Upload
future-cities-project
View
255
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Smart Cities: Some Activities at the KTH ACCESS Center
Alessandra Parisio
ACCESS Linnaeus Center
Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
2013 Conference, 23rd January, Porto, Portugal
Outline
•Motivation for smartness in cities
•Stockholm Royal Seaport Project
•Virtual Micro-Grid Laboratory
•Energy efficient building climate control
•Conclusion
Motivation
•Urban living and working must be sustainable
• Energy consumption and carbon emissions need to be reduced to improve environmental sustainability and quality of life in cities
•Cities need to be smart
(e.g. smart buildings)
•Need of smart low-cost ICT
solutions
Smart Buildings in Europe
•Large and attractive opportunities exist to reduce buildings’energy use at lower costs and higher returns than in othersectors
•Using more grid electricity from non-fossil sources (such as solarand wind) will help to address climate change
• 40% energy used in buildings
• 76% of this energy goes towards comfortcontrol in buildings – heating, ventilationand air conditioning (HVAC)
International Energy Agency, Energy Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes – Energy Efficiency Policies for New Buildings, 2008.
From a brown field area to a sustainable city district• F
Stockholm Royal Seaport - Now5
From a brown field area to a sustainable city district
Stockholm Royal Seaport - Future6
Stockholm Royal Seaport Project
• Cities responsible for 2/3 of CO2 emissions
• Demand for local
energy generation,
energy efficiency,
robust power supply,
market models,
regulations,…
• Goal: CO2 emissions below 1.5 tons per person by 2020 (today 4.5); fossil fuel-free by 2030
CO2 equivalent
Population
Regional GNP
Virtual Micro-Grid Laboratory
Micro-Grid
Smart House
Smart Appliances
Residential Gateway
Home Automation System
ZigBee
ZigBee
ZigBee
LTE 4G
The Active House in the Royal Seaport
• Smart home appliances and
controllable loads
• ICT system connects
the active house to power
distribution company and
energy market
• Energy management system
to reach the high set climate
goals!
EC
Mobile services
Good night button
Home/away button
Controllable outlet
Switch
Smart dish washer
Control unit Energy meters
Smart washing machine
Smart dryer
Billing
meter
Visualization
Energy Efficient Building Control
Standards: Keep room temperature in comfort range with a given probability
Goal:
Minimize energy usekeeping the same level of service
Method:
Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) using weather and occupancy forecasts
• F. Oldewurtel, A. Parisio, C.N. Jones , D. Gyalistras, M- Gweder, V. Stauch, B. Lehmann and M. Morari, "Use of Model Predictive Control and Weather Predictions for Energy Efficient Building Climate Control", Energy and Building (Elsevier)
• F. Oldewurtel, A. Ulbig, A. Parisio, G. Andersson and M. Morari, Reducing peak electricity demand in building climate control using real-time pricing and Model Predictive Control, CDC 2010, 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.
Stochastic Optimization Problem
: prediction horizon
: comfort probability level
building dynamics
input constraints
output constraints
energy costs
energy sourcesweather forecastsuncertaintiestemperatures
Simulation Evaluation
Amount of violations in thermal comfort [Kh]
Energ
y u
se
[KW
h/m
2]
Investigated control strategies:
• PB: ideal controller• CE: industry standard predictive
controller• SMPC: uncertainty incorporated
in the controller
The proposed SMPC strategy outperforms the industry controllers
Conclusion
•Smart cities projects in Stockholm, e.g. Stockholm RoyalSeaport
•Need of integrating ICT with advanced control to achieveclimate goals in smart citie
•Accounting for uncertainty necessary to increase control performance in smart buildings
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.access.kth.se/