FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Sustainable and Cleaner Production in the Manufacturing Industries of

PakistanSCI-Pak

Mar 2009- Feb 2012

Water Consumption Figures

Water extensive industry (500-5,000 m3/d)

Specific water consumption (75-400 liter/kg)

Water Consumption Estimation

Water turbine capacity and running hours

Process wise water consumption estimation (Recipe)

Wastewater flow monitoring (WW = 80% of fresh water consumption)

Production in meters x average width (m) x average GSM ÷ 1000 = kg

Water Wastages

Water is free and abundantly available No water monitoring Extensive washings (Fabric, Floor, drums) Old inefficient machines

(Automatic water shut off valves, co-current washing, leakages)

Wastages from water hoses No reuse of steam condensate as boiler

feed water

Water Wastages

Wastage of cooling water No reuse of RO rejected and softener

backwash water

Water monitoring and its control Reuse of cooling water (Heat exchangers, singeing, compressors, cooling drums, calenders, comfit, chillers, pumps etc)Automatic water shut off valves Countercurrent washings

Reuse of steam condensate as boiler feed water

Reuse of RO rejected water and softener backwash water in wash rooms

Reuse of process washes (Scouring-desizing, mercerization-scouring & bleaching, bleaching- scouring)

Water shut off valves at water hoses Reuse of colored water for washing color

kitchen floor, printing machine accessories and pigment drums

Optimum consumption: 40-100 m3/ton of hides

Higher consumption (no water conservation measures): 350-1,000 m3/ton of hides

# Tanning Process Water Consumption

(%)

1 Soaking 15-20

2 Liming 25-35

3 De-liming & Bating 8-12

Total Beam House 48-67

4 Pickling & Tanning 7-15

5 Re-tanning, Dyeing , Fat Liquoring

8-14

Total Tanning and Post Tanning

15-29

Running washes No float control (No measurement

of water being fed into the drum) Generally high float is maintained, 100-

200% more (to be on the safer side) Floor washing, self bathing with

the large diameter pipeline Leakages in the water pipelines Steam condensate is wasted More washes are required for

salted hides in the soaking process

Batch washes Water measurement with water

flow meters Low float (Optimum) Separate small diameter pipeline

for floor washing and self bathing Leakage control Use of desalted hides (20% water

saving) Reuse of steam condensate