Future Perspectives for Heavy Ions with RHIC & LHC RHIC PHENIX STAR AGS ALICE ATLAS CMS LHC Cover 3...
If you can't read please download the document
Future Perspectives for Heavy Ions with RHIC & LHC RHIC PHENIX STAR AGS ALICE ATLAS CMS LHC Cover 3 decades of energy in center-of-mass John Harris (Yale)
Future Perspectives for Heavy Ions with RHIC & LHC RHIC
PHENIX STAR AGS ALICE ATLAS CMS LHC Cover 3 decades of energy in
center-of-mass John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9
June 2012 s NN = 5 - 200 GeV s NN = 5.5 TeV (design)
Slide 2
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions John Harris
(Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 3
Dynamics & Evolution of RHI Collisions John Harris (Yale)
PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Muller, Schukraft &
Wylsouch, Review, arXiv:1202.3233 Small differences due to initial
conditions (PDF shadowing vs geometry, hard processes ~ # binary
collisions at LHC vs RHIC)? Glauber vs CGC, Initial state
fluctuations, Extent of shadowing LHC pPb data later this year! LHC
& RHIC provide consistent picture of dynamics & evolution
of collisions multiplicities, system size & lifetimes from RHIC
to LHC
Slide 4
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions Particle ratios
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical Confirm
lattice predictions for T critical, B John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 5
Particles Formed at Universal Hadronization T Particles yields
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical
Slide 6
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions Particle ratios
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical Confirm
lattice predictions for T critical, B It has characteristics of
predicted quark-gluon plasma Strongly-coupled liquid Flows with
ultra-low shear viscosity John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC,
Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 7
Large Elliptic Flow Observed Implications? John Harris (Yale)
PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Elliptic Flow v 2
Increase in v 2 from RHIC to LHC x z y Azimuthal asymmetry of
particles: dn/d ~ 1 + 2 v 2 (p T ) cos (2 ) +... Predicted by
hydrodynamics with very low shear viscosity
Slide 8
Its a Strongly-Coupled Medium with Ultra-Low Shear Viscosity
John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
There exists a universal lower bound on shear viscosity / entropy
ratio ( /s): The strong-coupling limit of non-Abelian gauge
theories with a gravity dual: /s = 1 / 4 for the perfect liquid
Pb+Pb 2.76 TeV 30-40% central ALICE data /s = 0 Viscous
hydrodynamics calculations from Schenke, Jeon, Gale, PRL 106 (2011)
042301. 1/4 /s < 1/2 /s = 1/2 /s = 1/4 /s = 0 /s = 1/2 /s =
1/4
Slide 9
Power Spectrum for Heavy Ions Analog WMAP ! John Harris (Yale)
PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Gaussian width related
to length scales such as mean free path, acoustic horizon. Like
measurements of early universe sound harmonics Heavy Ion harmonics
give key constraints on viscous damping & spatial correlations
An acoustic horizon in fluid dynamics (A Mocsy, P. Sorensen,
arXiv:1101.1926)
Slide 10
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions Particle ratios
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical Confirm
lattice predictions for T critical, B It has characteristics of
predicted quark-gluon plasma Strongly-coupled liquid Flows with
ultra-low shear viscosity Its opaque to the most energetic probes
Light & heavy quarks are suppressed at large p T Jets quenched
and away-side jet energy imbalance John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 11
Large Transverse Momentum (p T ) Particles Are Suppressed John
Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 CMS,
arXiv:1202.2554v1 Suppression R AA = 1
Slide 12
Jets at the LHC Di-Jet Energy Imbalance! Azimuthal Angular
Correlations Trigger jet Away-side jet Energy Asymmetry: A J = E T1
E T2 / E T1 + E T2 for /2 E T1 > 100 GeV E T2 > 25 GeV John
Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 13
Where does the Energy Go? CMS dev PRC 84 (2011) 024906
Energy/momentum balance in event is carried by low momentum
particles at large angles to jets! John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 pQCD, vacuum fragmentation,
thermalization of lost energy? High energy particles in cone Low
energy particles out of cone
Slide 14
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions Particle ratios
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical Confirm
lattice predictions for T critical, B It has characteristics of
predicted quark-gluon plasma Strongly-coupled liquid Flows with
ultra-low shear viscosity Its opaque to the most energetic probes
Light & heavy quarks are suppressed at large p T Away-side jet
quenched and jet energy imbalance It has properties of
color-screening Suppression of quarkonia (J/ and states) John
Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 15
Quarkonium Melting at LHC and RHIC Quarkonia: cc: , c, J/ bb: ,
, (Debye color screening, recombination) Color screening of cc pair
results in J/ (cc) suppression! Confined Deconfined r V(r) Bound
state (e.g. J/ ) Quarkonium dissociation when r Debye ~ 1/( s T)
< r qq John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June
2012 T/T C 1/ r [fm -1 ] (1S) J/ (1S) c (1P) (2S) b (2P) (3S)
Slide 16
Quarkonium Melting at LHC and RHIC dev John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 (1s+2s+3s) Suppression at
RHIC Y (b-bbar) cleaner, less recombination than J/ - (heavier) and
less thermal - melting sequence vs temperature!
Slide 17
What Do We Know from RHIC & LHC Consistent Picture of
Geometry, Dynamics and Evolution of RHI Collisions Particle ratios
equilibrium abundances universal hadronization T critical Confirm
lattice predictions for T critical, B It has characteristics of
predicted quark-gluon plasma Strongly-coupled liquid Flows with
ultra-low shear viscosity Its opaque to the most energetic probes
Light & heavy quarks are suppressed at large p T Away-side jet
quenched and jet energy imbalance It has properties of
color-screening Suppression of quarkonia (J/ and states) Still much
to be done experimentally and theoretically John Harris (Yale)
PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 18
Parton Energy Loss in QCD and QGP John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Measure radiation
products/energy! Measure energy loss of parton! E gluon > E
quark, m=0 > E quark, m>0 thus: R AA ( ) < R AA (D) < R
AA (B) Important to measure E of gluons light heavy quarks What is
the dependence on the type of parton? E How does parton lose
energy? q ~
Slide 19
Fundamental Questions about Parton Energy Loss and Implications
for the QGP Medium John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4
- 9 June 2012 What are the energy loss mechanisms? radiative = into
non-thermal gluon modes collisional = directly into thermal plasma
modes How are these affected by the structure of the QGP
(quasiparticles or not)? What is QCD at high T? Are AdS/CFT
inspired models applicable? What is the weak-strong coupling
transition? What happens to the parton energy and momentum lost
(medium response?)? If radiative, how quickly does it thermalize
i.e., what is its longitudinal momentum (z) distribution? What is
its angular distribution (the jet shape) i.e., how much is found in
a cone of jet angular size R ? How do the answers depend on flavor
of the parton?
Slide 20
Measurements to Determine Parton Energy Loss (Disentangle
effects!) Mass and color effects b-quark vs c-quark vs light-quark
suppression/propagation! (ALICE, ATLAS & CMS Upgrades) Better
secondary vertex discrimination & background suppression
Smarter triggering capabilities at lower levels allowing Better
statistics on specific signals (vs background!) Establish initial
parton kinematics for jets (before parton energy loss!) -jet,
Z-jet, di-jets and Z non-interacting in QGP! Gluon vs quark
suppression (color factor), use of jets Measure dE/dx (color charge
in QCD ala QED!) Virtuality of partons different at RHIC & LHC
How to Address Parton Energy Loss John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Trigger , Z, jet Away-side
jet E gluon > E quark, m=0 > E quark, m>0 Measure
pathlength L dependence
Slide 21
Virtuality Q 2 of parton in the medium controls physics of
radiative energy loss: Virtuality at RHIC and LHC in pQCD John
Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Trigger ,
Z, jet Away- side jet Measure pathlength L & E or p T
dependence of jets and radiated particles RHIC: 20 GeV parton, L =
3 fm q L 4.5 GeV 2 >> E/L 1.5GeV 2 Virtuality of primary
parton is medium dominated and small enough to experience the
strongly coupled medium LHC: 200 GeV parton, L = 3 fm q L 9 GeV 2
< E/L 13 GeV 2 Virtuality of primary parton is vacuum dominated
and only its gluon cloud experiences the strongly coupled medium B.
Mueller, Hard Probes 2012
Slide 22
Detailed investigation of variables (parton attenuation &
QGP transport properties) as function of: - Centrality (impact
parameter/shape) & Event Plane (Directionality) (Pressure
gradients and pathlength dependence) Why Differential Quantities?
John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 x z
y Measure & correlate differences in: Parton propagation
Transport properties Also dependence on: Momentum Flavor
Slide 23
Suppression of Heavy Flavors John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver
BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Charm and beauty: No evidence of mass
effects yet! B J/ (beauty) arXiv:1201.5069 D (charm) B J/ (beauty)
Pions, charm and beauty: Suggestion of a hierarchy! Requires better
statistics, esp. for beauty and path-length dependence!
Slide 24
Heavy Quark Energy Loss in the Medium Will b-quarks behave as
pQCD predicts (Dead-cone Effectless suppressed)? WHDG prediction
for B M. Gyulassy, BNL Seminar 2012 John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 25
Detailed investigation of flow as function of: - Particle type
(quark content): - Centrality (impact parameter/shape) - Event
Plane (Directionality) (Pressure gradients and pathlength
dependence) Flow of Heavy Flavors John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 Requires much better
statistics, esp. for path-length dependence! J/ D
Slide 26
Thermal photons shining of the QGP (at RHIC) Must understand
the other contributions Spectrum integrates over space-time
evolution Real and Virtual Photons at RHIC John Harris (Yale) PLHC,
Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 PRL 104, 132301 (2010) pp ,
good agreement with pQCD Exponential fit in p T T = 221 23 18 MeV
AuAu In progress at LHC? John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC,
Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012
Slide 27
Virtual photons Di-leptons Medium modification of resonance
& hadron masses Chiral symmetry restoration? Real and Virtual
Photons John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June
2012 Virtual photons from decays in QGP Must subtract all hadronic
decays outside medium (scale pp data) Centrality dependence:
PHENIX, PRC81, 034911(2010), arXiv:0912.0244 Low mass di-lepton
Enhancement! Increases with centrality. In progress at LHC?
Slide 28
Low Mass Di-Leptons at RHIC John Harris (Yale) PLHC, Vancouver
BC, Canada, 4 - 9 June 2012 PHENIX PRC 81 (2010) 034911 Minbias
(value stat sys)Central (value stat sys) STAR 1.53 0.07 0.41 (w/o )
1.40 0.06 0.38 (w/ ) 1.72 0.10 0.50 (w/o ) 1.54 0.09 0.45 (w/ )
PHENIX 4.7 0.4 1.57.6 0.5 1.3 Difference2.0 4.2 Enhancement factor
in 0.15