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Future PermaSense Challenges – Technology
Jan Beutel
PermaSense
• Consortium of several projects, start in 2006• Multiple disciplines (geo-science, engineering)• Fundamental as well as applied research• More than 20 people, 8 PhD students
www.permasense.ch
Competence in outdoor sensing•Wireless systems, low-latency data transmission•Customized sensors•Ruggedized equipment•Data management•Planning, installing, operating (years) large deployments
Established: deployment sites
A. Hasler
Established: rock/ice temperature
Aim: Understand temperatures in heterogeneous rock and ice
• Measurements at several depths• Two-minute interval, autonomous for several years• Survive, buffer and flush periods without connectivity
A. Hasler
Established: crack dilatation
Aim: To understand temperature/ice-conditioned rock kinematics
• Temperature-compensated, commercial instrument • Auxiliary measurements (temperature, additional axes,…)• Two-minute interval, autonomous for several years• Protection against snow-load and rock fall
Established: field site support• Base station
– On-site data aggregation – Embedded Linux– Solar power system– Redundant connectivity– Local data buffer– Database synchronization
• Cameras– PTZ webcam– High resolution imaging (D-SLR)
• Weather station
• Remote monitoring and control
Established: long-haul WLAN
• Data access from weather radar on Klein Matterhorn (P. Burlando, ETHZ)
• Leased fiber/DSL from Zermatt Bergbahnen AG
• Commercial components (Mikrotik)
• Weatherproofed
WORK IN PROGRESS – FUTURE CHALLENGES
New: acoustic emissions
Aim: To understand the importance that ice-segregation, volume expansion and thermal cycling have on rock damage in natural conditions – to infer instability zones.
• Continuous measurement, transmission of event statistics
• Storage of raw traces• Auxiliary data (temperature, moisture, camera,
… )
L. Girard
New: slope movement
Aim: To understand cryosphere-related slope movements based on their temporal patterns of acceleration and deceleration.
• Continuous GPS (years)• Daily fix (accuracy: few mm)• Auxiliary data (2 axis inclination, camera,
temperatures, … )• Several locations
V. WirzS. Endrizzi / P. Limpach
Next: high-resolution imaging
• Remote gigapixel panoramas as time-lapse movies• 400’000-500’000 pixel (Nikon D300s @ 300mm)
C1: Reliability – Predictability
Algorithms and system components MUST be designed in a way that allow a
deterministic result; even over a network ensemble with variable demand/resources.
C2: Tomography/Performance Analysis
Develop a set of tools/methods that allows to understand and learn from
system behavior
C3: Control of Complex Sensors
Constant rate sampling with static configurations was relatively easy. Non-
uniform rate sampling, variable resources & communication capabilities, multi-CPU architectures, disconnected operation…
C4: Composition of Heterogeneous Systems
We want to continue to scale and compose our systems from building
block (with known properties)