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Septoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola)Septoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola)
I 2009 d 2010In 2009 and 2010• Lower pressure due to dry springs
• Mainly protectant activity in 2010
In 2011A danger of complacency:
• Septoria tritici is potentially the most yield damaging pathogen
• Spring rainfall will determine the extent of the epidemicextent of the epidemic
Below average Spring rainfall in 2009 & 2010Below-average Spring rainfall in 2009 & 2010100 2008
70
80
90 20092010Average 1971-2000
50
60
70
all (
mm
)
30
40
Rai
nfa
0
10
20
0March April May June
New SDHI / triazole mixtures approvedNew SDHI / triazole mixtures approved
Aviator235 Xpro p75 g/litre of bixafen + 160 g/litre of prothioconazole
– new active ingredient (bixafen) and formulation (Xpro)g ( ) ( p )– version tested contained 150 g/litre prothioconazole– evaluated in HGCA trials since 2008.
Seguris125 g/litre of isopyrazam + 90 g/litre of epoxiconazole125 g/litre of isopyrazam + 90 g/litre of epoxiconazole
– new active ingredient (isopyrazam) in wheattested as tank mix in 2008 & 2009 co formulation in 2010– tested as tank mix in 2008 & 2009, co-formulation in 2010.
New SDHI / triazole mixtures approvedNew SDHI / triazole mixtures approved
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHI’s)y g ( )– a new mode of action for wheat foliar disease control
– same chemical group as boscalid (in Tracker)same chemical group as boscalid (in Tracker)
– single site mode of action: use in mixtures e.g. with triazoles.
Fungicides includedFungicides included ProductU d
Full Dose (l/h )
Active IngredientsUsed (l/ha)Aviator Xpro 1.25 75 g/l bixafen + 150 g/l prothioconazoleSeguris 1 0 125 g/l isopyrazam + 90 g/l epoxiconazoleSeguris 1.0 125 g/l isopyrazam + 90 g/l epoxiconazoleBrutus 3.0 37.5 g/l epoxiconazole + 27.5 g/l metconazole Opus 1.0 125 g/l epoxiconazole (SC)Opus 1.0 125 g/l epoxiconazole (SC)Ignite 1.5 83 g/l epoxiconazole (EC) (from 2010)Proline 0.8 250 g/l prothioconazole(Proline275) (0.72) (275 g/l prothioconazole) (from 2010)IZM solo 1.0 125 g/l Isopyrazam
Comet200 1.25 200 g/l pyraclostrobinFirefly 1.5 50 g/l fluoxastrobin + 100 g/l prothioconazole
Septoria tritici protectant activity2008 2010 (all sites)
n=12 trials
2008 - 2010 (all sites) 18
14
16
ci
OpusProlineAviator Xpro
10
12
oria
triti
c Isopyrazam*SegurisBrutus
4
6
8
% S
epto
0
2
4
* only available in mixtures
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Septoria tritici eradicant activity 2008 2010 (all sites)
n=7 trials
2008 - 2010 (all sites) 25 Opus
Proline
20
ci
ProlineAviator XproIsopyrazam*SegurisB t
15
toria
triti
c Brutus
5
10
% S
ept
0
5
* only available in mixtures
0 0.5 1 1.5 2Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Yield t/ha (single spray treatments) Septoria tritici sites 2008 2010
n=11 trials
Septoria tritici sites 2008 – 20109.6
9 0
9.2
9.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
ld t/
ha
8.2
8.4Yie Opus
ProlineAviator Xpro
7 6
7.8
8.0 SegurisBrutus
7.60 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Fungicide Performance Septoria triticiHalf label rates at T1 & T2: 2008 Yields
n=4 trials
Half label rates at T1 & T2: 2008 Yields
10 5
9 5
10.0
10.5
a
9.0
9.5
Yiel
d t/h
8.0
8.5Y
7.5
Fungicide Performance Septoria triticiHalf label rates at T1 & T2: 2010 Yields
n=3 trials
Half label rates at T1 & T2: 2010 Yields
10 5
9 5
10.0
10.5
a
9.0
9.5
Yiel
d t/h
8.0
8.5Y
7.5
Fungicide Performance Septoria triticiHalf label rates at T1 & T2: 2008 2010
n=11 trials
Half label rates at T1 & T2: 2008 – 2010
10.5
9 5
10.0
a
9.0
9.5
Yiel
d t/h
a
8.0
8.5Y
7.5
Septoria tritici activity 2010 (two sites)P t t t E di t
n = 2 trials
Protectant Eradicant12 Opus 12 Opus
10
p
Ignite 10 Ignite
6
8
triti
ci
6
8
. trit
ici
4
6
% S
.
4
6
% S
.2 2
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Summary: Septoria tritici and YieldSummary: Septoria tritici and Yield
When compared as single or two-spray treatments:p g p y
• Combinations of bixafen + prothioconazole (as Aviator Xpro) and isopyrazam + epoxiconazole (as Seguris) add substantially to septoria control compared to Proline or Opus alone;
• Aviator Xpro has given similar level of septoria control to Brutus, d S i h h bl t t t ti itand Seguris has shown comparable protectant activity;
• Aviator Xpro has given an average yield advantage of 0.35 t/ha over best triazole treatment (for half label rates applied twice);over best triazole treatment (for half label rates applied twice);
• Seguris has given yields that are at least as good as Brutus;
• Ignite at least as effective as Opus against septoria in 2010.
Brown rust: 2011 a low risk season?Brown rust: 2011 – a low risk season?Brown rust development slowed by:
• Frosts – affecting spore survival
• Overwinter temperatures– reducing infection efficiency
t di l t t i d– extending latent period
• However, many varieties are at risk– over 40% of UK wheat area rated 4 or less– susceptible varieties include:
Cordiale Solstice Grafton Duxford JB Diego Gallant
Brown rust 2008 and 092008 and 09
16 Opus
12
14ProlineAviator XproIsopyrazam*Brutus
8
10
wn
rust
BrutusFireFlyComet
4
6
8
% B
row
2
4
* only available in mixtures
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Yellow rustYellow rust2010• Epidemic checked by winter frosts
and dry spring• Significant disease developed in• Significant disease developed in
some areas from April onwards
20112011• Early epidemics now unlikely• April / May threat large, if conditions p y g ,
favourable– Oakley and Robigus account for >10%
of sown areaof sown area – Further 25% of area rated 5 or less
Yellow rust 2008 and 2009
45 OpusProline
35
40o e
Aviator XproIsopyrazam*BrutusFireFly
25
30
low
rust FireFly
Comet
15
20
% Y
el
5
10
* only available in mixtures
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Powdery mildewPowdery mildew
2010• Spring conditions generally too dry• Slow N uptake / thin crops reduced pressure
2011• Found widely in autumn 2010• Later sowings / backward crops likely to favour
disease developmentdisease development• Significance will depend on spring conditions
2009 Half label rates at T1 and T2 – mildew
89
678
w
345
Mild
ew
012
0
untre
ated
Proline
viator
Xproop
yraza
m*
Tern
Flexity
Torch E
xtra
Talius
Cyflam
id
* only available in mixtures
u
Avia Isop
To
Summary: Other diseasesSummary: Other diseasesYellow Rust
• Brutus and Opus have been the most effective products;• Brutus and Opus have been the most effective products;• New SDHI Isopyrazam very active on yellow rust. • Aviator Xpro gave good control of yellow rust, especially at more than half
label rate .label rate .Brown Rust
• Brutus and Comet (pyraclostrobin) highly active on brown rust; • Aviator Xpro has given very good control significantly better than• Aviator Xpro has given very good control, significantly better than
prothiconazole alone (Proline).• Isopyrazam highly active on brown rust
MildewMildew • Data from 2009 indicates that Aviator Xpro can give good control,
comparable to standard mildewicides.• Isopyrazam adds useful activity on mildew controlIsopyrazam adds useful activity on mildew control
New SDHI ProductsNew SDHI Products
Siltra XproSiltra Xprobixafen 60 g/l + prothioconazole 200 g/l
Bontimacyprodinil 187.5 g/l + isopyrazam 62.5 g/lyp g py g
Fungicides includedFungicides included
Product Full Dose Active IngredientsUsed (l/ha)Bontima 2.0 187.5 cyprodinil + 62.5 g/l isopyrazamC t200 1 25 200 /l l t biComet200 1.25 200 g/l pyraclostrobinFandango 1.25 100 g/l fluoxastrobin + 100 g/l prothioconazoleProline 0 8 250 g/l prothioconazoleProline(Proline275)
0.8(0.72)
250 g/l prothioconazole275 g/l prothioconazole (2010 only)
Siltra Xpro 1.00 60 g/l bixafen + 200 g/l prothioconazole
Bravo 2.0 500 g/l chlorothalonilTracker 1.5 233 g/l boscalid + 67 g/l epoxiconazoleac e 5 33 g/ bosca d 6 g/ epo co a o e
Rhynchosporium protectant activity 2009 2010
n = 4 trials
2009 - 201010 Bontima
7
8
9 SiltraProlineCometFandango
5
6
7
hync
ho
Fandango
3
4
% R
h
0
1
2
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Rhynchosporium eradicant activity 2009 2010
n = 4 trials
2009 - 2010 25 Bontima
20
SiltraProlineCometFandango
15
ynch
o
g
10
% R
hy
0
5
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Net Blotch protectant activity 2010
n = 2 trials
201018 Bontima
Silt
14
16SiltraProlineCometFandango
10
12
Blo
tch
4
6
8
% N
et
0
2
4
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Net Blotch eradicant activity 2010
n = 2 trials
2010 30 Bontima
25
SiltraProlineCometFandango
15
20
Blo
tch
g
10
15
% N
et
0
5
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Brown rust protectant activity2008 2009
n = 2 trials
2008 - 20098 Fandango
Bontima
6
7BontimaSiltraProlineTracker
4
5
own
rust
2
3%B
ro
0
1
2
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Ramularia protection2009 2010 Spring barley
n = 3 trials
2009 - 2010 Spring barley
30 Bontima
25
30 BontimaSiltraProlineTrackerB
15
20
mul
aria
BravoOpus
10
15
% R
am
0
5
00 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dose (proportion of full label rate)
Barley SummaryBarley Summary
Siltra Xpro
• Very good control of all foliar diseases tested;• New standard for rhynchosporium;y p• Useful mildew activity.
BontimaBontima• Very good control of net blotch, ramularia, brown rust;• Good control of rhynchosporium (but inferior to Proline / Siltra);Good control of rhynchosporium (but inferior to Proline / Siltra);• Useful mildew activity.
fPhoma leaf spot and stem canker
• Late epidemic in 2009/2010Late epidemic in 2009/2010
Earlier onset in 2010 October• Earlier onset in 2010 – October
• Delayed by cold conditions
• Re-infection occurring in crops now
fPhoma fungicide trial – spray dates 2010
• cv Catana
• Boxworth sprayed 1 Dec (GS 1,6-1,9) and 15 Feb - 42% phoma at T1at T1
• Terrington sprayed 1 Dec (GS1,6-1,8) and 6 Jan - 47% phoma at T1T1
Product choice important – use Poraz as a
HGCA phoma canker control Boxworth 2010
protectantLSD = 16.3
70
80
90
50
60
70
ecte
d
30
40
50
% p
lant
s af
fe 00.51
10
20
30
0
10
Prosaro Proline Caramba Sanction Poraz
l2
Significant responses to full rate Prosaro and
HGCA Fungicide Performance: Phoma control and yield Terrington 2010
Poraz at drought-stressed site
HGCA Fungicide Performance: Phoma control and yield,Terrington 2010
3 2
3.4
LSD = 0.34
3.0
3.2
2.6
2.8
Yiel
d (t/
ha)
00.51
2.2
2.4
2.0Prosaro Proline Caramba Sanction Poraz
l5
Slide 5
l5 Can we tailor this slide to 'Managing the threat? and show how disease control can be reduced from last year, but explain the threats that still remainlaurat, 12/01/2011
Product performance – moderate disease k d i ld
4.150
canker and yield
3.9
4.0
Punch C
Plover
40
00)
3.7
3.8
yiel
d (t/
ha) Proline
Prosaro
C b20
30
ker i
ndex
(0-1
0
3.5
3.6
Caramba
Charisma
10
20
cank
3.4
3.5
0 0.5 1
dose
00 0.5 1
dose dosedose
Source: Six HGCA trials 2006 - 2008
Phoma control
• Good control with fungicides at half doseGood control with fungicides at half dose
• Positive yield trends in low disease situations
• Prochloraz should be used as a protectant treatment
• Responses in drought stressed situation in 2010
• Potential for responses of 0.5 t/ha in 2011Potential for responses of 0.5 t/ha in 2011
fLight leaf spot
• 2010 – epidemic less damaging to2010 epidemic less damaging to yield than usual (cold + dry spring)
2011 t h d t l t• 2011– most crops had at least one autumn fungicide
• Incidence increasing in all regions – CropMonitor
Light leaf spot in spring has been increasing for g p p g gthe last 5 years
7080
2003
5060 2004
20052006
203040 2006
200720082009
01020 2009
2010
% crops % plants
l8
f fLight leaf spot fungicide trial – spray dates 2010
• cv Castillecv Castille
• Malton sprayed 4 Dec (GS 1,6) and 8 April
• cv NK Bravour
• Aberdeen sprayed 28 Oct (GS1,4) and 26 April
All treatments gave light leaf spot control in Ab d l it
HGCA Fungicide Performance: Light leaf spot control Aberdeen 26 April 2010
Aberdeen - low severity
3.0
3.5
LSD =1.02
2.5
cted
1.5
2.0
% le
af a
rea
affe
c
00.51
0.5
1.0
%
0.0Prosaro Proline Sanction Poraz
All treatments gave control of light leaf spot,
HGCA Light leaf spot control (post T2), High Mowthorpe, May 2010
Malton, N Yorks – no yield differences
10
12
LSD = 0.97
8
10
cted
6
% le
af a
rea
affe
c
00.51
2
4%
0Prosaro Proline Sanction Poraz
U i t t i ti f li ht l f t t l
20U t t d P li 27 N 4 M P li 4 M
Use resistant varieties for light leaf spot control
16
eaf s
pot Untreated Proline 27 Nov + 4 Mar Proline 4 Mar
12
th li
ght l
e
8
f are
a w
it
0
4
% le
af
0Castille Cuillin
(KWS data 16 March 2010 N Yorks)
Large yield benefits from varieties with good light l f t i t
5.5Untreated Proline aut + sp Proline spring
leaf spot resistance
5.0
Untreated Proline aut + sp Proline spring
4.5
d (t/
ha)
3 5
4.0Yiel
d
3.0
3.5
Castille Cuillin(KWS data 2010 N Yorks)Castille 4.19 Cuillin 4.84 LSD =0.2
fLight leaf spot control
• Importance in England still underestimatedImportance in England still underestimated
• 15% planted affected at stem extension = 5% yield loss
• Older azoles still giving control and economic responses
• Exploit varieties with good resistance where farms have difficulty controlling light leaf spot
Sclerotinia stem rot in 2010
• Late infection recorded intoLate infection recorded into June
S l ti i i f ti f d• Sclerotinia infection found after some single fungicide sprays
• Two spray programmes worked well at high risk sitesworked well at high risk sites
TreatedUntreated
SkleroPro infection model – Koch et al. 2006
• Minimum requirements for infection:Minimum requirements for infection:
7ºC and 80% RH for 23hr
• Potential decision making tool
• Identifies infection events in England
l9
Slide 17
l9 Enlarge the reference for Koch and give longer explanation of SkleroPro and how it is not a tool that growers can easily uselaurat, 12/01/2011
Fungicide persistence 3 weeks – needed 2 g psprays in 2010
35
30
35
Sklero Pro infection events
20
25
all (
mm
)
10
15
Rai
nfa
AFD
0
5
01-Apr 08-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr 06-May 13-May 20-May 27-May 03-Jun 10-Jun
Sclerotinia surveys WOSR England 1986-2010 –y glow in 2010
CropMonitor data7
CropMonitor data
5
6
4
5
affe
cted
2
3
% p
lant
s
1
2
0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
l6
S l ti i i id (% l t )
Region 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sclerotinia incidence (% plants)
gEast 1.9 7.9 0.1 1.3
M & W 2 5 2 0 0 9 0 3M & W 2.5 2.0 0.9 0.3
North 1.6 3.4 0.2 0.2
South East 6.5 6.8 1.8 0
South West 34.7 7.6 0.4 0.9
Mean 5 7 6 2 0 5 0 7Mean 5.7 6.2 0.5 0.7
l7
S fSclerotinia fungicide trial – spray dates 2010
• Hereford cv DK CabernetHereford cv DK Cabernet
Sprayed 13 May GS 4,5
• Essex cv Vision
Sprayed 5 May GS 4,5
Products stretched in 2010 by late flowering i f ti ( l J )
HGCA Fungicide Performance: sclerotinia control Hereford 2010
infection (early June)
40
50
LSD = 5.3
30
40
ecte
d
20
% p
lant
s af
fe Untreated0.51
10
0Amistar Compass Filan Galileo Proline Prosaro Topsin
Responses c. 1 t/ha from all products, Hereford
HGCA Fungicide Performance: yield responses to sclerorinia control Hereford 2010
2010
HGCA Fungicide Performance: yield responses to sclerorinia control Hereford 2010
6
LSD = 0.32
5
5.5
4.5
Yiel
d (t/
ha)
Untreated0.51
3.5
4
3Amistar Compass Filan Galileo Proline Prosaro Topsin
Untreated sclerotinia incidence and yield response to control
y = 0.0252x + 0.05452.5
3
y 0.0252x 0.0545R2 = 0.84
1.5
2
onse
(t/h
a)
0.5
1
Yiel
d re
spo
-0.5
00 20 40 60 80 100
% sclerotinia% sclerotinia
(data taken from 3 products at full dose from HGCA-funded Fungicide Performance trials 2006 - 2010)
Action points on sclerotinia control
• Higher risk for next few yearsHigher risk for next few years
• Sclerotinia control usually justifies high doses
• Spray timing is critical
• Protectant activity for 3 weeks
• Consider 2-spray programmes for high risk sitesConsider 2 spray programmes for high risk sites