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Futureprospectsoftheop-callevita-onexperiment( )
KAGRAobservatory,Ins-tuteforcosmicrayresearch,
UniversityofTokyo
NAGANOKoji( )
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Q.WhoamI?A.I’mNAGANOKoji,1styearofPh.D.course,belongingtoKAGRAobservatory,ICRR,UniversityofTokyo.
Q.WhatdidIdoinmymastercourse?A.Istudiedonthequantumnoisereduc-ontechniqueforKAGRA(ponderomo-vesqueezingandhomodynedetec-on)inKashiwa,calledQND(quantumnon-demoli-on)exp..Fordetail,pleaseseemymasterthesisonJGW-P1706052.Inaddi-on,IvisitedCaltechandU.Grasgow.WhatIdidinCaltechwillbepublishedaspapersomeday.
Q.WillItalkaboutwhatIdidinmastercourse?A.No,Iwillnot.Iwilltalkaboutmyfuturework,“op-callevita-onexperiment,”whichIwilldoinmyPh.D.course.
Overture
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Introduc-on• Schedule• Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons• Experimentalsetupdesignproposal• Problems• Conclusion• Summary
Outline
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Forgravita-onal-wave(GW)detec-onsorstudiesofthemacroscopicquantummechanics,extremelylownoisesystemsarerequired.
• Abouttheseismicnoisereduc-on,suspensionsystemsareo`enused.
• However,thesuspensionsystemsinduceaddi-onalthermalnoises.
Introduc-on
K.Komori,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
5-mgmirrorsuspension
E.Hirose+,CQG(2014)SuspensionsystemofKAGRA(Cryogenicpart)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Suspensionthermalnoiseisoneofthemajornoisesourcesofinterferometerswhichclosethesensi-vitywindowreachingthestandardquantumlimit(SQL).
• ReachingSQLisakindofmilestoneofthetestofthemacroscopicquantummechanics.
• Inaddi-on,ifwecandemonstratetobeatSQL,thatis,toreducethequantumnoise,itleadstoimprovementofthesensi2vityofGWdetectors.
Introduc-on
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Thesuspensionthermalnoisecanbeex-nguishedwhenmassesarelevitatedwithop-calradia-onpressureinsteadofsuspendedwithmechanicalwires.
• Thistechniqueiscalledasanop-callevita-on(OL).
Introduc-on
fluctua-on
gravity
gravity
radia-onpressure
tension
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Introduc-on
光学浮上が熱い
2
mass scale
sensitivity(m/rtHz)
fg ng ug mg pg
-12
-11
-10
N. Kiesel+: PNAS 110, 14180 (2013) cavity / 0.15um / 10fg? / 64K, 4e-12 m/rtHz
-13
T. Li+: Science 328, 1673 (2010) T. Li+: Nature Physics 7, 527 (2011) tweezer / 1um / 1pg / 1.5mK, 1e-13 m/rtHz, Brownian velocity
A. Arvanitaki, A. A. Geraci : PRL 110, 071105 (2013) cavity / 0.2~75um / fg~pg / ~1e-14m/rtHz, GW
A. Ashkin+: Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 283 (1971) tweezer / 20um / 10ng? / ?? m/rtHz
G. Guccione+: arXiv:1307.1175 cavity / 2mm / 0.3mg / ?? m/rtHz R. Kaltenbaek+ : Experimental Astronomy 34, 123 (2012)
cavity / 0.1um / 10fg? / ~1e-12m/rtHz?, MAQRO
S. Singh+: PRL 105, 213602 (2010) cavity+tweezer / 60um / 40ng / 1e-10m/rtHz
Y. Arita+: Nature Communications 4, 2374 (2013) tweezer / 4.4um / 0.1ng? / 40K, 1e-10 m/rtHz, gyroscope
Plankmass(22ug)
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Introduc-on
光学浮上が熱い
2
mass scale
sensitivity(m/rtHz)
fg ng ug mg pg
-12
-11
-10
N. Kiesel+: PNAS 110, 14180 (2013) cavity / 0.15um / 10fg? / 64K, 4e-12 m/rtHz
-13
T. Li+: Science 328, 1673 (2010) T. Li+: Nature Physics 7, 527 (2011) tweezer / 1um / 1pg / 1.5mK, 1e-13 m/rtHz, Brownian velocity
A. Arvanitaki, A. A. Geraci : PRL 110, 071105 (2013) cavity / 0.2~75um / fg~pg / ~1e-14m/rtHz, GW
A. Ashkin+: Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 283 (1971) tweezer / 20um / 10ng? / ?? m/rtHz
G. Guccione+: arXiv:1307.1175 cavity / 2mm / 0.3mg / ?? m/rtHz R. Kaltenbaek+ : Experimental Astronomy 34, 123 (2012)
cavity / 0.1um / 10fg? / ~1e-12m/rtHz?, MAQRO
S. Singh+: PRL 105, 213602 (2010) cavity+tweezer / 60um / 40ng / 1e-10m/rtHz
Y. Arita+: Nature Communications 4, 2374 (2013) tweezer / 4.4um / 0.1ng? / 40K, 1e-10 m/rtHz, gyroscope
Plankmass(22ug)
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Sofar,twotypes(ormore?)ofOLsformg-scalemirrorshavebeenproposed.
Introduc-on
tripodtypesandwichtype
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
Y.Michimura+,arXiv(2017),Opt.Express(underreview)
G.Guccione+,PRL(2013)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Introduc-on
自由度と安定性
2016/01/27 修士論文審査会 22
自由度 水平(x,y)並進 鉛直(z)並進 x, y軸回転 z軸回転
復元力 サンドイッチ構成の復元力 光バネ 重力 なし
模式図
Ø 浮上鏡の曲率中心の運動(並進3自由度,回転3自由度)
dxdF
dβmg
z z z
Levitated mirror
dF
dβmg
dβ
mg
zz
z
o済 済 済
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesisdefense,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofthetwotypeOL:
Introduc-on
• SincethesandwichtypeOLhasnotyetbeenexperimentallydemonstrated,wehavetodoit.– Accordingtorumor,thetripodtypeOLhasbeendemonstratedalreadyinANU.
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Purposesoftheop2callevita2onexperiment• Demonstra-ngtheop-callevita-onwithsandwichconfigura-on
• Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.• Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanics,thedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors,suchasKAGRA,andothersciences.
(andEduca-onofmyselfandjuniorstudents.)
Introduc-on
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Atfirst,letmedivideourOLexperimentintofourphases.• Phase-0(wearehere)– Confirma-onofthepossibilityofthesandwichtypeOL.(theore-calstudyandR&D)
• Phase-1– Demonstra-onoftheOLwithsandwichconfigura-on.– Nosensi-vityrequirement.
• Phase-2– Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.
• Phase-3– Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanicsandthedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors.
Schedule
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(9m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(9m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Atfirst,letmedivideourOLexperimentintofourphases.• Phase-0(wearehere)– Confirma-onofthepossibilityofthesandwichtypeOL.(theore-calstudyandR&D)
• Phase-1– Demonstra-onoftheOLwithsandwichconfigura-on.– Nosensi-vityrequirement.
• Phase-2– Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.
• Phase-3– Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanicsandthedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors.
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
光学浮上の応用先 • 古典力学と量子力学を繋ぐモデルの検証
R. Penrose: Gen. Rel. Grav. 28, 1572 (1996) A. Bassi+: Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 471 (2013)
• 重力デコヒーレンスの観測 R. Kaltenbaek+: Experimental Astronomy 34, 123 (2012)
• 巨視的量子現象 エンタングルメント、Schrödingerの猫 etc.
• 超高精度力センサ(~10-20 N/rtHz) 重力逆二乗則の検証、Casimir力 A. A. Geraci+: PRL 105, 101101 (2010) 重力波検出 A. Arvanitaki, A. A. Geraci: PRL 110, 071105 (2013)
• 量子情報的な応用(回転の自由度を利用)
4
•
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
光学浮上の応用先 • 古典力学と量子力学を繋ぐモデルの検証
R. Penrose: Gen. Rel. Grav. 28, 1572 (1996) A. Bassi+: Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 471 (2013)
• 重力デコヒーレンスの観測 R. Kaltenbaek+: Experimental Astronomy 34, 123 (2012)
• 巨視的量子現象 エンタングルメント、Schrödingerの猫 etc.
• 超高精度力センサ(~10-20 N/rtHz) 重力逆二乗則の検証、Casimir力 A. A. Geraci+: PRL 105, 101101 (2010) 重力波検出 A. Arvanitaki, A. A. Geraci: PRL 110, 071105 (2013)
• 量子情報的な応用(回転の自由度を利用)
4
•
Testofmacroscopicquantummechanics
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
提案されている検証方法
2016/01/27 修士論文審査会 9
Ø 巨視的な物体では,直接二重スリット実験をする代わりにそれに相当する実験をし,重ね合わせが生じるかどうか検証する。Ø SQLへの到達が必要条件
LASER
PD PD
FI BS
com. mode diff. mode
com. mode
com. mode
diff. mode
diff. modedark portbright port
PRM Single photon
PD PD
FI
BS
source
Ground state mirror
|1⟩
|0⟩m or |1⟩m
|0⟩U or |1⟩U
|0⟩R or |1⟩R
Müller-Ebhardt+(2008) Marshall+(2003)
SQLに到達した振動子
同相モードと差動モードの重ねあわせ状態を観測
基底状態の振動子(SQL到達が必要)→ 単一光子で励起
単一光子源
振動子の orの重ねあわせ状態を観測
0m
1m
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesisdefense,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
光学浮上の応用先 • 古典力学と量子力学を繋ぐモデルの検証
R. Penrose: Gen. Rel. Grav. 28, 1572 (1996) A. Bassi+: Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 471 (2013)
• 重力デコヒーレンスの観測 R. Kaltenbaek+: Experimental Astronomy 34, 123 (2012)
• 巨視的量子現象 エンタングルメント、Schrödingerの猫 etc.
• 超高精度力センサ(~10-20 N/rtHz) 重力逆二乗則の検証、Casimir力 A. A. Geraci+: PRL 105, 101101 (2010) 重力波検出 A. Arvanitaki, A. A. Geraci: PRL 110, 071105 (2013)
• 量子情報的な応用(回転の自由度を利用)
4
•
Developmentofthenoisereduc-ontechniqueandGWdetec-on
gravityexperiment
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Applica-onsofop-callevita-ons
$iĶ°wÈ�ũ(Å�lrũÂŎƲǖǞNJƺŷ2017�1¾16µ)� ūū�
• Ņ�Ƙő?ÛË6\ƘœošŤ�
ő?ÛË6\ƘœošŤƘ�à�
Ĝ←
Ë6\Ƙ��→
��
ǑǕǀƯǞËÛƫƈƎƕƁƘ�
��T�
ÏåœoŝôƫĻŽƎ��ƫuïƊƨƆƕƀƔƁƨ!�
Displacemen
tsen
siWvity[m
/rtHz]�
K.Nagano,Masterthesisdefense,UniversityofTokyo(2017)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Atfirst,letmedivideourOLexperimentintofourphases.• Phase-0(wearehere)– Confirma-onofthepossibilityofthesandwichtypeOL.(theore-calstudyandR&D)
• Phase-1– Demonstra-onoftheOLwithsandwichconfigura-on.– Nosensi-vityrequirement.
• Phase-2– Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.
• Phase-3– Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanicsandthedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors.
Schedule
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Horizontalop-calspringdemonstra-on
ねじれ振り子の利用
2016/01/27 修士論文審査会 28
YAW
完全な自由質点のmg鏡の代わりにねじれ振り子を使用- やわらかい(共振周波数 ~10 mHz)- サンドイッチ構成の微小な復元力 を感じうる
ü ねじれ振り子の運動(YAW)の変化によってサンドイッチ構成の安定性を検証できる - もとの共振周波数からの上昇を観測
ü g程度の鏡を使用できる - 0.5inch, 1inch, etc…
鏡の水平並進
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesisdefense,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Atfirst,letmedivideourOLexperimentintofourphases.• Phase-0(wearehere)– Confirma-onofthepossibilityofthesandwichtypeOL.(theore-calstudyandR&D)
• Phase-1– Demonstra-onoftheOLwithsandwichconfigura-on.– Nosensi-vityrequirement.
• Phase-2– Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.
• Phase-3– Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanicsandthedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors.
Schedule
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Experimentalconfigura-oninPhase-1-wavelength:1064nm-finesse:700(lower,upper)-inputpower:8.5W(lower)
2.6W(upper)-lev.mirrormass:1.6mg
-r=1.5mm,t=0.1mm-int.reflec-vity:0.9995(lev.)
0.992(l,u)-freq.noise:5x10-3Hz/rtHz
-suspensionreso.freq.:~1Hz-maincavityservoUGF:~20Hz(?)-op-calzenithangle<0.2deg-pressure:10-4Pa
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Sensi-vityinPhase-1
102 103 104 105 106
Frequency [Hz]
10-20
10-19
10-18
10-17
10-16D
ispl
acem
ent n
oise
spe
ctru
m [m
/rtH
z] SQLquantum noisecoating thermalsubstrate thermalresidual gas thermalfrequency noiseseismic
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Usethe1.6-mgmirror,whichwehavealready.• Userela-velyhigh-finesse(~700)cavity.• Userela-velysimplelaserstabiliza-onsystem(LSS).• Lightisintroducedtothevacuumchamberthoughtop-calfibers.
• Transmiredlightsinthemaincavi-esareextractedbypolarizingbeamsplirer(PBS)intheothercavi-estodecouplethecavi-es.
• Tokeeptheop-calspringeffect,maincavi-esaresuspendedforvibra-onisola-ontodecreasetheunitygainfrequency(UGF)oftheirservo(~afew10Hz).
• (Ifpossible)usenewdigitalcontrolsystem.
PointsinPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Usethe1.6-mgmirror,whichwehavealready.• Userela-velyhigh-finesse(~700)cavity.• Userela-velysimplelaserstabiliza-onsystem(LSS).• Lightisintroducedtothevacuumchamberthoughtop-calfibers.
• Transmiredlightsinthemaincavi-esareextractedbypolarizingbeamsplirer(PBS)intheothercavi-estodecouplethecavi-es.
• Tokeeptheop-calspringeffect,maincavi-esaresuspendedforvibra-onisola-ontodecreasetheunitygainfrequency(UGF)oftheirservo(~afew10Hz).
• (Ifpossible)usenewdigitalcontrolsystem.
PointsinPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Moku:Lab
hrp://www.liquidinstruments.com ←VenturefromANU
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Moku:Lab
hrp://www.liquidinstruments.com
NOTE:IfweuseMoku:Labincontrolservo,thefrequencyrangeisabout1MHzbecauseof-medelayalthoughsamplingfrequencyismushhigher.
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Zenithanglemisalignmenteffect
mgsinθ
~0.1um~w0/10
~0.5mm
0.2deg
Y.Kuwahara,Masterthesisdefense,UniversityofTokyo(2016)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Zenithanglealignment
• 2つの錘を吊るした紐がアイリスを通るようにする • アイリスに通るように上下の入射光軸をアライン • 入射光が浮上鏡の中心(~重心)に当たるよう配置 • 上下共振器の共振が取れるように各鏡をアライン • 移動させても、再び紐がアイリスを通るよう光学系全体の水平度を調整すればよいだけ
アラインメント手順案
18 入射光軸 // 重力 入射光軸 // 共振器軸 入射光軸上に重心
2mm
50cm
2e-3/0.5=4e-3rad~0.2deg
Y.Michimura,Seminarslide
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Useaccelerometerandgyrosensor.– Accelerometercandetectthegravitydirec-on.– Gyrosensorcandetecttheangledisplacement.
• Comparetheop-calcavityaxiswiththestringofplumb.– SeethetransmiredlightaxiswithIRcameraandscareringsomething.
Otherchoicestoalignop-calzenithangle
!a
scarering
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Doubleop-calspring
-Ordinarycase
-Sandwichcase
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Coupledcasewasdemonstrated.
Doubleop-calspring
N.Gordon+,“Experimentaldemonstra-onofcoupledop-calsprings,”CQG(2017)
10mprototypeinGlasgow
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Decouplingtwomaincavi-es
orLossy
eg)Thorlabs:high-powercubePBS(PBS12-1064-HP),T=0.988
-CanweuseprisminsteadofPBS?
eg1)Thorlabs:platePBS(PBSW-1064),Tp=0.993,Ts=0.0055(1-Ts=0.9945)
eg2)Thorlabs:plateFPB(FPB1059-43),Tp=0.992,Ts=6e-5(1-Ts=0.99994)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Levita-ngmirrorsupport
-Ontorsionpendulum -Onfixedstage
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Advantageoftorsionpendulum– mirrorposi-oncanbeadjusted.– ver-calandhorizontalop-calspringeffectcanbemeasured.
• Disadvantageoftorsionpendulum– mirrorposi-onisnotstablewithoutcontrol.– requirementformirrordisplacementRMS
• ver-cal:<<50pm(freerun:50um)• horizontal:<<0.6um(freerun:1mm)
– verystrongservocontrolanddampingisrequired.– lownoisesensingforrollisalsorequired.
Levita-ngmirrorsupport
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Sensingmethodoftorsionpendulum
Auxiliarycavity
roll(ver-cal):cavity
magnet
long.(horizontal):photosensor
yaw(horizontal):op-callever
foractua-on(coilmagnet)
fordamping(coil(resistor)magnet)
Auxiliarycavity
trans.(horizontal):photosensor
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Whenthemirrorlevitate,themirror’smechanicalresponseshouldchangedrama-cally.Thus,wecanknowthemirrorlevita-onbymeasuringtheopenlooptransferfunc-on.
• Moreover,ifweaddthelinesignalintothePZTonwhichthemirroris(ortheaux.cavityincidentlightpower)andshakethemirror,– whenthemirrorisnotlevitated,thesignalcanbedetectedwiththemaincavity
– whenthemirrorislevitated,thesignalcanNOTbedetectedwiththemaincavity
Howtodetectthemirrorlevita-on
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Howtoaligntheop-calzenithangle?• Canweachievethever-caldoubleop-calspringwherethecavi-esdon’tsharetheop-calpath?
• Howtodecouplethetwomaincavi-esfromtheother?
• Howtosupportthelevita-ngmirrorbeforelevita-on?
• Howtoknowthemirrorislevitated?• Howtosuspendtheop-calbenchonwhichthemaincavi-esare?
Problems(?)inPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Bladespringorspring?
-Bladespring -Spring
or
-Targetresonantfrequencyis1Hzforhorizontalandver-cal.
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Notconsideredproblems– Howtomakeastabledetuning.– Vacuumsystem.
• Todo– Buildlaserpoweramplitudesystem.– Makefreq.referenceforfreq.stabiliza-on.– DesignLSS,suspension,op-csarrangement.– (Buildnewdigitalsystem.)
• Tobuy– Fiberop-cscompa-blewith1064-nmlaser.
• fiber(coveredandbare),EOMx2,AOMx2,fiberop-cs(BS,collimator,FI,andsoon),fiberfeedthrough,fiberamp.,(lasersource?),andsoon.
– Cavitymirror(formainandaux.)– Suspensionsystemandop-calbench.
OtherthingsinPhase-1
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Atfirst,letmedivideourOLexperimentintofourphases.• Phase-0(wearehere)– Confirma-onofthepossibilityofthesandwichtypeOL.(theore-calstudyandR&D)
• Phase-1– Demonstra-onoftheOLwithsandwichconfigura-on.– Nosensi-vityrequirement.
• Phase-2– Achievementofthesensi-vityreachingSQL.
• Phase-3– Testofthemacroscopicquantummechanicsandthedevelopmentofthetechniquetoimprovethesensi-vityofGWdetectors.
Schedule
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
ScheduleH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Experimentalconfigura-oninPhase-2-wavelength:1064nm-finesse:100(lower,upper)-inputpower:10W(lower)
2.1W(upper)-lev.mirrormass:0.2mg-int.reflec-vity:0.975(lev.)
0.962(l,u)-freq.ref.:asymmetricFMI
-Passivestabilizingcavity(doublepass)--length:3m(FSR:100MHz)--finesse:3x104--cavitypole:1.6kHz--Intracavitypower:~300kW!!
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Sensi-vityinPhase-2
102 103 104 105 106
Frequency [Hz]
10-20
10-19
10-18
10-17
10-16D
ispl
acem
ent n
oise
spe
ctru
m [m
/rtH
z] SQLquantum noisecoating thermalsubstrate thermalresidual gas thermalfrequency noiseseismic
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Usenew0.2-mgmirror.• Use100-masymmetricfiberMichelsoninterferometer(AFMI)forfrequencystabiliza-onaround10kHz.
• Usepassivelaserstabilizingcavity(PSC),thatisthecavitywithlowcavitypole(~1kHz).
• Togeteffec-ve(2ndorder)passivelaserstabiliza-on,thetransmiredlightisreflectedbacktothePSC.(Double-passconfigura-on)
PointsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Assmallaspossiblemirrorisberer.• About1-mgmirrormaybeupperlimit,consideringfeasibleincidentpower(lower:40W,upper:12W,finesse100).
Massoflevitatedmirror
102 103 104 105 106
Frequency [Hz]
10-20
10-19
10-18
10-17
10-16
Dis
plac
emen
t noi
se s
pect
rum
[m/rt
Hz] SQL
quantum noisecoating thermalsubstrate thermalresidual gas thermalfrequency noiseseismic
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
AFMIvsReferencecavity
or
K.Nagano,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2017)
S(?).Takahashi,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2008)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Requirementofthefrequencynoiseis1x10-4Hz/rtHzat10kHz.
• Fortheac-vestabiliza-on,itisrelaxedtobe~5x10-3Hz/rtHzat10kHzthankstothePSC.
• Displacementsensi-vityrequirement.– ForAFMI(with100-masymmetry)
• xAFMI=1.7x10-15m/rtHz– Forreferencecavity(cavitylength20cm)
• xRC=3.3x10-18m/rtHz– Suspendedmirrorcavity(likeKAGRA’sinputmodecleaner)canbeused?
AFMIvsReferencecavity
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
AsymmetricfiberMIsensi-vity
NOTE:Inthismeasurement,lasersourcewas1550-nmDFBfiberlaser,whichmaybemorenoisythan1064-nmNPROlaser.
S(?).Takahashi,Masterthesis,UniversityofTokyo(2008)
NOTE2:Asymmetrywas100m.
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
AsymmetricfiberMIsensi-vity
NOTE:Inthismeasurement,lasersourcewas1540-nmRIOfiberlaser,whichismorenoisythan1064-nmNPROlaser.
R.Šmíd+,“FrequencyNoiseSuppressionofaSingleModeLaserwithanUnbalancedFiberInterferometerforSubnanometerInterferometry,“Sensors(2015)
NOTE2:Asymmetrywas2.09km.
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Circula-ngpowerinPSCwillbeverylarge,morethan100kW.– Forexample,circula-ngpowerinKAGRA’sPMCwithhighpower(~100W)laserislessthan10kW.
– Withpulselaser(10psand250MHzrepe--onrate),670kWofaveragepowerwasdemonstrated.
• IsitOK?Orcanweresolveit?– Makebeamsizelarge?(smallerintensity)– Makelongercavity?(smallerfinesse)– Coolthecavitywithliquidnitrogen?
• Anyway,verycarefultreatmentisrequiredtoavoidcontamina-on,forexampledust.
Circula-ngpowerinPSC
H.Carstens+,Opt.Ler.(2014)
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Such(0.2-mg)smallmirrorcanbemade?• Isthefrequencystabiliza-onusingAFMIat10kHzpossible?
• Circula-ngpowerinthePSCismorethan100kWwhichcouldburnitsmirrors.
• EffectofthedisplacementofPSContheeffectofthepassivestabilizingshouldbeconsidered.
• Sincecavitypoleofmaincavi-esisveryhigh(~8MHz),RFsidebandcanenterthecavi-estosomeextent.
• IsthereanysciencewhichcanbedoneusingonlyonecavityreachingSQL?
ProblemsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Allscienceideasusingop-callevita-onwhichIhavesofarrequiretwocavi-esreachingSQL.
• However,ittakesalotof-meandefforttobuildanothercavity.
• ThusI’dliketodosomescien-ficworkswithonlyonecavityreachingSQL.
• Ibelieveinteres-ngsciencemustexist.• Ifyouhaveanyidea,pleaseshareitwithme.
Scienceofop-callevita-onexperiment
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
• Notconsideredproblems– Theeffectoftheuppercavity’sradia-onpressurenoise.
• Todo– Designsuspension,op-csarrangement.– Discussthepossibilityofthesmallmirrorwithmanufacturingcompany(Sigma,LMS,…).
• Tobuy– Newsmallmirror,cavitymirrors.
OtherthingsinPhase-2
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
Conclusion
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 8 12 3
Phase-0
Phase-1
Phase-2
Phase-3
SummaryH29 (D1) H30 (D2) X (D3)
theore-calstudy
hor.stab.demo.
designsetupmechanics,op-cs,alignmentmethod
aux.cavitystudy
buildsetuplevitate1.6-mgmir.!
(3m)
(6m)(6m)
modifydesign
buynewmir.(1m)
designsetupchecknewmir.
check1.6-mgmir.
(6m)
reachSQL!!
writepaper
re-buildsetup(6m)
fiberMItest(8m) buildandtestLSS(6m)
(2m) writepaper
writepaperbuyitems
buildanothersetup(3m) enjoyscience!!!
writethesis
writepaper:deskwork
:labwork:exci-ngbutuncertainwork
AndoLabChukanseminar(TheUniversityofTokyo,Hongo,Apr.27,2017)
End