Future Computing and Information Processing

7/25/2019 Future Computing and Information Processing

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Future Directions in

Electronic Computing andInformation Processing

Submitted by:

Yatish Bathla

Hameh !halili


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Why we need this Step?

Early Failure of Moores Law

Negative Result:

o

IBM has recently given up its PC market.o doubts about the "alidity of the #la$% cannegati"ely influence share prices ofProcessor firms

some eotic new technologies such as nanoelectronics or !uantum computing woul" #ea#le to save us from this slow"own


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Moores Law

&he la$ is named after Intel co'founder(ordon E) *oore

+umber of transistors that can be placed

ine,pensi"ely on an integrated circuitdoubles appro,imately e"ery t$o years &he capabilities of many digital electronic

de"ices are strongly lin-ed to *oore.s la$: processing speed memory capacity sensors number and sie of pi,els in digital cameras


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Moores Law

e,ponential impro"ement has dramatically

enhanced the impact of digital electronics in

nearly e"ery segment of the $orld economy

*oore.s la$ describes a dri"ing force of

technological and social change in the late

41th and early 45st centuries

Moores second law: Capital cost of asemiconductor fabrication also increases

e,ponentially o"er time


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Failure Of Moores Law

Failure too- place much earlier in 4116 $henintel7s failed to mo"e from 31 nm to 81 nm

Reason: Decreasing bits'per'9oule energy efficiency

due to the lea-age current synergic effects of the increasing thermal

noise heat dissipation and band$idth duringminiaturiation $ould manifest themsel"es ineither a high bit'error rate or chip o"erheating


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Potential ways of improvements

y classical information

Parallel Processing it cannot sa"e *oore7s la$ because the la$ is

meant for a single chip) E"en if $e disregard

*oore7s la$ $e are facing serious problems $iththe more than 511 ; of today7s microprocessors)

Parallel processing is useful but the help it can

offer is limited by the total energy dissipation of

the computer)


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Sin!le"#lectron $echnolo!y


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%uantum &omputin!

De"ice for computation that ma-es direct use of0uantum mechanical phenomena such as

superposition and entanglement to perform

operations on data

?se 0ubits and represent the state of an n'0ubit

system on a classical computer $ould re0uire

the storage of 4ncomple, coefficients

=arge'scale 0uantum computers could be ableto sol"e certain problems much faster than any

classical computer


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'dvanta!e: %uantum

&omputin!

@ Auantum Fourier transform algorithm to find the period of afunction that is known in ad"ance to be periodice,ponentially faster than $ith a classical algorithm

@ Shor.s algorithm or the simulation of 0uantum many'body

systems calculate almost 41 times faster integerfactoriation as Classical computers

@ pro"ide a polynomial speedup o"er a classical algorithme,ample: #0uantum search% algorithm disco"ered) &his$ould allo$ one to locate a particular

@ item in a #database% of + entries $ith only of the order ofunder root + 0ueries as opposed to the typical order of0ueries +4 one e,pects $hen dealing $ith classicalcomputers


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(isadvanta!e: %uantum

&omputin!

De'coherence: $hen a measurement of any type ismade to a 0uantum system decoherence brea-sdo$n and the $a"e function collapses into a single

state 0ubits are not digital bits of data thus they cannotuse as con"entional error correction

#0uantum CP?% $ill ha"e efficiency and heating

problems of their o$n minimum energy re0uirement for the 0uantumlogical operations is fi"e times than classicalcomputer


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&onclusion

&he e,ponential e"olution of hard$are performance

has ended

space for e"olution is basically in the potential

impro"ement of the efficiency of the soft$are Currently there is no ne$ technology on the horion

to impro"e this efficiency)

In Future near'to'distant future more sophisticated

custom'made parallel'processing clusters as $ell

as con"entional analog optical and 0uantum

computers $ill arise


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Future Computing and Information Processing