Fungi (Chapter 31)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12IOA6A11e8

Pink ear rot of corn

Fungi

Are they always a nuisance?

Mold in the shower

Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) Shaggy Mane (Coprinus comatus)

Mycorrhizae:Fungus living in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots

Fungal production of an antibiotic

Budding yeast

Psilocybes

psilocybin serotonin

Dutch Elm Disease

Decomposers

Mycology: Study of Fungi

31.2 Structure of a multicellular fungus

Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate (coenocytic) hyphae (right)

31.3

31.20 A fairy ring

31.1. Can you spot the largest organism in this forest?

31.7. Yeast: Asexually-reproducing, single-celled fungus

31.6. Mold: Asexually-reproducing, rapidly-growing fungus (Penicillium)

Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)

• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)

31.25. Examples of fungal diseases of plants.

Strawberries with Botrytis mold, a plant parasitic fungus

Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)

• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)

• Predators

31.4 Specialized fungal hyphae

Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic material)

• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic material)

• Predators

• Mutualistic symbionts

31.23. Lichens (mutualism between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus)

31.24Anatomy of a lichen

Anatomy of a lichen

Algal cells

Fungus

Mycorrhizae:Fungus living in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots

An experimental test of the benefits of mycorrhizae (soybean plants)

Compare with 31.21.InquiryDo endophytes (fungi within plants) benefit a woody plant

31.22 Fungal-animal mutualistic symbiosisLeaf cutting ants depend on fungi to convert plant material into ant food. Ants feed the fungi the leaves

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxnmh4IDYaU

Which of the following statements is sufficient by itself to identify an unknown organism as belonging to the kingdom Fungi?

a) It is multicellular and non-photosynthetic.

b) It has cell walls and reproduces by spores.

c) It has filamentous growth and obtains its food by absorption.

d) It has prokaryotic cells, and cell walls made of chitin.

e) It is unicellular and eukaryotic.

31.5 Generalized life cycle of fungi

Phylogeny of fungi

31.11. Exploring fungal diversity.

Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi)

• Fungi without known sexual stages that cannot (yet) be classified.

Phylogeny of fungi

31.10 Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – aquatic (~1,000 species)

Flagellated stage (zoospore)

Some chytrids are devastating amphibian populations

Phylogeny of fungi

The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries

Zygomycota - Conjugating Fungi

31.13 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)

Young zygosporangium

Mature zygosporangium

Pilobolus

Dung cannon fungus (Pilobolus crystallinus) on rabbit pellets.

Phylogeny of fungi

31.15. Glomeromycetes: Arbuscular mycorrhizae with hyphae tips that push into plant roots and branch into tiny tree-like

structures

Phylogeny of fungi

Sac Fungi: Ascomycetes - Life cycle (31.17)

Antheridia Developing asci Mature ascus with ascospores

Budding yeast

31.16. Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

Scarlet cup

Truffles Morel

A moldy orange (left), Penicillium (right)

Phylogeny of fungi

31.19. The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete

Gills (reproduction)

31.18 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left),turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)

Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane

Amanita

Review of Fungal Phyla (p. 652)

What is the fungal process that has the opposite effect on chromosome number than the effect of meiosis?

• Mitosis

• Plasmogamy

• Crossing over

• Binary fission

• Karyogamy