MELBOURNE6-7 May 2019Rendezvous Hotel

PERTH9-10 May 2019Mercure Perth

8.30 am - 4.30 pm

Your True Partner inAttaining Professional Excel-lence

A 2-Day Technical Seminar on

Fundamentals of Earthingfor Power Systems

Who Should Attend?Technical personnel who are involved in the design,installation, operation and maintenance of earthingsystems for electricity networks, such as

◊ Electrical power system engineers, managersand technical officers

◊ Power System Planners and Designers

◊ Power System Consultants and Contractors

◊ Construction and Project Managers◊ Power System O&M Engineers

◊ Others who want a solid preparation inearthing design

Course Leader’s Profile

CPD RecognitionThis training program is especially designed to meet theContinuing Professional Development (CPD) needs ofparticipants. A Certificate of Attendance will be awarded atthe end of the program. This serves as evidence of yourpersonal and professional commitment to your career.

REGISTER NOW! Register on line @ www.cpdint.com.au

Overview

This two-day seminar provides attendees with thefundamental concepts and practical aspects associated withelectrical earthing for power systems, in particular powergenerating stations, substations, overhead lines and partsof industrial, commercial, institutional and mining facilities.Hence, the emphasis of the course is on the main principlesfor high voltage system earthing (1000 V AC and higher).The course not only covers the key concepts and principlesin this domain, but also makes constant reference toapplicable national and international standards and codes.The key topics of personnel safety and substation earthingsystem design form a major focus of the course.

Attendees will be exposed to numerous examples and casestudies, which will be investigated via tutorial questions anddemonstrations with sophisticated software packages.

Dr Franco D’Alessandro receivedhis Ph.D. in experimental physics fromthe University of Tasmania, Australia,in 1996, spending the early year of hiscareer in university teaching &research.

In 1997, he moved into the privatesector and worked on many aspects oflightning protection and earthing, from research to productsand applications, both in Australia and the United States. In2007, he set up PhysElec Solutions Pty Ltd, providingindependent consultancy services on lightning protectionand earthing projects for a wide range of clients globally.

In June 2013, PhysElec Solutions merged with LightningProtection International Pty Ltd, where it continues toprovide independent consultancy services in lightningprotection and earthing.

Dr D’Alessandro has delivered many seminars andpresentations on lightning protection and earthing withinAustralia and overseas and has published more than 90technical papers. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE andmember of IEAust as well as a contributor to Standards andcode-setting committees in Australia, Europe and the UnitedStates.

Earthing has often been, and still is, portrayed as a “difficultsubject” and a “black art”. The main goal of this seminar is todemonstrate to attendees that this is not the case, i.e., to goback to fundamentals and to systematically demystify thesubject. Attendees will leave the course with a soundknowledge of the subject matter, fully equipped with thenecessary understanding to deal with earthing issues in theirown workplaces.

Effective earthing ensures that earth faults associated withthe power system are detected so that the earth faultprotection devices are effectively operated to disconnect thesupply. When a fault causes current to flow to earth, theearthing system should also ensure that the voltage ofconducting parts that may be touched by a person is nothazardous. Such voltages can occur within power systemstations and on metallic structures along the length of, orclose to power lines, under earth fault current conditions.

Hence, earthing systems must ensure personnel safety aswell as the safety of the general public. With the introductionof the new Work Health & Safety Act due for nationwideimplementation in the near future, it is no longer acceptableto simply “apply a standard” and hope this is sufficient. TheAct makes statements such as “reasonably practicable”, “duediligence” and there is now more focus on “risk-based”approaches. It also defines a “person conducting a businessor undertaking” and so has implications for the roles ofconsultants and other engineers. Hence, the new Act has abig impact on the whole subject of earthing because of itsmore onerous justification requirements for the assumedsafety level. Therefore, attendees will gain sufficientknowledge to be able to do more than simply “apply astandard” – they will be equipped with the skills to completeearthing projects with full accountability.

Finally, since earthing codes and standards are continuallybeing revised, new concepts and design criteria are beingintroduced (e.g., risk-based earthing) and new researchfindings are being published on a continuous basis, thisseminar provides attendees with the opportunity to keep upto date in this field and to avoid the pitfalls of out-datedideas and practices.

The seminar provides attendees with an introductory-to-intermediate level of understanding of earthingfundamentals. Amongst other things, course attendeeswill learn:

◊ The function of power system earthing and the variousoptions available;

◊ The role of protective earthing in ensuring safety;◊ How to measure soil resistivity, design earthing systems

and measure earthing system resistance;◊ The fundamental principles in the design of earthing

systems for substations;◊ The role of earthing in protecting power systems from

lightning hazards; and◊ How to apply a holistic, risk-based approach to

earthing.

What You Will Learn

Why Should You Attend?

Note : Since many tutorial questions will be undertakenwhich will require attendees to perform numericalcalculations, attendees are advised to bring their ownscientific calculator to the seminar.

Course Contents

Email register@cpdint.com.au or Visit www.cpdint.com.au

Customised In-House Course Available

This program can be customised to suit specific needs of yourorganisation at significant savings.

Please contact us on (04) 5038 7277 oremail enquiry@cpdint.com.au for more details.

6. Earthing Systems: Design, Modelling & Analysis◊ Definitions, concept of resistance.◊ Earthing hazards – earth potential rise, step voltage,

touch voltage, transfer voltage.◊ Earthing system design – steps, empirical equations vs

software approach, design categories.◊ Proximity effect, effect of MEN systems.◊ Calculation of step and touch voltages.◊ Parameter sensitivity analysis.◊ Importance of the soil resistivity model (soil layer

effects).◊ Surface material resistivity.◊ “Electrically large” earthing systems.◊ Fences – to bond or not to bond ?◊ Transferred voltages, induced voltages, voltage

perturbations.◊ Third party voltage hazards.◊ Adjacent earthing systems – to bond or not to bond, soil

effects, HV & LV (interconnect or separate),underground mine earthing.

◊ Earthing design improvements.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

7. Earthing Systems: Measurement & Interpretation◊ Common methods for measuring earthing system

resistance (or impedance) and earth potential rise –2-point, 3-point, simplified and full FOP, slope method,selective testing, stakeless method.

◊ Testing large earthing systems, method limitations.◊ Sources of error, factors affecting measurement

accuracy, test equipment.◊ Interpretation of resistance (or impedance)

measurements.◊ Measurement of prospective step and touch voltages.◊ Latest research findings.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

8. Earthing Systems– Frequency Effects◊ Electrical transients – definition and sources.◊ Characteristics of lightning, lightning effects.◊ Earthing for lightning – frequency dependence, transient

impedance.◊ EPR, step and touch voltage for lightning.◊ Earthing systems for lightning – types, model, factors

& dependencies, etc.◊ The “critical length” when designing for lightning.◊ Transmission line earthing.◊ Practical tips, target impedance.◊ Soil ionisation and implications.◊ Recent research findings.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

9. Summary◊ Review of the key points of the seminar◊ Time permitting—open forum/group discussion

1. Introduction◊ Power system earthing basics – definitions and purpose,

neutral earthing methods, LV systems.◊ Fundamental earthing concepts – Maxwell’s equations,

coupling mechanisms.◊ Practical aspects of earthing electrodes– materials, types,

corrosion and lifetimes issues, cathodic protection,lifetime issues, sizing, current capacity, earth enhancingmaterials.

◊ Tutorial questions

2. Earthing and Personnel Safety◊ Electric shock hazard – cause and effect, earth potential

rise, deterministic vs probabilistic, fault current duration.◊ Electric shock hazard – physiological effects, tolerable

current, frequency dependence, current pathways, bodyimpedance, safety criteria.

◊ Step, touch and transfer voltages.◊ Use of surface layers.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

3. Soil Resistivity Measurement and Modelling◊ Characteristics, definition, typical values, dependencies,

seasonal variations.◊ Soil resistivity paradox and importance.◊ Soil resistivity and human safety.◊ Common measurement methods – driven rod, Wenner,

Schlumberger etc.◊ Important practical tips for carrying out soil resistivity

surveys.◊ Sources of soil resistivity measurement error.◊ Instrumentation and equipment.◊ Modelling of soil resistivity measurements and data

interpretation.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

4. Fault Currents◊ Definition, transfer mechanisms, causes, types, decrement

factor, X/R ratio.◊ Maximum grid current.◊ Fault current paths and division.◊ Fault current reduction.◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

5. Earthing Codes and Standards◊ Overview of key standards and their differences:

● Australian and New Zealand guides (ENA EG0, ENAEG1, EEA);

● Australian and New Zealand standards (AS/NZS60479.1, AS 2067, AS/NZS 3000, AS/NZS 3007,AS/NZS 7000);

● IEC standards (IEC 60479-1, IEC 61936-1, HD 637, EN50522); and

● IEEE standards (IEEE Std. 80, IEEE Std. 81, IEEE Std. 367,IEEE Std. 665).

◊ Touch voltage requirements of the above standards,codes and guides.

◊ Australia’s earthing risk management principles:● Risk management process, due diligence;● Risk analysis, tolerable risk;● Standard curves vs direct probabilistic calculations; and● Hazard mitigation and improvements.

◊ Tutorial questions and /or case study

Course fees & Details

Step 1 - Scan the completed form to register@cpdint.com.auA Registration Confirmation and Tax Invoice willbe sent to you via email upon receipt ofregistration form.

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ENQUIRIES : CALL (04) 5038 7277 orEMAIL enquiry@cpdint.com.au

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Registration form

Your True Partner in AttainingProfessional Excellence

Please register the following delegates for the event - “Fundamentals of Earthing for Power Systems” Seminar

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□ MELBOURNE, 6-7 May 2019, Rendezvous Hotel Melbourne □ PERTH, 9-10 May 2019, Mercure Perth

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Course Registration Fee :

Register before 15 March 2019 :AUD1,280.00 + AUD128.00(GST) =AUD1,408.00 per delegate

Register after 15 March 2019 :AUD1,380.00 + AUD138.00(GST) =AUD1,518.00 per delegate

Register 3 or more delegates at the same time for this course:AUD1,242.00 + AUD124.20 (GST)=AUD1,366.20 per delegate

Payment Terms : Payment is required before the event.Delegates may be refused admission if payment is notreceived prior to the event. Registration Fee includes lunch,refreshments and training documentation/notes.

Cancellation : A substitute or replacement is welcome at noadditional charge. However, any cancellation of registrationmust be made in writing. If you cancel at 14 or more calendardays before the commencement of the event, you will receivea full refund, minus a non-refundable $250 administration fee.If you have not paid for the event, you will still be invoiced forthe $250 administration fee. If you cancel within 14 calendardays of the commencement of the event, you will be chargedthe full fee, even if you have not paid yet.

Accommodation : Arrangements for accommodation are theresponsibility of participants and costs are not included in thecourse fee. Accommodation is available at the venue/close byand information can be made available to interestedregistrants.

Note : The organizer reserves the right to make changes tothe event schedule, contents and venue. The viewsexpressed in the event are not necessarily those of CPDInternational Pty Ltd.————————————————————————

ACN 108 072 162 ABN 49 108 072 162

Address : Level 20, Tower A, Zenith Centre,

821 Pacific Highway, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia

Tel : (04) 5038 7277 Fax: (02 ) 9988 3399