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8/2/2019 Future of Metering
1/20
22 October 2008
The future of metering
Innovation Day 2008
Alistair Morfey
8/2/2019 Future of Metering
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2
Whats the problem ?
Climate
Small increases in average
temperature can have a
big effect.
Glacier melts in Greenlandand Antarctic (e.g Wilkins)
would cause significant rise
in sea level.
Increased energy in
weather system is released
through bigger storms.
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Whats the problem ?
Energy Security
UK total energyconsumption = 125kWh/day per person
40 = transport
40 = heating/cooling
45 = electricitygeneration (18 to enduser)
Concerns over price andsupply security
Oil
Gas
Power stations reachingend of life
Coal
Nuclear
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Legislation
EU Triple-20 by 2020 (v 1990)
20% reduction of energy consumption
20% reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions
20% of energy from renewables
UK 2050 targets (v 1990)
80% reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions
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Whats wrong with the humble meter ?
Stand-alone No communications
Manual meter reading
Awkward locations for user. No supportfor Energy Displays
Meters fixed as Credit or Pre-Payment
No support for micro-generation
No integration with Home-Automation
No support for intelligent grid or demand-side management
No support for time-of-use tariffs No consumption logs
Site visits required for a number offunctions (inc disconnection !)
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What do we need to do ?
Generate energy from sources with low CO2emissions :
Nuclear
Renewables (Hydro, Solar, Wind, Wave)
Intelligent Grid
Smart Meters can help
Micro-generation
Smart Meters can help
Consume less energy
Smart Meters can help
European governments now want domesticSmart Meters (at least for Electricity and Gas)
but not prepared to pay for it themselves !
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What are Smart Meters ?
Energy Meters with 2-way communications
Electricity, Gas, Water, Heat (EGWH)
Domestic and Commercial
Required functionality varies nationally
Most countries have focussed on
Electricity (meters and infra-structure)
Information between meter and
Supplier (not User).
Single Supplier to home for multiple
utilities (pre de-regulation) Credit meters only (no money-
handling)
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What needs to be connected ?
PC
Washing
Machine
Energy
Display
Electricity
Meter
TV
House
HAN 1 = Channel 5 ?
Meters in Flats
Channel 1
Last Mile LAN
Uses Same LAN technology as HAN s
e.g GSM
Street Data
Concentrator
Up to 1000
houses ?
LAN
Gateway
National
Comms
National
e.g GSM
Energy
Suppliers
Meters in Basement
Washing
Machine
Electricity
Meter
Gas
Meter
EnergyDisplay
HAN 3 = Channel 2 ? HAN 4 = Channel
12 ?
Washing
Machine
Energy
Display
Electricity
Meter
Gas
Meter
HAN 5 = C hannel
7 ?
Washing
Machine
Energy
Display
Electricity
Meter
Gas
Meter
Gas
Meter
Washing
Machine
Electricity
Meter
Gas
Meter
TV
HAN 2 = Channel 11 ?
Homes in :
Houses
Blocks of Flats
Meters in Flat
Meters in Basement
Data concentrators ?
Central Information Systems
White boxes
Not owned by Home
e.g Meters
Revolutionary roll-out
Green boxes
Owned by Home
Evolutionary adoption
Integration with Home-Automation
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Smart meters in Victorian terraced house
Internet
WAN
Display LAN
Washing
MachineLAN
Freezer LAN
PC
Switched ,
Metered ,
Domestic Gas
Supply
Switched , Metered ,
Domestic Electricity
Supply
E
meterUI
Opto
LAN
Gme
terUI
Opto
LAN
WAN
GatewayOpto
LAN
Un-switched ,
Un-metered ,
Limited (series
capacitor ?), Fused ,
Electricity Supply
Fuse Box
Main
Fuse
LAN
Under-stairs
Cupboard
W
meter
Opto UI
LAN
Front
Door
TV LAN
Meters are still in the same locations :
Unfriendly for User access
Need wireless links to devices in Home
Flat peer to peer LAN
More flexible than a Master-Slave
hierarchical system :
New devices
New commercial model
Pool of energy information enables more
intelligent energy decisions :
Manually (User reads Display)
Automatically (Appliance chooses a
cheap/low carbon time to run) Supports separate Gas and Electricity Suppliers
Gas suppliers do not like communications
via E-meter
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Smart Meters around world to date
Italy 30M E-meters with PLC (Enel)
Sweden E-meters with GSM
Australia E-meter trial in Victoria
North America
E-meters in California
E-meters in Ontario
Netherlands Large national programme for
EGWH-meters. Specifications and trials.
Germany specifications and trials underway.
France ERDF starting implementation of PLC
infra-structure for 35M E-meters
Spain Trials and research for EG-meters
UK LAN and WAN specifications being led by
ERA for EG-meters
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International v National
Energy Suppliers are international, e,g in GB(not Northern Ireland) :
British Gas (Centrica)
EDF (France)
E.ON (Germany)
nPower (RWE, Germany)
Scottish Power (Iberdrola, Spain)
Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE)
Meter Manufacturers are international, e.g :
Elster
Itron/Actaris
Landis+Gyr
Smart Meter requirements are national ! Ownership
De-regulation
Commercial model
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GB Smart Meter Requirements
Electricity and Gas Domestic Meters
Interoperable standards No meter changerequired when User changes Supplier(currently 100k/week)
Make E and G meters look as similar aspossible to the User
Configure for Credit or Pre-Payment (Pay asyou Go)
contain switch or valve
handle money
handle time-of-use tariffs (30 min)
2-way Comms LAN (inside Home)
WAN (back to Central Information System)
Support Micro-Generation Remote configuration (inc software upgrades)
Energy Logs
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UK Organisations Involved
Government
BERR
DECC (Dept Energy and Climate
Change) from BERR and DEFRA
Regulator
Ofgem
Suppliers
ERA (Energy Retail Association)
BG, EDF, E.ON, nPower, SSE, SP
Development of new LAN and WAN
standards is being led by : ERA
DECC
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Engineers v Economists
Stake Holders
Users
Energy Suppliers
Grid operators
Economy of Scale v Competition
Engineers want standardisation andhigh volume
Economists want competition at everylevel in the commercial model
We have to identify architectures thatsatisfy both the above with :
Long roadmap (3 meters = 45 years)
High functionality
Low cost
Low power consumption
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GB Roll-out
25M Homes
25M E-meters
22M G-meters
5 year roll-out (2011-2016 ?) 180k meters/week
Replacement roll-out (15 year)
60k meters/week
Misses 2017 target completion
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Technical difficulties
Gas (and Water) meters dont have power
Target is 15 year operation from one LithiumAA cell
Average consumption = 15uA at 3V
Blocks of flats
Meters can be remote from Homes
Communications partitioning
LAN, inside home, not political
WAN, outside home, political, commercialmodel, ownership structure
Data
Security
Ownership Flexibility v Cost
2 or 3 box solutions ?
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GB LAN Options
ERA / SRSM Committee :
www.energy-retail.org.uk/smartmeters
Licenced Band
184 MHz
Unlicensed bands
868 MHz 2.4 GHz
6 standards still being considered :
Wireless M-Bus at 868 MHz
Wavenis at 868 MHz
Z-Wave at 868 MHz
ZigBee at 868 MHz
ZigBee at 2.4 GHz
Bluetooth Low Energy at 2.4 GHz
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Metrology
All European devices must be MID approved
Measuring Instruments Directive
In general the industry is happy with existing sensortechnologies :
Mechanical bellows gas meters
Solid state electricity meters
Most R&D effort is focussed on :
Communications
Payment mechanisms
User interface
with :
Low cost
Low power Flexibility
Long roadmap
Software upgrades (in field)
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How can we help you ?
Climate
Energy Security
Legal
Standards
RF
Wireless
MechanicsElectronics
Software
Users
Suppliers
Government
Product
Definition
Market
Model
Design
Process
Metering
Products
Metering
Products
Metering
Products
Client ?
Meters (EGWH)Displays
Gateways
? ...
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Thank you
Questions ?