EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT

SMILES ALL ROUNDJET’S ITER-LIKE-WALL DELIVERS

EFDA LEADER APPOINTS NEW SENIOR ADVISOR

DECIPHERING PHOTONS

THE INS AND OUTS OF ENERGY

1 | 2012

FUSIONQ u a r t e r l y n e w s & v i e w s o n t h e p r o g r e s s i n f u s i o n r e s e a r c h

2

contents FUSION in europe№ 1 | 2012

Moving Forward

EFDA

3 efDa leader appoints new senior advisor

Associates

5 Mast reaps the benefits of internationalcollaboration

6 fast ions – one key to plasma instabilities

8 Kit completes design of iter cryo pump

10 Deciphering photons

JETInsight11 the Joint european torus

12 smiles all round

13 Jet guestbook

Community

People

14 Mister h-Mode moves to russia

16 efDa welcomes new heads of research unit

In dialogue

17 the ins and outs of energy

Miscellaneous18 newsflash

Title pictures: EFDA, EPFL (Martin Jucker)

FUSION in europe | Contents |

imprintFUSION in europe

issn 1818-5355

for more information see the website:

www.efda.org

efDa close support unit – garching

Boltzmannstr. 2

85748 garching / Munich

germany

phone: +49-89-3299-4263

fax: +49-89-3299-4197

e-mail: christine.rueth@efda.org

editors: petra nieckchen, christine rüth

subscribe at newsletter@efda.org

© francesco romanelli (efDa leader) 2012.this newsletter or parts of it may not be reproducedwithout permission. text, pictures and layout, ex-cept where noted, courtesy of the efDa parties.the efDa parties are the european commissionand the associates of the european fusion pro -gramme which is co-ordinated and managed bythe commission. neither the commission, theassociates nor anyone acting on their behalf is re-sponsible for any damage resulting from the useof information contained in this publication.

5MAST reaps the benefits of international collaboration

13New Chair of ITER Council visits JET

14Mister H-Mode moves to Russia

5MAST reaps the benefits of international collaboration

13New Chair of ITER Council visits JET

14Mister H-Mode moves to Russia

3

| Moving Forward | EFDA |

in December 2011, Duarte Borba took on the position of the senior advisor to the efDa leader, succeed-

ing Michael watkins, who recently retired. after starting his fusion research career at ist in lisbon, Duarte

joined Jet in 1991 as a scientist. he later worked in the Jet programme Department and was deeply in-

volved in the formation of efDa from 1999. During the last four years Duarte Borba headed the iter

physics Department at efDa csu garching.

Welcome back to JET, Duarte! What will you focuson in your new position?

My main work will be managing and expanding JET’sinternational – meaning beyond Europe – cooperations.JET is part of a global network of large tokamaks andwe already have a significant number of scientists,mostly from Japan,Korea and the US,here in Culham. Nowwe plan to expandthese collaborationsin order to prepare forITER. We need multi-machine experimentsto investigate condi-tions we cannot createin one single tokamak.

efDa leaDer appoints

Is the preparation for ITER also the motivation ofour international partners to seek a collaborationwith JET?

Precisely. Being thelargest device and theonly one to operatewith tritium and nowalso with a tungsten-beryllium wall, JET’scharacteristics are clos-est to what we expectfor ITER. Last year aninternational panel re-viewed the JET Pro -

gramme and strongly recommended JET to play a keyrole in the network of devices that prepare the operationof ITER.

NEW SENIOR ADVISOR

“JET is the best training ground for future

ITER scientists, not only scientifically, but

also for working within an international

environment”

D U A R T E B O R B A

(Picture: EFDA)

FUSION in europe | Moving Forward | EFDA |

4

So JET will become more international?

This is the view of the EFDA management and that ofthe review panel. Bringing new partners into JET willalso attract funds, as there must be a mutual benefit.Our current stakeholders have a position to protect, asmachine resources are limited. We will have to developagreements that allow us expand the way we do scienceat JET beyond Europe. This could lead to operating JETbeyond the currently planned time span.

Could JET be a trainingground for ITER not justscientifically but also forworking within an interna-tional environment?

Yes. Running multiculturalorganisations bears chal-lenges and JET is a good ex-ample of how these can beovercome efficiently. Havinginternational scientists’ teams at JET before they moveon to ITER would make them familiar with each otherand with the routines of a complex experiment. Theycould start their work at ITER moreefficiently.

You represent EFDA in the Coordination Group ofEIROforum, the partnership of Europe’s eight largeinternational laboratories. How does EFDA contributeto this network?

Big Science facilities have many common challengesregarding technology, management and analysis meth-ods for data, or publications management. We also sharethe need to support and manage the careers and mobilityof our scientific and technical personnel. EFDA has alot of experience with mobile teams of scientists andalso with data analysis and storage, which some of theEIROforum partners might benefit from.

What are EFDA’s aims with regards to EIROforum?

One of the key issues during EFDA’s Chairmanship ofEIROforum in 2010/2011 was to have one strong voiceduring the shaping of the European research frameworkprogramme, Horizon 2020. Speaking with one voicealso becomes increasingly important regarding softwarelicensing, for example. We all need software for dataanalysis or data management. Joint negotiations mightget us better deals.

As former Head of the EFDA ITER Physics Depart -ment, where do you see the main issues for Europeanfusion research with respect to ITER?

Operating ITER will be more difficult and challengingthan working on any device we know. ITER will onlyperform a few pulses a day. Scientists will have to usethe existing tokamaks to narrow down their experimentsto the most promising ones. Let me give you just oneexample: The large heat of ITER plasmas requires us tounderstand ELM instabilities and develop mitigationmethods. We can test various techniques on all toka-maks in Europe and then transfer the successful onesto the larger machines like ASDEX Upgrade and JET.We must select which methods we test at JET and wecan take even less of these to ITER. The challenge forthe EFDA Physics Department will be to coordinatethese efforts in the most efficient way in terms of man-power, facilities and funding. �

“EFDA has a lot of experience with mobile teams

of scientists and also with data analysis and

storage, which some of the EIROforum partners

might benefit from.”

D U A R T E B O R B A

5

| Moving Forward | Associates |

MAST lends itself to excellent plasma diagnosis asthe vacuum vessel has many ports with excel-lent wide views of the plasma. It has recently

completed the first campaign of experiments with its en-hanced suite of diagnostics and researchers are delightedwith the data that have been gained so far.

Beam Emission. A new Beam Emission Spectros -copy (BES) system, the product of a collaboration be-tween CCFE and KFKI-RMKI in Hungary (see FusionNews September 2010), has given physicists the abilityto produce previously unseen images of the bubblingturbulence inside the core of the MAST plasma.Irregular fluctuations in the movement of particles fromthe core to the edge threaten the plasma’s stability andcause unwanted energy losses. Getting a clear pictureof this turbulence is therefore essential in understandingand mitigating it. The BES system makes measurementsby detecting the light emitted when neutral atoms areinjected into the plasma to heat it. The diagnostic's veryhigh time resolution allows fusion researchers to mapthe evolution of turbulent structures at small scales. Thefour images shown here demonstrate this – showingfluctuations in the density of the plasma at five mi-crosecond intervals. “Such images of turbulence in thecore of the plasma are only available in a very fewfusion experiments worldwide,” explained CCFE's DrAnthony Field, who designed the system. “We will nowbe able to compare our simulations directly with resultsfrom MAST for the first time. This will help in modellingthe performance – i.e. confinement and stability – ofplasmas for next-generation tokamaks, including ITER.”

Neutron measurements. Another recent addi-tion to MAST is more evidence of how internationalcollaborations can pay off. Entering the MAST machinearea at Culham, one encounters a four-ton white poly-thene box attached to the tokamak. Although reminis-cent of an ancient monolith, the box is in fact a highlyadvanced ‘camera’ containing a set of detectors to viewneutrons escaping from the plasma. Neutrons are mainlyproduced by fusion reactions involving fast ions gener-ated by the neutral beam system. Measuring the neu-trons gives valuable information about the fast ions thatformed them. These fast ions can, for instance, drivethe formation of instabilities and it is important to de-termine their speed and other parameters. The neutroncamera was a joint effort with Uppsala University inSweden, who developed the detectors in the cameraand the data acquisition system and helped design thecamera with CCFE. “The project has given Uppsala avery good opportunity to participate in an internationalexperiment like MAST,” said Dr Marco Cecconello ofUppsala University. “The collaboration with Uppsala isan example of how we can share expertise and expensesaround Europe in order to get the best results for theproject,” added CCFE’s Dr Mikhail Turnyanskiy.

With a major upgrade to MAST due to begin in2013, there will be even greater scope for involvementfrom research colleagues around Europe.

Nick Holloway, CCFE �

More information:http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/MAST.aspx

MAST reaps the benefits of internationalcollaboration

Mast, the spherical toka-

mak operated by ccfe,

is providing new insights

into plasma behaviour

thanks to a series of

diagnostic upgrades de-

veloped in partnership

with labs around europe. Image: CCFE

6

FUSION in europe | Moving Forward | Associates |

f a s t i o n so n e k e y t o p l a s m a I n s t a b I l I t I e s

scientists from epfl and Jet have made

significant progress on a method to

avoid neoclassical tearing Modes,

which are instabilities that affect the

efficiency of a fusion plasma. their

experiments have demonstrated that

by manipulating fast ions in the plasma,

one can control a significant root cause

of neoclassical tearing Modes.

Ion (red line) moving in an ICRH wave field (Figure partially reproduced from M. Jucker et al.,Computer Physics Communications 182 (2011) 912–925.)

7

| Moving Forward | Associates |

Neoclassical tearing modes, or NTMs, are one ofthe most detrimental instabilities a fusionplasma can develop. They cause the plasma to

lose heat and particles, thus reducing its efficiency, oreven causing early plasma termination. A number of so-phisticated methods have been developed over recentyears to prevent the growth of NTMs, or to limit theirseverity. One standard technique is to use the plasmaheating systems and launch focussed microwaves to in-crease the temperature or current of the plasma at theNTM location. However, in practice, once NTMs areevident, they are hard to extinguish, although their am-plitude can be reduced.

Recently, scientists working at JET have fine tunedan alternative method which seeks to control the majorroot cause of NTMs. That cause is evident when a pop-ulation of energetic ions interacts with a certain plasmavariation called sawtooth oscillation. Depending on theirspace and velocity distribution, these fast ions ordinarilylengthen the sawtooth cycle and can subsequently triggeran NTM. A team led by Jonathan Graves from the SwissAssociate EPFL has now demonstrated that energeticion populations can nevertheless be manipulated in away that they shorten the sawtooth cycle and thus pre-vent the formation of NTMs. Acting on a recently developed theory that predicted

this behaviour, the scientists designed and executed novelsawtooth control experiments at JET. With the plasmain high confinement mode, they used radio frequencywaves from the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating(ICRH) systems to energise helium-3 ions in the plasmacore. As long as the ICRH-heating was applied properly,the sawteeth could be controlled and no NTMs devel-oped. When the method was deliberately de-tuned orreversed, dangerous NTMs were triggered.

preventing ntMs at iterITER plasmas will be not only populated with fast ionsgenerated by the heating systems. Also the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction will produce energetic alphaparticles which will have the potential to act on saw-teeth and trigger dangerous NTMs. ITER plasmas willalso contain a minority quantity of helium-3 ions,whose purpose is to efficiently heat the plasma corewhen energised via ICRH radio frequency waves. Theabove mentioned calculations show that a properly ma-nipulated helium-3 ion population can counteract thedamaging effects alpha particles and other fast ionshave on sawteeth and in turn avoid NTMs. The successin the JET experiment, which utilised helium-3 ions inproportions similar to those planned for ITER, inspiresconfidence that NTMs in ITER can be nipped in thebud. �

Contact:

Jonathan Graves, EPFL: jonathan.graves@epfl.chReference: Graves et al, Nature Commun. 3, 624 (2012)

8

FUSION in europe | Moving Forward | Associates |

KIT completes design of ITERcryo pumptwenty years’ experience went into the design of the prototype torus cryo vacuum

pump for iter. the design will now be given to a manufacturer to build a 1:1 size

prototype, which will be tested at Kit’s test facility for iter pump models, tiMo-2.

The stakes are high for the ITER torus cryo vacuumpumps: Six pumps will create pressures down toone billionth that of air inside the 1,400 cubic me-

tres of the vacuum vessel. “Just realising the immensepumping speed of 75 cubic metres per second within apump diameter limited to about two metres is a chal-lenge” says Christian Day.

He is head of KIT’s vacuum technology group,which is in charge of designing all the ITER cryo pumps.The heart of a cryo pump is an extremely cold surface,the cryo panel, which traps the atoms and moleculescontained in the gas. At ITER, the cryo pumps will bealso used to clean the vessel of helium produced by thefusion reaction. Helium is a headache for cryo pumps,as it hardly sticks to surfaces even as cold as four orfive kelvin. KIT’s vacuum experts spent years lookingfor the most efficient carbon structure to trap heliumand finally settled for coconut charcoal from a certainpatch of land in Indonesia. Now KIT possesses anentire year’s harvest – enough to supply ITER and sev-eral future fusion plants.

ITER holds yet another challenge for the pump en-gineers: The deuterium and tritium absorbed in thecryo panels must be released regularly and fed backinto the fuel cycle. Every ten minutes, the cryo panelof one of the eight pumps is heated to 100 kelvin to setfree the trapped gas, and then cooled down again tofour kelvin. “The ITER design allows us only 150 sec-onds for either the heating or the cooling process. Thatis very hard to realise, as 210 kilograms of steel inthe panel have to be brought to temperature“explains Day. On top of that the mechanicalstress which the heating and cooling cy-cles exert on the pumps has to be takeninto account in the design.

9

| Moving Forward | Associates |

As if these were notenough challenges for the pumpdesigners, ITER also wants to use the pre-production prototype as a spare pump during opera-tion if needed. For the KIT team that meant having tocome up with a pump design that not only meets thepumping requirements, but also complies with all otherITER regulations – which go as far as demanding re-sistance against unlikely earthquakes at Cadarache. “Wehad to run lots of extra simulations and specify the ma-terials to be used in much detail. We also had to inte-grate all changes made to the ITER requirements duringour on-going design process.” says Christian Day.

The pump design has now been approved by F4Eand ITER will be passed to a manufacturer, which F4Ewill identify through a call-for-tender procedure. Thefinished pump will be fully tested under ITER-like

conditions in KIT’sTIMO-2 test facility. In themeantime the KIT vacuum technol-ogy group will continue designing the cryopumps for ITER’s Neutral Beam Heating system.The group has also started to explore pump designs fora future fusion power plant within the EFDA PowerPlant Physics and Technology activities. �

Contact:Christian Day, KIT: christian.day@kit.edu Image: Thinkstock

FUSION in europe | Moving Forward | Associates |

10

DECIPHERING PHOTONS

When JET started up in 1983, theoretical atomicphysicist Hugh Summers, Professor at theUniversity of Strathclyde, Scotland, was asked

to join the project for a period of two years. The JET di-agnostic team needed atomic models that helped themto interpret the spectral emissions of the plasma. Nearly30 years later, and, in his own words, “overdue for reti-rement”, Hugh still shares his time between Strathclydeand JET, working on the ADAS project which originatesfrom those early days. ADAS stands for Atomic Data and Analysis Struc -

ture. The project provides atomic data and computercodes to model the radiation properties of plasma ions.ADAS grew from being a JET project to a global servicefinanced by its participants. These include many Euro-pean Associates, all ITER partners, the ITER project it-self, as well as several astrophysics groups which useADAS for their spectroscopic measurements. Two yearsago, the EU recognised the importance of ADAS forITER and provided four years of extra funding. ADAStook the opportunity to install experts at some partici-pant’s sites and now finances three post-doctoral fel-lowships at IPP Garching, CEA Cadarache and JET. One use of ADAS is, to monitor plasma impurities

such as atoms dislodged from the wall. When these im-

purities enter the hot plasma, theyare excited and emit light. ADASconnects the observed spectrallines to the number of incomingatoms. The recently installed tungs-ten wall tiles are a challenge forADAS and the spectroscopists:Tungsten has 74 electrons andtakes on many different states. Theelectrons transit between energeti-cally close states and emit a largevariety of very weak signals. Theextra EU funding boosted thetungsten modelling capabilities ofADAS – at the end of January, theteam accomplished an importantmilestone, the first theoretical esti-mate for the relation between theobserved plasma lines and thenumber of tungsten atoms comingin from the wall. �

Contact and Information: http://www.adas.ac.uk/index.phphttp://www.adas-fusion.eu/

an atom emits light with a specific wavelength if one of its electrons moves to a less

excited state by filling a vacant orbit closer to the nucleus. as there are only a finite

number of orbits in any element, the pattern of colours, or spectrum, that it emits

is unique. thus the spectral emission of a hot gas tells you which chemical elements it con-

tains and their concentration. In a fusion plasma, emission processes are triggered by col-

lisions between plasma particles, by exciting the particles with microwaves, or when the

hydrogen atoms from the neutral heating beam pass their electron to a plasma ion. these

different events all contribute to any given line of the plasma emission spectrum. to retrieve

information about which and how many atoms are contained in the plasma, one needs to

identify the individual processes contributing to the spectrum. to do so, spectroscopists

use atomic models to calculate the emission spectra of all plasma atoms for all the various

processes they experience.

for nearly 30 years atomic physicists have supported fusion scientists to

interpret the spectral emissions of a plasma. the recent move to tungsten

walls makes this collaboration even more important.

Tungsten spectrum recorded on JET with theKT3b diagnostic run by Andy Meigs, CCFE

DECIPHERING PHOTONS

| JETInsight |

EFDA provides the work platform to exploit JET in

an efficient and focused way. More than 40 Euro -

pean fusion laboratories collectively contribute to

the JET scientific programme and develop the

hardware of the machine further. The tokamak is

located at the Culham Science Centre near Oxford

in the UK. It is funded by EURATOM, by the Euro -

pean Associates, and by UK’s fusion Associate, the

Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) as host.

CCFE operates the JET facilities including carrying

out the maintenance and refurbishment work re-

quired to realise the given scientific goals.

THE JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS, JET

the Jet vessel in may 2011, featuring the complete IteR-like Wall (Picture: EFDA)

11

EUROPE’S LARGEST FUSION DEVICE – FUNDED AND USED IN PARTNERSHIP

S MILES ALL ROUN D

12

FUSION in europe | JETInsight |

JET ’ snew ITER-Like-Wall

has delivered a factor of ten reduction in fuel retention,much to the delight of the team that designed and in-stalled it. “Although the calculations and lab tests sug-gested it might perform this well, often in the realmachine things are different,” said Task Force LeaderDr Guy Matthews, who led the project to replace JET’scarbon tiles with beryllium and tungsten com-ponents. “But it has behaved exactly aspredicted – we are very happy!”

Very low fuel lossThe amount of fuel re-tained in the vessel aftera plasma pulse is a keyparameter for JET’sper formance.Although car bon with-stands extreme heatwell, it has been re-placed as wall materialbecause it binds all tooreadily with the hydro-gen isotopes used as fu-sion fuel. This loss of fuel isa particular problem in thecase of the tritium, because itsshort lifetime makes it scarce andtherefore expensive. Also, handling of thevessel is greatly complicated if it still contains a sig-nificant amount radioactive tritium.

As both these issues would be even more significantin the scaled up context of ITER, scientists throughoutthe seven ITER nations have been following these ex-periments closely. Fortunately, following the move tometal tiles, the fuel retention has dropped by an orderof magnitude.

In fact, the levels of fuel lost in each pulse are solow now that the measurement system had to be im-proved significantly to detect them. The fuel retentionis determined by comparing careful measurements ofthe volume of gas injected into the chamber with theamount of exhaust. These results were initially not con-

clusive, because the retention quantities werenow as small as the uncertainty in the

gas temperature measurements.However, an overhaul of thetemperature sensors in-creased the precision andgave the team confidencethat the fuel retentionreally was as good asthey’d hoped.

Cleaner plasmaAs well as reducingfuel retention the metalwall has led to a cleanerplas ma overall. “Sincethe first plasma, we have

had to do no conditioningat all,” says Dr Matthews. With the carbon wall, week -

ly cleaning procedures were re-quired, such as overnight glow discharges

or beryllium evaporation. Also, after a disruptiona recovery pulse was often required to remove con-tamination before the machine would operate at highpower again. However with the new wall, says GuyMatthews, “the need for cleaning has currently all butdisappeared, and we have had no false starts at all. Idon’t think anyone would have expected that!”

Phil Dooley, EFDA �

JET’s ITER-Like-Walldelivers

Image: Thinkstock

13

| JETInsight |

JETGUESTbOOK

� Vicky Ford (Member of the European Parliamentfor the East of England) and Richard Ashworth (MEPfor the South East of England) visited the JET andCCFE on 20 February and had discussions with EFDALeader Francesco Romanelli and CCFE director SteveCowley. Long-time MEP Richard Ashworth has keeninterest in fusion and has been to Culham before. He ismember of the parliament’s Budget Committee, whichwas instrumental in agreeing extra funds for ITER backin December. Vicky Ford serves her first period as MEPand also came to Culham for the first time. She is keento learn more about fusion, as she is member of theparliament’s committee on Industry, Research and En-ergy (ITRE), which assesses long term R&D prioritiesin Europe. �

� In January JET welcomed Mr Hiroshi Kataoka, asenior official of the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (MrKataoka is Director of the International Nuclear andFusion Energy Affairs Division, Research and Develop-ment Bureau of MEXT). With him came Dr HideyukiTakatsu, newly appointed Chair of the ITER Counciland Deputy Director General of the Japanese DomesticAgency for ITER. The delegation toured the JET facilitiesand spent a morning with EFDA Leader Francesco Ro-manelli, Lorne Horton and Duarte Borba of EFDA aswell as Tim Jones from CCFE. Francesco Romanellicongratulated Dr Takatsu on his election as Chair ofthe ITER Council and Dr Takatsu acknowledged thestrong focus of the JET Programme on the key scientificissues for the operation of ITER. With its ITER-LikeWall and its capability to operate with tritium, JET playsa central role for all ITER partners to gain knowledgefor the operation of ITER. �

Picture: EFDA

Picture: EFDA

Some of the nearly 600 persons who paid a visit to JETfrom December through February:

� 280 school students, along with 29 teachers, visited the facilities.

� about 110 university students and scientists from various disciplines visited Jet/ccfe.

� 20 industry representatives came for tours and discussions.

14

FUSION in europe | Community | People |

MISTERH-MODEmoves to

Picture: IPP, Anja Richter Ullmann

friedrich wagner, retired Director of ipp,

has won a russian research grant worth

about 3,5 million euros, together with

russian colleagues from st. petersburg

state polytechnic university and in co-

operation with the ioffe institute of the

russian academy of sciences.

15

| Community | People |

Picture: Thinkstock

Congratulations, Fritz!You will lead the research laboratory of advancedtokamak physics, a collaboration between St. Peters -burg Polytechnic University and the Ioffe Institute.What will you do there?

The laboratory has about 80 members and three exper-iments, and I will try to fulfil the role of the so-calledLeading Scientist for the next two years. That is newterritory for me but also for my Russian colleagues. Now,they know themselves, how to do science or how to op-erate a tokamak. I will contribute as a lecturer and Iwill bring in my knowledge and experience as well asmy network. In the end, the main issue will be the futureof this institute and the main Ioffe experiment, the spher-ical tokamak GLOBUS-M. I hope I can contribute withideas on the Institute’s future strategy. Maybe theLeading Scientist has some visibility, maybe it might beeasier for me as an external partner to open doors.

How did your participation in the competition forthis Russian government grant come about?

I have been working with the Ioffe Institute and thePolytechnic University in St. Petersburg for decades.When I joined IPP in 1975, I wanted to measure iontemperatures via charge exchange. At that time the bestinstruments came from Ioffe Institute, so IPP started acollaboration. Now, last spring, the Russian colleaguesapproached me with the idea to participate in a grantcompetition, which aims at bringing foreign scientiststo Russian universities. As I am officially retired andavailable and not yet ready for the role as couch potato,I accepted the offer.

What are your personal aims for the next twoyears?

I will spend four months per year – split into severalstays – in St. Petersburg. My most important objectiveis that the laboratory continues after termination of myengagement. Russia has vast financial resources fromoil, gas and coal exports. Should a fraction be spent onresearch, then it would be a good and appropriate ideato spend some of it on fusion. When I joined fusion,Russian sciences with the three major labs in Kurchatov,Budger, and Ioffe institute had a leading position in fu-sion research. Russia is part of ITER and needs thenecessary scientific basis at home. I hope that I canreach Russian students with seminars and lectures andinterest them in a career in high-temperature plasmaphysics.

What is the situation of young researchers inRussia?

I will learn more as soon as I am there. In the seminarsand laboratories I see many „old friends“. Obviously,during the last years, young people did not see muchfuture prospects in going into research. But like else-where, Russia seems to recognise the need to engageand support young scientists, and in fusion especiallywith respect to ITER. It would be a great fulfilment if Icould support this process a little.

What are you looking forward to in particular forthe next two years?

I am generally looking forward to this new missionand to work with my Russian colleagues. I will also en-joy the cultural life in St. Petersburg – the Eremitage,the Russian Museum, the Mariinksy theater , the manypalaces and memorial sites. My wife knows the citywell from earlier stays and she will accompany me attimes.

Thank you very much, Fritz!We wish you a successful time in St. Petersburg. �

More information:http://tinyurl.com/IPP-Wagner

16

FUSION in europe | Community | People |

More about the new HRUs online: http://www.efda.org/newsletters/2012-march

Dr Tuomas Tala works at VTTTechnical Research Centreand has served as DeputyLeader and Leader of the JETTask Force Transport.

Finnish Association EURATOM-Tekes –Tuomas Tala

Prof. Roman Zagórski is aProfessor in the Institute ofPlasma Physics and LaserMicrofusion in Warsaw andleads the Institute’s theoryand modelling group. From2008 until 2011, he was as thePlasma Wall InteractionsResponsible Officer at theEFDA CSU Garching.

Polish Association EURATOM-IFPiLM –Roman Zagórski

Professor Andrej Trkov worksat the Jožef Stefan Institute.His involvement in fusion hasbeen in the analysis of fusionneutronics experiments. Hehas also worked at IAEA asDeputy Section Head of theNuclear Data Section.

Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA)Euratom MHEST – Andrej Trkov

Dr Alain Bécoulet is Head ofthe Institute for MagneticFusion Research (IRFM) atCEA. He was Chairman of theEFDA Topical Group onHeating and Current Driveand has been a member of theEFDA Science and Techno -logy Advisory Committee(STAC) from 2001 until 2011.

“ I intend to help the European Fusion Communityadapt to the scientific and technical challenges ofITER’s construction and future operation, taking thefull benefit of the present investments. This calls foran ambitious accompanying programme, supportedby collective views and commitments. ”

French Association EURATOM-CEA –Alain Bécoulet

“ I want to promote studies of materials and mate-rial behaviour under extreme conditions, including in-teractions with plasma, radiation damage and heatdeposition. These are likely to be the limiting factorsfor successful utilisation of nuclear fusion for powerproduction after the problems of plasma stabilitymanagement are resolved. ”

Picture: CEA

EFDA WELCOMESnew heaDs of research unit

“ I hope to continue the research teamwork betweenthe plasma physics and fusion technology groups inFinland originated by my predecessor SeppoKarttunen. I also hope to be prepared for the newchallenges expected with the start of Horizon 2020framework. ”

“ I plan to focus my efforts on further integrating theresearch teams of the Polish Association with activi-ties closely related to priorities of EFDA programme,in particular JET and DEMO. Special attention will bedevoted to fostering the involvement of Poland inITER construction through participation in F4Egrants. ”

Energy scenarios. Next, Tobias Eder of IPPGarching introduced energy scenarios as a tool toassist political decision making. He provided in-sight into the various assumptions and bound-ary conditions that add up to variations inthese scenarios and demonstrated how

sensitive the models are to changesin public opinion. The scenariosshow, for instance, that a societythat decides not to care aboutglobal warming, will rely oncheap coal, while a societythat does take measures againstgreenhouse gas emissions is ex-pected to expand renewable en-ergies, nuclear fission and – ifavailable – fusion.

Fusion energy. The last session of the day lookedinto fusion – how it works and what potential it offerssecuring our future energy supply. The day finished witha visit to the assembly hall of Wendelstein 7-X, the ad-vanced stellarator which is under construction inGreifswald. �

Contact:Michael Drevlak, Andrea Kleiber, Ralf Kleiber, AxelKönies, Jörg Riemann, IPP Greifswald

17

| Community | In dialogue

Energy is a much dis-cussed topic in Ger -ma ny since the gov -

ernment decided to pull outof nuclear power and ex-pand renewable sources. Asa contribution to this publicdebate, scientists at IPPGreifs wald designed a certi-fied teachers training on thesubject. One of their aims wasto raise awareness of the largevariety of information aboutenergy issues and to providetools and knowledge to helpinterpret it. They soon foundthat background informationon energy is in great demand.Three times more teachers wan ted tosign up than the 28 participants the one-day course could ac co mmodate. The highlevel of interest triggered plans to repeat thecourse not only in the Greifswald area, butalso in other regions of Germany.

Energy basics. The day started withbasics: How much energy does an averageperson consume per day – including the en-ergy needed to produce and transport thegoods that the person uses? How much en-ergy can renewable sources like wind orsolar power provide in comparison? Thebook “Sustainable Energy – Without TheHot Air” by David MacKay, which analysesthese questions for Great Britain, providedthe basis for the session. The organisers ofthe training adapted his calculations toGerman conditions.

the INSAND OUTS of energy

IPP scientists design teachers training

Image: Thinkstock

“This is what training

should be like.”PA R T I C I PAT I N G T E A C H E R

18

FUSION in europe | NewsFlash |

NEWSFLASHMax-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik

Garching/GermanyEURATOM Association

Summer University for Plasma Physicsand Fusion Research

Garching, 17 - 21 September 2012

ProgrammeThe course will cover the main aspects of plasma physics with emphasis on nuclear fusion: basics of plasma physics and of nuclear fusion – kinetic and magneto-hydrodynamic description of a plasma – concepts, experimental results and optimisation of tokamaks and stellarators – heating and diagnostics of a fusion device – plasma wall interaction and wall material research – safety and environmental aspects of fusion – inertial fusion – astrophysical plasmas – ITER and the next steps towards a reactor. The course will include a tour to the tokamak experiment ASDEX Upgrade and its periphery at IPP. One goal of the Summer Uni-versity is to promote an exchange of views among the coming generation of European scientists. Opportunities for discussions with lecturers and students will be provided between the sessions, in the evening reception and during an excursion.

OffersThe course (max. 70 participants) is being held for European physics students who have passed their undergraduate / bachelor courses and have not yet decided on the subject of their PhD thesis. The lectures will be presented in English. Lecture notes will be provided to all students. For students registered at European Universities the cost of accom-modation and food will be covered by IPP. Limited funds are available for travel expenses. Students coming from ITER-Partner-Countries outside Europe are welcome to take part.

RequirementsYour application via internet must include a high school leaving certifi-cate, evidence of undergraduate phy-sics or engineering diploma / bachelor degree and a short curriculum vitae. Deadline31 May 2012

ContactChristina Stahlberg/Jutta KoserMax Planck Institute for Plasma PhysicsBoltzmannstraße 2D-85748 Garching near Munichphone: +49 89 3299-2232/1375summeruni@ipp.mpg.de

Scientific Programme Dr. Roberto BilatoDr. Ralf Kleiber

Application www.ipp-summeruni.info

ANNOUN C EM EN T S

IPP Summer University on Plasma Physicsand Fusion Research

Garching, Germany, 17–21 September 2012Deadline for application: 31 May 2012

The course addresses European physics or engineering students who have passedtheir undergraduate or bachelor courses and have not yet decided on the subject oftheir PhD thesis.

More information:http://tinyurl.com/IPP-SummerUniversity

What’s up with Fusion Expo?

Fusion Expo has just returned from Nancy, France. The exhibition will now undergosome updates.

Stay tuned at http://www.efda.org/fusion-expo

Contact:Tomaz Skobe, tomaz.skobe@ijs.si

Contact

EFDA JET Fusion Fusion Expo News Multimedia Collaborators

Careers Links FAQ’s Glossary User’s web page

www.efda.org

A travelling exhibition financed by EFDA.

Fusion veterans liveA video of Donato Palumbo’s commemoration at JET

FishbonesYou see dinner. A physicist sees bursts of magnetic instability.

Photos and videosBrowse our multimedia gallery

Newsletter archiveRead past issues or search for specific articles in Fusion in Europe and our formerpublications JET Insight and Fusion News

28 European countries signed an agreement to work on an energy source for the future:EFDA provides the framework, JET, the Joint European Torus, is the shared experiment, fusion energy is the goal.

austrian academy of sciencesAUS TR I A

association eURatom –University of latvia

L AT V I Alithuanian energy Institute

L I THUAN I A

ministry of education and Research ROMAN IA

ministry of Higher education, scienceand technologyS LOVEN I A

Centro de Investigaciones energéticasmedioambientales y tecnológicas

SPA IN

swedish Research CouncilSWEDEN

Centre de Recherches en physiquedes plasmas

SW I T Z ER L AND

Fom – Foundation for FundamentalResearch on matter

THE N E THER LANDS UN I T ED K I NGDOM

eURatom Hellenic RepublicGRE E C E

Hungarian academy of sciencesHUNGARY

F4e , SPA INFRANC E

Dublin UniversityI R E L AND

agenzia nazionale per le nuovetecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo

economico sostenibileI TA LY

University of tartuE S TON I A

Finnish Funding agency for technologyand InnovationF I N L AND

Commissariat a l’energie atomiqueFRANC E GERMANY GERMANY

max-planck-Institut für plasmaphysikGERMANY

BE LG IUMbulgarian academy of sciences

BULGAR I AUniversity of Cyprus

C YPRUS

Institute of plasma physicsacademy of sciences of the

Czech RepublicC Z E CH R EPUBL I C D ENMARK

University of maltaMALTA

Institute of plasma physicsand laser microfusion

POLANDministère de l’energie

LUX EMBURG

Instituto superior técnicoPORTUGAL

Comenius UniversityS LOVAK I A

19

Our partners:

EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ISSN 1818-5355