Faisal Aijaz (100456)

M.Irtaza Bhatti (100460)

Taimoor Tareen (100480)

Naeem Rasti (100463)

Future of

Mechatronics

in

Engineering

Submitted to:

Ms. Nailah Riaz

Dated : 16 APR 012

Department of Mechatronics Engineering 4A

1

Table of contents

1 Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………….……….1

2 List of illustration …………………………………………………………………………..….2

3 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….………….3

4 Letter of transmittal……………………………………………………………………..……4

5 Summary ……………………..…………………………………………………………………..5

6 Chapter 1:Mechatronics An Introduction…………………………….…..6

1.1 A brief background …………………………………………………………….………8

1.2 Importance of Mechatronics……………………………………….….………….8

1.3 The dream comes true ……………………………………….………………………9

1.4 Application of industrial robots…………………………………………………..10

1.5 Course distribution in AU…………………..……………………………………….11

7 Chapter 2: Mechatronics Vs Mechanical………………………………14

2.1 Division of engineers in industry………………………………………..…….14

2.2 MTS in field…………………………………………………………………………………15

2.3 working of Mechanical engineers………………………………………………16

2.4 electronics engineers…………………………………………………………….……17

2.5 services of MTS for industries…………………………………….……………..17

2.6 MTS: The demand of industry……………………………………….…………..18

8 Chapter 3:Mechatronics: The need of modern age……………….21

3.1 Automation…………………………………………………………………….…………..21

3.2 Why automation is so important………………………………………….…..22

3.3 Industrial automation ………………………………………………………………23

10 Chapter 5: Mechatronics for graduates: The expert advices 25

5.1 Control systems………………………………………………………………..………..26

5.2 Digital imaging ………………………………………………………………..………..26

5.3 Embedded systems…………………………………………………….……………..26

5.4 system modeling and simulation ……………………………………………...27

5.5 Universities offering MTS in Pakistan ……….……………………………..28

11 Appendix A ……………………………………………………………………………………….29

12 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….30

2

List of Illustration

Fig 1.1. Showing MTS interdisciplinary ……………………………………………………….6

Fig 1.2. Illustration of Mechatronics ………………………………………..…………………..7

Fig 1.3 showing response of AU students……………………………………………..……..9

Fig 1.4 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS……………………………….13

Table 1.1 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS…………………………....12

Fig 2.1 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola ,2005………………..……19

Fig 2.2 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola ,2010……………………..19

Fig 3.1 response of Q.1……………………………………………………………………………….…22

Fig 5.1 showing the suggestions of experts about field of engineering …….25

Fig 5.2 showing the suggestions of experts about types of engineers in

industry………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27

3

Acknowledgement

The special thank goes to our helpful supervisor ,Ms. Nailah Riaz. The

supervision and the lectures that gave truly help the progression to make

this report the good piece of technical writing.

A big contribution from team members during the project is very great

indeed. Besides ,this report program make me realize the value of working

together as a team. The whole program really brought us together to

appreciate the true value of friendship and respect of each other.

We are also very thankful to Mr. Rizwan Rauf Malik (Lab engineer AU

Islamabad ), Mr. Hassan bin Aqeel (maintenance engineer in Coca-

Cola industries Lahore),and definitely the main source of data for our

report the internet.

4

Letter of transmittal

Date : 17 Apr 2012

To : Ms. Nailah Riaz

Facilitator of technical writing(TW) course

From: Group #5,BEMTS 4A

Subject : Research project of TW titled “Future of Mechatronics in

Engineering”

Attached is my research project report “Future of Mechatronics in

engineering” of TW.

The report will help the reader to get introduction with Mechatronics it’s

application, about its course contents and the structure of MTS. This report

will also help to motivate the reader about this new field in engineering.

The great effort of the group members and the guidance of the facilitator

helps a lot in the report.

5

Summary

This report appreciates the students to get admitted in Mechatronics

engineering. Especially the students of intermediation searching for the

fields to get admission this report will greatly help them to get know basics

about MTS. The report will help the reader to get introduction with

Mechatronics it’s application, about its course contents and the structure of

MTS. This report will also help to motivate the reader about this new field in

engineering.

This modern age demands intelligently engineered products which are time,

fuel efficient and reliable. This high demand of efficiency in the products can

only be achieved by the effective combination of mechanical devices to

incorporate with electronics devices. Hence the term “Automation” is well

known to MTS engineers which have brought unexpected ease in this

modern life.

The comparison with mechanical in terms of courses depicts the great

similarity between them. The future of Mechatronics in Pakistan is so good

due to crisis but in abroad there will be more opportunities for MTS

engineers to serve better. The experts also suggests for specialization in

specific field . The vast options of masters for Mechatronics Engineers adds

another plus point in the carrier.

6

Chapter # 1 Mechatronics An Introduction

echatronics is the good amalgam of mechanical, electronics

,computer systems integrated via control systems.

Mechatronics is the new born in the field of engineering.

.figure 1(fig 1-1) illustrates the interdependency of Mechatronics to other

departments of the engineering

1. 1http://thegreatpakistanis.com/uploads/mechatro_png/uni

offering.png

M

fig 1-1

7

Mechatronics engineering is the discipline of the engineering which concern

with the research, design and the implementation of the intelligently

engineered products. Mechatronics is centered on mechanics, electronics,

control systems and computing which combined give the more economical,

versatile and reliable system to meet the requirements of the modern age.

As the name depicts the combination of Mecha and tronics mecha from

mechanical and tronics from electronics or the computer related section. The

following figure2 shows the same

Fig1.2illustration of Mechatronics

“The word ,Mechatronics is composed of mecha from mechanics and

tronics from electronics In other words, technologies and developed products will be incorporating electronics more and more into

mechanisms, intimately and organically, and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other3 ”

2http://gk12.poly.edu/amps-cbri/pdf/Intro%20to%20Mechatronics.pdf 3 T. Mori, “Mechatronics,” Yasakawa Internal Trademark Application Memo,

21.131.01, July 12, 1969

8

1.1 A brief background

Mechatronics, the term coined in Japan in 70’s has evolved to symbolize

what mechanical design engineers do today worldwide. The evolution of

microcontrollers in the field of electronics in 80’s changed the paradigm of

the mechanical engineering forever and has broadened the definition of the

Mechatronics to include intelligent control and automatic decision making4.

1.2Importance of Mechatronics

e came across many Mechatronics devices in our daily life. It

ranges from the intelligent washing machine, cameras, even

if the heating jugs to the complex luxury cars. In industry it

is hard to find any machinery without automation system. To

meet the requirements of the modern industry as well to

provide the smart devices to the customers it became very important to

introduce this new field so that the combined knowledge of different

disciplines of the engineering helps to increase the efficiency of the people.

The question arises that how’s that became possible? The answer of this

question will be given in the upcoming section.

According to the survey of AU the students of department other than MTS

also knows a bit about this field, which shows the grooming of the field in

short period of time. The question asked were

Q1. Do you know that the MTS is interdisciplinary area relating to

mechanical, electronics and computer sciences.

Q2. Do you know that the courses of MTS are mainly same as that of

Mechanical?

4http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SPIE.4334..291R

w

9

Q3. Do you think that the robots will help the industry to be more efficient.

The response of the students were

Fig 1.3 showing response of the students

1.3 The dream comes true

Can you imagine that the machines replace the human beings in the future,

Now this dream would definitely be true in the near future. To some extent it

became true today .The examples of industrial robots which are currently

serving in the industries show the bright future of this field.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4.

Response of AU students

Yes

NO

I don't know

10

How it became possible?

This course provides the heavy knowledge about the basics of electronics,

control systems along with hardware and software and various machine

related works. The Mechatronics engineer design a mechanical device which

incorporate with electronic devices making it controllable using

microcontrollers. The use of electronic devices make them superior to

mechanical devices because the use of microcontrollers make them

automatic decision makers. This replaces the mechanical input or decision

maker which is often a human being by a simple electronic circuit. The best

example of this is the industrial robots.

1.4 Applications of the industrial robots

The Robot is, of course, the ultimate Mechatronics System.

Now a day’s industrial robots are extensively used in the developed

industries which results in enhanced and efficient output. Some of the typical

use of industrial robots are

1. Assembling of components

2. Packaging purposes

3. Material handling

4. Fluid dispensing

5. Laser integration and processing

Other robots are also working efficiently now a days. The some applications

of robots are

Telemedicine/Telesurgery

Unmanned vehicles

Humanoids

Manufacturing automation

11

1.5 Courses distribution in Air University

The interdependency of the MTS to the other departments of engineering

can be explained in the light of the structure of the program.

The survey of the prospectus of Air University shows the course of

MTS contains same as that of the mechanical with the addition of electronics

and some courses of Mechatronics like

Advance Mechatronics

Industrial Mechatronics

Embedded systems in Mechatronics

Microprocessor & microcontrollers and

Applied Mechatronics

The detailed comparison of courses of MTS and Mechanical in AU5 is

given below. This table helps greatly to get know that the mainly

courses of MTS are same as that of Mechanical.

MECHATRONICS MECHANICAL Semester credit hours CP CP first 4

calculus 1 calculus 1 first 3

communication skills communication skills first 3

physics physics first 4

workshop workshop first 1

CAD CAD first 1

Islamic studies Islamic studies second 2

calculus 2 calculus 2 second 3

5 This detail refers to Prospectus of AU 2011

12

Engineering statics Engineering statics second 3

ODE ODE second 4

Engineering

Dynamics

Engineering

Dynamics third 3

MoM's MoM's third 4

Pak studies Pak studies third 2

TW TW fourth 3

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics fourth 2

Probability & statics Probability & statics fourth 3

thermo fluids 2 thermo fluids 2 fifth 2

I&M I&M fifth 4

Machine Design Machine Design fifth 4

numerical analysis numerical analysis sixth 3

control engineering control engineering sixth 4

social sciences social sciences sixth 2

final year project 1 final year project 1 sixth 1

final year project 2 final year project 2 seventh 2

technical elective technical elective seventh 3

CAE CAE eight 3

final year project 3 final year project 3 eight 3 mechanical

vibrations

mechanical

vibrations eight 3 heat and mass

transfer

heat and mass

transfer fifth 3

fluid mechanics fluid mechanics sixth 3

Total

85

Comparison of Mechanical and MTS in Air university

MTS Mechanical

No. of

courses

44 51

Credit

Hours

139 139

Labs 24 28

13

Table 1.1 showing the comparison of courses

The following data shows the similarity of the courses on MTS and

mechanical engineering offered in the Air university.

Fig 1.4 showing credit hours wise distribution of MTS

From the data given above it become clear that the mainly the course MTS

comprises of same as that of mechanical but the mixture with electronics

and computer sciences make it different from the mechanical

mechanical, 85

electronics, 50

computer engineering, 4

Chart showing the credit hours wise distribution of MTS

14

Chapter # 2

Mechatronics Vs. Mechanical

The mechanical and electronics engineer has different field areas in industry

but the services of engineers falls mainly into three categories

Production engineer

Maintenance engineer

Control /instrument engineer

2.1 Division of engineers in industry

2.1.1 Production engineer

The main purpose of production engineer is to work out for the new

products and to enhance the output of the industry. For example the

production engineer in the Honda automobiles would work only on the

new models of the cars .

2.1.2 Maintenance engineer

The working of the maintenance engineer is to maintain the plant in

correct working condition .If any error or problem occurs, engineer

have to detect it ,repair that part or replace it with correct one.

2.1.3 Control/instrument engineer

Their tasks in industry are to survey, and design the equipment

according to the industry requirements.

15

2.2 MTS Engineers in Field

A Mechatronics engineer unites the principles of mechanics,

electronics, and computing to generate a simpler, more

economical and reliable system. We took a survey on Pakistani

industries and took some interviews of their engineers related to

their work or services they provide to industry .It is viewed that

Mechatronics engineers perform multitasks due to their

knowledge, so industry prefer them.

2.2.1 An interview with Engr. Saqib basheer

In an interview a Mechatronics engineer Saqib Basher

working in PepsiCo company ,industrial area Lahore( who is

graduated from the air university Islamabad in 2010.Now a days

he is working at PepsiCo Company Lahore as an instrumentation

engineer) told that some years ago, industry hires mechanical

and electronics engineers to run the industry according to their

fields. But when the Mechatronics engineering came in to field,

initially authorities of industries did not know the importance of

this field but with the passage of time they realize that this is a

composite engineering and the engineers of this field have batter

knowledge about three different fields at a time. So it is batter to

appoint a Mechatronics engineer rather than to appoint three

different engineers for the mechanical, electrical and computer

science field. Now a day’s machinery is composite of mechanical

structure, electronics devices and these devices are operated with

the computers. These types of composite machinery or systems

are perfectly deal by the Mechatronics engineers. Because the

Mechatronics engineering covers the all three areas of which

machinery or systems based of overall.

16

2.3 Working of Mechanical Engineers:

Mechanical Engineers apply the principles of physics and

materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and

maintenance of mechanical system

Industries require engineers with understanding of core concepts

including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials

science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these

core principles along with tools like computer-aided

engineering and product lifecycle management to design and

analyze manufacturing, industrial equipment and

machinery, heating and cooling

systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical

devices and more

It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and

usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production,

and operation of machines and tools.

2.3.1 Interview with Rizwan Rauf Malik

A mechanical engineer Mr. Rizwan Rauf malik 6 worked as

Inspection and Design engineer at Attock Oil Refinery in 2009-

2010 told us that mechanical engineers work mostly in one of

the two sides in field

Maintenance Engineer

Instrument and design Engineer.

6 Currently serving as Lab engineer in AU

17

2.4 Electronics Engineer

Electrical engineer uses science, technology, and problem-solving skills to

design, construct, and maintain products, services, and information

systems.

Responsibilities

Their Job responsibilities include specification, design, development, and

implementation of products or systems, as well as research to create new

ideas problem identification and the selection of appropriate technical

solutions, materials, test equipment, and procedures, to the manufacture

and production of safe, economical, high-performance products and services.

2.5 Services of MTS for industries

Mechatronics is well-suited to the industry as it provides the right mixture of

mechanical, electronics, and computer Programming to enable an engineer

to grapple with the essentials. Robotics is the application of Mechatronics to

create robots, which are often used in industry to perform tasks that are

dangerous

unpleasant

repetitive

2.5.1 Development in Automobiles industry

Just one area where it will become more important is the area of

transportation where we could be moving to a future of electric vehicles. The

luxury cars now a days is one of the great fruits of the MTS.

18

2.6 MTS: The demand of industry

The vast scope of MTS in industry make it highly demanding . The following

statistical data reveals the same

2.6.1 Survey of Coca-Cola industry Lahore

During our survey in Coca-Cola company industrial area Lahore,

their maintenance executive engineer Hassan bin Aqeel who is

graduated from NUST in 2010 told that Coca-Cola industry

Lahore has total 8 engineers, out of which 3 are mechatronics,1

is mechanical ,one electronics and 3 other engineers. he told that

in many industries specially food industries and those industries

where the automotive machines works they prefer engineer who

have knowledge of both electronics as well as mechanical system.

so mechanical and electronics engineers are replaces by

mechatronics engineers in such industries.

19

Fig 2.1 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola, 2005

Fig 2.2 showing the employed engineers in Coca-Cola, 2010

0.00%

0.05%

0.10%

0.15%

0.20%

0.25%

0.30%

0.35%

0.40%

0.45%

mechatronics mechanical electronics others

Percentage of engineers in Pepsi Co,2005 lahore

Column2

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Mechatronics electronics mechanical other

Percentage of engineers in Pepsi Co,2010 lahore

Series 1

20

The statistical data shows the growing demand of MTS engineers in field.

The other fields like

Aerospace

Oil and Gas industries

Cement industries

Are also hiring the MTS engineers for their industries. The improvement can

be achieved in MTS on the cost of increasing difficulty level of the course.

21

Chapter # 3 Automation: The Need of Modern Age

In this chapter we will focus on the most important applications of MTS

“Automation” which is efficiently working today. The center of

discussion of this chapter will be to give acquaintance about

automation terminology of MTS which is tremendously serving the

world.

3.1 Automation:

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to

reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.

Due to this reason the students of MTS thought that the future of

engineering is mechatronics engineering.

Q1. Do you agree that Mechatronics is the future of engineering?

The response was

22

Fig 3.1 response of Q.1

3.2 why Automation is so important

In the scope of industrialization , automation is a step

beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators

with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work,

automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental

requirements as well.

Automation serves humanity in various fields but the services in terms of

Reliability and precision

Health and environment

Convertibility and turnaround time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Category 1

response of students on Q 1

yes

no

I don't know

23

3.2.1 Reliability and precision

Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the

manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.

Example:

For example, internal combustion engine pistons used to be installed

manually. This is rapidly being transitioned to automated machine

installation, because the error rate for manual installment was around 1-

1.5% , but has been reduced to 0.00001% with automation.

3.2.2 Health and environment

The costs of automation to the environment are different depending on

the technology, product or engine automated. There are automated engines that consume more energy resources from the Earth in

comparison with previous engines and those that do the opposite too.

Hazardous operations, such as oil refining, the manufacturing

of industrial chemicals, and all forms of metal working, were always early contenders for automation.

3.2.3 Convertibility and turnaround time

Another major shift in automation is the increased demand for flexibility and

convertibility in manufacturing processes. Manufacturers are increasingly

demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing Product A to

manufacturing Product B without having to completely rebuild the production

lines. Flexibility and distributed processes have led to the introduction

of Vehicles with Natural Features Navigation.

24

3.3 Industrial automation

Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energy-efficient drive systems by precise measurement and control technologies. Nowadays

energy efficiency in industrial processes are becoming more and more relevant. Semiconductor companies like Infineon Technologies are offering

8-bit microcontroller applications for example found in motor controls, general purpose pumps, fans, and bikes to reduce energy consumption and

thus increase efficiency. One of Infineon`s 8-bit product line found in industrial automation is theXC800 family.

25

Chapter # 5 Mechatronics for Graduates : The Expert advices

The survey to the faculty members of MTS department of AU

recommends the following topics for study and research

Control Systems

Digital Imaging Embedded Systems

Mechatronics and Automation

Systems Modeling and Simulation

According to survey the experts suggests

26

Fig 5.1 showing the suggestions of experts about various field of engineering

5.1 Control system

This module shows you how to analyses problems of industrial control

systems and presents several methods used in control design and

implementation. It covers

feedback control systems; analysis of dynamic responses of systems and how this is affected by

the feedback loop; design methods for continuous-time control systems;

an introduction to discrete time systems;

methods for analysis of discrete time systems; an introduction to modern control system design methods; and

the functionality of computer control design software.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

automation robotics control automobiles

showing suggestions of expert about different fields

Column1

27

5.2 Digital Imaging

Microcontrollers are now found in almost all appliances and equipment. This module introduces you to the architecture of microcomputers for embedded

applications. It covers:

principles of programming of microcomputers, using both low-level

languages and high-level, model-based design tools; and real-time implementation issues with the help of practical examples.

5.3 Embedded Systems

This module introduces the ideas and concepts behind image processing and analysis - as used in applications such as image enhancement, industrial inspection and medical image analysis.

It covers how to specify and apply the relevant algorithms and techniques to solve a variety of problems in computer vision, such as industrial and

medical inspection and CCTV surveillance.

Mechatronics and automation was explained in chapter#4 Automation

5.4 Systems Modeling and Simulation

This module explores:

the use of computers to improve planning and control in industrial

companies; and the techniques and methods in computer discrete simulation modeling.

You gain an understanding of the basics and benefits of discrete simulation modeling and how it can be applied to industry.

28

In Pakistan most field related demand is in the departments of control

systems, digital imaging and automation. The experts are suggests to be the

control engineers

Fig 5.2 shoeing the suggestions of experts about types of engineers in industry

5.5 Universities offering MTS in Pakistan

Universities offering MS in mechatronics include:

1) Air university Islamabad

2) University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

3) National University of Science and Technology Islamabad

4) SZABIST Karachi

Rest above mentioned masters are offered in almost all engineering

universities in Pakistan.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

control maintenance production

Series 1

Series 1

29

Appendix A

MTS Mechatronics

I&M instrumentation and measurement

CAD computer aided drawing

CAE computer aided drawing

MOM mechanics of material

CV curriculum vitea

AU Air university

CP computer programming

TW technical writing

BEMTS bachelor of mechatronics engineering

30

References

http://www.engineering.uq.edu.au/mechatronic.html

http://educationportal.com/articles/Mechatronics_Masters_Degree_Pro

gram_Information.html

http://educationportal.com/articles/Mechatronics_Masters_Degree_Pro

gram_Information.html

Rizwan rauf malik lab engineer AU

Engr. Hassan bin aqeel maintenance engineer at coca-cola industry

Lahore

T. Mori, “Mechatronics,” Yasakawa Internal Trademark Application

Memo,

21.131.01, July 12, 1969