Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G.rdantu/SPRING_2006_ADVANCED_W… · · 2006-03-27Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G. SudheerKumar Adumulla

SudheerAdvanced Wireless Communications &

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Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G.

Sudheer Kumar Adumulla29 March 2006


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Outline

� Introduction

� Wireless Networking Generations

� Issues in 3G

� What is 4G

� Beyond 3G & 4G

� Conclusion

� References


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Introduction

� Mobile communications systems are the realization of the “anytime, anywhere, anyone” concept.

� Initial systems were for voice .

� Wireless network subscription has increased due to:

♦ continuous development of new technologies

♦ expansion of service areas

♦ increased popularity of mobile communications

� Availability of data services has had a major impact on people’s lifestyles.

� Status of mobile communications is changing from “complementary” to “requisite”.


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Introduction (cont….)

� An increasing portion of wireless traffic is data traffic, e.g. messages.

� New wireless services can be classified as:

♦ Social communication and safety, e.g., video-telephony, photo messaging, alarm notification

♦ Time saving and empowerment, e.g., online shopping and banking, remote control of home

♦ Fun and pleasure, e.g., games, music, sports information

� Milestones in wireless networking aim at faster bit rates and wider service areas.


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Outline

� Introduction


� Issues in 3G

� What is 4G

� Beyond 3G & 4G

� Conclusion

� References


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Wireless Networking Generations

� Generations are classified according to air interfaces

� 1G: deployed in the 1980s was based on analog FM transmission technologies.

� 2G: introduced on market in 1991 applied digital technologies such as TDMA, GSM, 2G systems offered higher capacity and lower costs for network operators as well as short messages and low-rate data services for users.


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Wireless Networking Generations [2]

� “2.5G”: introduced ability to use packet switched radio connections over the air. For GSMsystems, this is the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).GPRS offers users the opportunity to always be online but only be charged for data transferred.

� 3G: achieves a maximum bit rate of 2 Mbps and offers packet-switched multimedia services (data, video, etc.) as well as circuit-switched voice services.

Sudheer

Advanced Wireless Communications &

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Building Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks with Lo

John Heidemann ,Fabio Silva ,ChalermekIntanagonwiwat,Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin and Deepak Ganesan


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Generations and technologies


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Outline

� Introduction


� Issues in 3G

� What is 4G

� Beyond 3G & 4G

� Conclusion

� References


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Issues in 3G

� Access Dispersion.

� Security.

� Protocols.


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Access Dispersion

� Access to the interet today is very dispersed.

� Each of those have their own functionalities to authenticate and charge the usage

� Interworking of networks is very limited.


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Access Dispersion


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Access Convergence

� Everybody should have seamless access to all services independently of your location and terminal type.

� Usage of the networks should be also very simple and seamless the user does not even recognize that the access network has changed.

� Charging principles should be unified and fair for easy usage.

� Security has to be always confirmed where ever the service is used.


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Access Convergence


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Software Radio

� Enables the creation of open APIs for the radio interface and reduces the number of radio components.

� This is very essential to increase the battery life and make the seamless operations simpler.

� Intelligent terminals may benefit a lot of the multimode features.

For ex: there is no reason to deliver High Quality TV picture via Cellular networks if TV broadcasting can be utilized.


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Issues in 3G


� Security.

� Protocols.


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security

� There are two names you need to know in a wireless network:

1. Station (STA)

2. Access point (AP)

� There are two different modes of wireless networking:

1. Ad hoc mode, or independent basic service set

2. Infrastructure mode, or basic service set


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Security (The attack methodology)

� Footprint the wireless network Locate and understand your target.

� Passive attack Analyze the network traffic or break the WEP.

� Authentication and authorization Determine what methods are enforced and how they can be circumvented.

� Active attack Launch denial of service (DoS) attack


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Footprint the wireless network

� Interaction between STA and AP

� Make sure an AP is available

� Authenticate with the AP

� Establish an association with the AP

� Active method

� Passive method


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Passive Attack

� Clear Text Traffic

� Problems with WEP

� Brute Force Attack

� Duplicate IV

� Chosen/Known Plaintext

� Weakness in Key Generation

� Bit-Manipulation Attack


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Authentication and Authorization

� Open Authentication

� Shared Secret Authentication


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Active Attacks and Denial of Service

� Physical Level1. Physical destruction

2. Interference

� Protocol Level


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Proposed solutions

� Change the SSID.

� Configure the AP correctly.

� Do not depend on WEP.

� Adopt another authentication/authorization mechanism.

� Segment the wireless network.

� Prevent physical access.


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Issues in 3G


� Security.

� Protocols.


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Protocols

� IP will play major role in the future networks.

� IP will be like a water or electricity; it is everywhere and easy to access.

� The visions where even dogs and fridges will have their own IP addresses will inevitably require IPv6 update for all the IP networks.

� Surely there will be a transition period between IPv4 and v6 networks.

� The enhanced address space, built-in security, QoS .


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Draw backs of IPv4

� Triangular network.

� Handoff between different technologies.

� DAD in Ad-Hoc networks.


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Triangular network


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Mobile Routing Table


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MRT


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Vertical Hand-off


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Vertical Hand-off


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DAD in Ad-Hoc networks.


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Leader election algorithm


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Multi-Hop network.


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Outline

� Introduction


� Issues in 3G

� What is 4G

� Beyond 3G & 4G

� Conclusion

� References


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GPRS gives better geographical coverage than 3G


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WLANs will always offer better bandwidth

than 3G


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3G only adds performance in a small part of the trade-off diagram if compared to GPRS together with WLANs


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Outline

� Introduction


� Issues in 3G

� What is 4G

� Beyond 3G & 4G

� Conclusion

� References


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4G

2010

DiverseUser

Devices

FullyConverged

Services

UbiquitousMobileAccess

SoftwareDependency

AutonomousNetworks

2010

DiverseUser

Devices

FullyConverged

Services

UbiquitousMobileAccess

SoftwareDependency

AutonomousNetworks


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Vision 2010 Elements (1/2)Fully converged services

Personal communications, information systems, broadcast and entertainment will have merged into a seamless pool of content available according to the user's requirement. The user will have access to a wider range of services and applications, available conveniently, securely and in a manner reflecting the user's personal preferences.

Ubiquitous mobile accessThe dominant mode of access to this pool of content will be mobile, accounting for all voice communications, the majority of high-speed information services, and a significant proportion of broadcast and entertainment. Mobile access to commercial and retail services will be the norm, replacing current practices in most cases.

Diverse user devicesThe user will be served by a wide variety of low-cost mobile devices to access content conveniently and seamlessly. These devices will commonly be wearable -in some cases disposable - and will normally be powered independently of the mains. Devices will interact with users in a multi-sensory manner, encompassing not only speech, hearing and sight, but also the other human senses, biological and environmental data pertinent to the application. Special devices tailored for people with disabilities will be commonplace.


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Vision 2010 Elements (2/2)Autonomous networks

Underlying these systems will be highly autonomous adaptive networks capable of self-management of their structure to meet users' changing and evolving demands, for both services and capacity. Efficient and cost-effective use of the radio spectrum will be an essential element of their operation, and here too autonomy and self-management will be the norm.

Software dependency

Intelligent Mobile Agents will exist throughout the networks and in user devices, acting continually to simplify tasks and ensure transparency to the user. These Mobile Agents will act at all levels, from managing an individual user's content preferences, to organising and reconfiguring major elements of networks.


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Beyond 3G & 4G


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Beyond 3G & 4G


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Lateral thinking

� Plasmon nano particles.

� Electrons will be replaced by photons.

� No semiconductors devices.

� Existing technology may change completely.

� Future is uncertain.


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Conclusion

�New generations of wireless networking terrestrial wireless [cellular] or satellite) will result in higher rate integrated communications

�The complexity of the management of network resources (e.g. bandwidth, power, capacity) will be significant with increasing generation or evolution.

Finally

The key words in current generation S3(Scalable,Seamless and Simple will become C3 (Contents, Connection and Consumption).


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Conclusion


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References

� T. Otsu et. al. “Network Architecture for Mobile Communications Systems Beyond IMT-2000”, IEEE Personal Communications, October 2001, pp. 31 - 37

� M. Frodigh et. al. “Future-Generation Wireless Networks”, IEEE Personal Communications, October 2001, pp. 10 - 17

� A. Briaet. al. “4th-Generation Wireless Infrastructures:Scenarios and Research Challenges”, IEEE Personal Communications, December 2001, pp. 25 - 31


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Questions?

Thank you…..

Documents

Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G.rdantu/SPRING_2006_ADVANCED_W… · · 2006-03-27Future-Generation Wireless Networks: Beyond 3G and 4G. SudheerKumar Adumulla