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FUTURE CITY PROJECT Distribution and Use of EnergyMark Casto/
Program StaffEMBHSSC - 2012
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U.S. ENERGY USE
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Power Systems
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NATIONAL GRID CONTROL CENTER
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U.S. POWER GRID
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ENERGY CONVERSIONDIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY (HYDRO, NUCLEAR, GAS,
WIND, SOLAR, THERMAL, ETC.) ARE CONVERTED TO ELECTRICAL FORM BY
TURBINE/GENERATOR SETS.A.C.GENERATORTURBINEENERGY SOURCEELECTRICAL
ENERGY
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TURBINE GENERATOR
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STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR
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HYDRO TURBINE GENERATOR
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GENERATOR OUTPUT
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What is load?MOTORS (ROTATING MACHINES)LIGHTSAPPLIANCES,
ELECTRONICSHEATING / COOLINGETC.
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RESIDENTIAL LOADS
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SEASONAL LOAD PROFILES
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Power System Operation DAILY LOAD CYCLEREQUIRED INSTALLED
CAPACITYTIMEPOWERMORNING NOON AFTERNOON NIGHT
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Power System Operation PEAK SHAVINGREQUIRED INSTALLED
CAPACITYTIMEMORNING NOON AFTERNOON NIGHT
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Power System Operation PEAK SHAVINGREQUIRED INSTALLED
CAPACITYTIMEMORNING NOON AFTERNOON NIGHT
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Power System Operation PEAK SHAVINGREQUIRED INSTALLED
CAPACITYTIMEMORNING NOON AFTERNOON NIGHT
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Power System Operation PEAK SHAVINGREQUIRED INSTALLED
CAPACITYTIMEMORNING NOON AFTERNOON NIGHT
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Power System Operation OPTION 1: STORE ENERGY AND USE IT
LATER
BULK ENERGY STORAGE IS EXPENSIVEPUMPED HYDRO (long
term)SUPER-CAPACITORS FLYWHEEL STORAGE
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Power System Operation PUMPED STORAGE:
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Power System Operation OPTION 2: SHIFT LOAD TO SHAVE THE
PEAK
PRICE RESPONSIVE LOADS AND DEMAND MANAGEMENTTIME-OF-DAY
PRICINGCONGESTION PRICINGSMART METERS
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RENEWABLE SOURCESWIND: STRONG MOSTLY IN THE EVENING WHEN THE
LOAD IS LOWMIDDLE OF THE COUNTRY, AND OFF-SHORESOLAR: EFFECTIVE
DURING THE DAYSOUTHERN AND WESTERN STATES
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Power System Operation CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES:PLUG-IN
ELECTRIC VEHICLES, HIGH CHARGING DEMANDMOBILE / DISTRIBUTED
STORAGE
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SOLAR POWER PLANT
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SOLAR POWER TOWER
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MIRRORS/LENSES FOCUSING SUNLIGHT INTO A BEAM
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WIND TURBINES
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WIND ENERGY CONVERSION
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US Wind Resources
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US SOLAR RESOURCE MAP
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US Population
Maphttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/fig12.html
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We are all connected.Low penetration of renewable energy
sourcesDominated by inflexible AC transmissions; large capacity
margin Load variability only; generation following loadLimited
situational awareness; mostly local control
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Todays Challege:
Generating the most power from a solar cell placed on a house
roof top.
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Where do we find solar cells?1-*
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How does a solar cell work?1-*
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Continued1-*
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How are solar cells arranged?1-*
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What angle works best?Today you will:
Build a cardboard house.Place a solar panel on its roof at some
angle.Measure your houses solar output.Graph the data (angle of
roof vs. solar out put)Discuss the results.
1-*
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Graphing Your Data1-*
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