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Future challenges + Ag Tech
Requirements
Tillage
Dermot Forristal Teagasc CELUP
Oak Park Crops Research
Challenges in the crops sector
Competition for land Profitability per ha Disease, Pest and Weed control
▶ E.g. loss of fungicide sensitivity / less new products ▶ IPM and cultural control
GHG emissions
Positives ▶ World’s highest yields ▶ Labour efficient
Ag Tech Needs
‘Precise’ Management: measuring + responding to
‘variability’.
Fields: Spatial variability
Machine control
Auto-steer Auto ‘section-control’ Any automated function
More precise management
‘SMART’
Measure
Collect data
Analyse
Decision
Sensors
Data
communications
Research Algorithms Controllers
Mesmerised by Yield Maps !
Huge expectations generated Blinded by ‘possibilities’
10t / ha 10t / ha
7t / ha
14t / ha
Initial Assumption
• All could yield 14t
• At least 10t ?
Not That Simple!
Advances in Precision Ag but!
Variable rate application: Nitrogen
Applying N more accurately
Huge scope as optimum varies hugely: 100 – 300 kg/ha
Cost, quality and environmental consequences !
Crop Reflectance and N
Measure crop biomass and N content – crop reflectance
Reflectance scanner (multi-spec): ▶ Visible and NIR wave bands
Quite a bit of research since the 1970s!!
Farmstar N sensing - France
Yara N Sensor
E bee drone with Sensor
Does crop sensing work for N ?
BUT, Does it work? 1% or 3-4% yield improvement. Algorithms not region specific
▶ Some maximise protein ▶ Some optimise yield
N is Not that simple What comes from the soil ? What is crop yield potential Weather and soil impact on both Need to measure and predict these
What’s needed to improve it: soil sensors, leaching prediction, crop growth models etc all need development
Precision Crop management Crop sensing: • Nutrients • Development • Health / disease • Yield / Quality • Variability
Soil sensing: • Nutrients • Organic Carbon • Structure / texture • Microbiome • Moisture
Environment sensing:
• Microclimate • Weather prediction
Data analytics Crop Models
Decision Support Systems
Supporting Research
Tech transfer support
Precision management response (spatially variable, real time or sequential)
Machine Guidance, Autosteer and Control
Machine Guidance: Steering, Headland systems
97% full header vs 87% Not 10% performance improvement
Does it Pay?
(Getting Farmers to Adopt!)
Auto-steer + Section Control
Sprayer section control (avoids excess overlaps)
Guidance and Section control Benefits: - depends on field 3m saving on headlands: 2.0% saving Saving on short ground: 0.5% No loss on tramlines: 4.0% Total saving 6.5%
Fungicide / Herbicide saving Winter wheat: €16.00 / ha Spring Barley: €8.76 / ha
Guidance and sprayer control costs
Break even areas W. wheat: 128 / 172ha S. barley: 230 / 315ha
Chart1
5050
100100
200200
500500
Cost (€/ha)
Cost with 40% grant
Farmed crop area (ha)
Cost/ha (€)
Cost example: Auto-steer and section control
55.25
40.85
27.625
20.425
13.8125
10.2125
5.525
4.085
Sheet1
SimpleIntermediateSprayerAutosteerBasic AutosteerSprayerBasic AutosteerSprayerSimpleSimpleAutosteer
GuidanceGuidanceSectionRTKGuidanceSection 2GuidanceSection 2GuidanceGuidanceRTK
Once offCost2000400050002500090003000900030002000200025000
Training50050010005005005005001000
Extra time input10001000
Down time10001000
Other support costs
Grant4040404040
Life66888888668
Residual01000100060002500100025001000006000
Depreciation333.33333333335005002375812.5250362.51002002001125
Interest 5%50125150775287.5100197.5703030525
Repairs 5%10020025012504501504501501001001250
Training83.333333333383.3333333333012562.5062.5083.333333333383.3333333333125
Extra time000125000000125
Down time000125000000125
Other support00000000000
License06500100065006500012
Total566.66666666671558.333333333390057752262.55001722.5320413.3333333333414.33333333333277
AREA
5011.333333333331.166666666718115.545.251034.456.48.26666666678.286666666765.54
1005.666666666715.5833333333957.7522.625517.2253.24.13333333334.143333333332.77
2002.83333333337.79166666674.528.87511.31252.58.61251.62.06666666672.071666666716.385
5001.13333333333.11666666671.811.554.52513.4450.640.82666666670.82866666676.554
Benefits
SimpleIntermediateSprayerAutosteerBasic AutosteerSprayerGrantGrant
GuidanceGuidanceSectionRTKGuidanceSection 2GuidanceSection 2
Cap.Cost200040005000250009000300090003000
AREA (ha)Annual cost/ha (€)
501131181164510346
100616958235173
2003852911392
500132125131
Area (ha)Cost (€/ha)Cost with 40% grant
505541
1002820
2001410
50064
Sheet1
Cost (€/ha)
Cost with 40% grant
Crop area (ha)
Cost/ha (€)
Costs: Auto-steer and section control
Sheet2
Sheet3
Machine control (– does it pay?) Control systems on all machines Sprayers Fert spreaders Combines Seeders Slurry / Muck Diet feeders Ploughs Balers / Foragers Tractors Etc, etc
SMART can be simple and free !
Oilseed Rape N management
Oilseed rape: Canopy Management Optimises N – Saves N Optimises canopy size, pod number
and yield.
It Works: Why? Good relationship between
accumulated N and required N Substantial research
programme Simple to operate Free
Farm Management Applications
Farm management applications
Around for decades. SMART phones breathing new life Management; Agronomy; Animal / Herd; Financial Regulatory compliance: Cattle ID; Farm health;
Pesticides etc; Nitrates etc
Getting their hands on the Data!!
Farm data !!!
Data from: ▶ Reflectance sensors: Sattelite, Drone, Tractor mounted ▶ Soil sensors: Electrical conductivity, Tractor draught ▶ Soil Analysis: nutrients, pH, Carbon ▶ Yield mapping combine ▶ Input application: seeder, sprayer, fertiliser, manures ▶ Weather data: field level or region based ▶ Disease data; crop growth etc ▶ Financial data from farm at farm or field level
Who collects, transmits, stores, analyses and uses data?
Lots of players !
Tractor / equipment manufacturers: JD, CLAAS
‘Positioning’ companies: TRIMBLE; TOPCON
Breeders / Chemical companies
Traditional Farm management companies
New Data management Hubs 365FARMNET
Conclusions
Huge potential in crop systems and machines
Concepts are there and good; but delivery challenging
Seek simple opportunities
For the user: the technology must pay.
For the developer: the technology must pay!
Slide Number 1Challenges in the crops sectorAg Tech Needs‘SMART’Mesmerised by Yield Maps !Advances in Precision Ag but!�Variable rate application: NitrogenCrop Reflectance and NFarmstar N sensing - FranceYara N SensorE bee drone with SensorSlide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Does crop sensing work for N ?Precision Crop managementSlide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Auto-steer + Section ControlSprayer section control �(avoids excess overlaps)Guidance and Section controlGuidance and sprayer control costsMachine control (– does it pay?)Slide Number 26Oilseed rape: Canopy ManagementSlide Number 28Farm management applicationsSlide Number 30Farm data !!!Lots of players !Conclusions