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Fundamentals of Bahasa MalaysiaBy : DjRay, DLanguage STUDIO Langkawi
DLanguage STUDIO provides Malay Video Lessons
This page reveals the basic fundamentals of Malay,
designed for English speaking students
For video lessons, Please visit us at
www.dlanguagestudio.com
The Basic RulesAbout Tenses
Tenses
In Bahasa Malaysia, Past Tense Verbs do not exist.
Eg : I eat = I ate = Saya makan.
Actions are explained using timeas indicator of present, past or future
Eg : I eat everydaySaya makan setiap hari
Eg : I ate just nowSaya makan tadi
Prefixes are widely used
with Bahasa Malaysia
verbs
eg : me.., be.., ter.. and
di...
Suffixes are also widely
used with Bahasa
Malaysia verbs
eg : ..kan, …i
Note : Prefix and suffix is
available in Bahasa
Malaysia Part 2
The Basic Rules About Verbs
Verbs
Similar to English, Bahasa Malaysia uses Simple, Continuous and
Perfect Verbs to explain present, past and future actions
Simple : Saya makan hari-hari – I eat everyday
Continuous : Saya sedang makan sekarang – I am eating now
Perfect : Saya sudah makan – I have eaten
Active & Passive verbs
Similar to English, Active and Passive sentences exist in Bahasa
Malaysia
Active : Saya makan ayam – I eat chicken
Passive : Ayam itu dimakan.. – The chicken was eaten ..
The Basic Rules Arrangement of Articles, possessions,adjectives
• Opposite to English, the articles, possessive pronouns and adjectives are placed after the nouns. Examples :
• Articles : the house rumah itu
• Possessive pronoun : my house rumah saya
• Adjective : big house rumah besar
The Basic Rules About Verb to be
The use of ‘to be’ ie is, are, am, was, were
• When a noun explains its position
‘to be’ is translated as : berada
• When a noun explains itself as a noun
‘to be’ is translated as : ialah
• When a noun explains its adjective,
‘to be’ is not translated
• When ‘to be’ is used in continuous action,
‘to be’ is translated as : sedang
• When ‘to be’ is used in a passive voice,
‘to be’ is translated as : di
Examples
• Saya berada di rumah
• I am at home
• Ini ialah abang saya
• This is my brother
• Ini kereta
• This is a car
• Saya sedang makan
• I am eating
• Saya diberitahu semalam
• I was informed yesterday
Common Nouns
Similar to English, common nouns in Malay refers to people, animal and things
Singularity and Plurality are shown below :
office : pejabat offices : pejabat-pejabat
room : bilik rooms : bilik-bilik
friend : kawan friends : kawan-kawan
guest : tetamu guests : tetamu-tetamu
Articles The, This, That, These, Those
• The position of articles in Bahasa Malaysia is opposite to English
• Usually, ‘the’ in the last noun of a sentence is not translated unless it means ‘that’
Singular Noun Plural Noun
• the office pejabat itu the offices pejabat-pejabat itu
• the room bilik itu the rooms bilik-bilik itu
• this guest tetamu ini these guests tetamu-tetamu ini
• that guest tetamu itu those guests tetamu-tetamu itu
Adverbs of Quantity
The position of adverbs of quantity in Bahasa Malaysia is similar to English
Singular Noun Plural Noun
• a guest seorang tetamu many guests ramai tetamu
• one guest satu tetamu a few guests beberapa tetamu
• a litte sugar sedikit gula a lot of people ramai orang
• a satu or se_____ many banyak (for non-human)
• a child seorang budak many ramai (for human)
• a little sedikit a lot of banyak/ramai
• a car sebuah kereta plenty banyak/ramai
• a bottle of sebotol several beberapa
• an egg sebiji telur
• a pencil sebatang pensil
• a knife sebilah pisau
• a packet sepaket
• a cup of coffee secawan kopi
Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns (subject) Personal Pronouns (object)
I Saya me saya
You Awak you awak
He Dia him dia / nya
She Dia her dia / nya
We Kita / kami us kita / kami
They Mereka them mereka
It Ia it ia / nya
Possessive Pronouns
Singular Possession Plural Possession
my car kereta saya my cars kereta-kereta saya
your house rumah awak your houses rumah-rumah awak
his house rumahnya / dia his houses rumah-rumahnya / dia
her house rumahnya / dia her houses rumah-rumahnya / dia
our house rumah kita our houses rumah-rumah kita
their house rumah mereka their houses rumah-rumah mereka
its kitten anaknya its kittens anak-anaknya
Preposition
at di at pada (used to indicate time)
on di atas to ke
in di dalam with dengan
under di bawah near dekat
beside di sebelah nearby dekat dengan
here di sini from dari
there di sana far jauh
and dan
Note : In English, we use verb to be such as ‘is, am, are.. etc’ to explain a location of a noun. In Bahasa Malaysia, we can omit ‘to be’ for this purpose, or use ‘berada’
Eg : I am here Saya di sini or Saya berada di sini
Structure of a sentence
Subject
Noun
Verb or :berada
ialah
noun
Adjective
Object
Noun
Verb
all
I live here Saya tinggal di sini
I am Tom Saya Tom
I am happy today Saya gembira hari ini
Structure of a Question
Subject
Noun
Verb or :
berada
ialah
noun
adjective
Object
Noun
Verb
all
Interrogative
Or
Adakah
Do you live here? Adakah awak tinggal di sini
What is your mane? Siapa nama awak?
Are you happy today? Adakah awak gembira hari ini?
Sample Conversation1
Conversation 1
My name is Alex and this is Adam
I am from England
This is my wife
We arrived yesterday
We stay in room 206
We like this hotel
This hotel is beautiful
That boy is my son
He likes this hotel too
He wants to eat at the restaurant
Can you show us where is the
restaurant?
Perbualan 1
Nama saya Alex dan ini Adam
Saya dari England
Ini isteri saya
Kami tiba semalam
Kami tinggal di bilik 206 (dua kosong
enam)
Kami suka hotel ini
Hotel ini cantik
Budak lelaki itu anak saya
Dia suka hotel ini juga
Dia mahu makan di restoren
Bolehkah awak tunjukkan kami di mana
restoren?
Numbers, Days & Months
Days of the week
Monday Hari Isnin
Tuesday Hari Selasa Wednesday Hari Rabu
Thursday Hari Khamis
Friday Hari Jumaat Saturday Hari Sabtu
Sunday Hari Ahad
Examples:
What day is today?
Hari ini hari apa?
Today is Monday
Hari ini Hari Isnin / Hari ini Isnin
Note : ‘is’ is not translated
Month of the Year
January Januari
February Februari
March Mac
April April
May Mei
June Jun
July Julai
August Ogos
September September
October Oktober
November November
December Disember
Month = Bulan
In English we say : What month is it?
In BM, it is asked this way :
What month is this month?
Bulan ini bulan apa?
This month is June
Bulan ini Bulan June
Note : ‘is’ is not translated
Numbers
1 Satu 11 Sebelas 21 Dua Puluh satu
2 Dua 12 Dua Belas 22 Dua Puluh dua
3 Tiga 13 Tiga Belas 30 Tiga Puluh Satu
4 Empat 14 Empat Belas 39 Tiga Puluh Sembilan
5 Lima 15 Lima Belas 40 Empat Puluh
6 Enam 16 Enam Belas 60 Enampuluh
7 Tujuh 17 Tujuh Belas 80 Lapan Puluh
8 Lapan 18 Lapan Belas 100 Seratus or Satu Ratus
9 Sembilan 19 Sembilan Belas 101 Seratus Satu
10 Sepuluh 20 Dua Puluh 1000 Seribu or Satu Ribu
Interrogatives
What? Apa? What car? Kereta apa?
Where? Di mana? Which car? Kereta mana?
Why? Kenapa? Whose car? Kereta siapa?
When? Bila? How many? Berapa?
Who? Siapa? How much? Berapa?
How? Bagaimana? How many cars? Berapa buah kereta?
Present & PastPresent Time Past Time _____
Now sekarang Just nowtadi
Everyday setiap hari / hari-hari Yesterday semalam
Always selalu This morning pagi tadi
Usually biasanya Last Night malam tadi
Sometimes kadang-kadang Last week minggu lepas
Seldom jarang-jarang This afternoon tengahari tadi
Once in a while sesekali Last time dulu
Often kerap/selalu Last month bulan lepas
In Bahasa Malaysia, the word ‘sudah/telah’ or ‘time’ is used to indicate a past
action. ‘Sudah/telah’ is used with verbs only.
Eg : I ate already Saya sudah makan
Eg : I ate just now Saya makan tadi or Saya sudah makan tadi
Future
Future Time
Tomorrow esok
Next week minggu hadapan
Next month bulan hadapan
Next time lain kali
Later sebentar lagi
Note
Pagi is used from 12.01am – 11.59am
Tengah hari is used from 12.00n – 2.00pm
Petang is used from 2.01pm – 7.00pm
Malam is used from 7.00pm – 12.00m
How to indicate ‘The Hours’
• What time is it now? Sekarang pukul berapa? / Sekarang
sudah pukul berapa?
• It is 1 o’clock (pm) Pukul satu tengahari
• It is 7.30 in the morning Pukul tujuh tiga puluh minit pagi /
Pukul tujuh setengah pagi
• It is 3.10 in the afternoon Pukul tiga sepuluh minit petang (considered evening)
• It is 8.12 in the evening Pukul lapan dua belas minit malam
( considered night)
• It is 8.15 in the evening Pukul lapan lima belas minit malam /
Pukul lapan suku malam
ConjunctionBeginning or middle of a sentence usually middle of sentence
and dan whereas di mana
and then selepas itu which yang
when semasa who yang
while semasa that yang
mean while sementara itu
even though walaupun
but tetapi / tapi
before sebelum
after selepas
before that sebelum itu
after that selepas itu
if sekiranya / kalau
how bagaimana
what apa yang
where dimana
when bila (indicating time)
when apabila (not indicating time)
Note :
• Most conjunctions are used to join sentences.
• Some can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, but some can only be used in the middle.
End of Fundamentals Part 1
Bahasa Malaysia Part 2 Arrangement of verbs
Let’s speak Malay
Video Lessons
Available at
www.dlanguagestudio.com