
