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1.018/7.30J Fall 2003Fundamentals of Ecology

Lecture 11 Carbon Cycle

Bentley M. 2003. Synthetic trees could purify air. BBC.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2784227.stm. accessed 10/10/03

Whitehouse D. 2003. Photosynthesis puzzle solved. BBC.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3174582.stm. accessed 10/10/03

Global climate change articles (handed out last class)

READINGS FOR NEXT LECTURE:

Outline for today:

I. Finish S cycle / Stable Isotope AnalysesII. Global Carbon Cycle

A. C in the newsB. Global cycleC. Carbon and temperatureD. Ecological effects of increasing CO2

The Global Carbon Cycle

Burial

0.1

Ocean

38,000

92 90

Atmospheric Pool

750

+3.2/yr

Soils

1500 Net destructionof vegetation

0.90.9

12060

GP PRp

60

6

Rivers

0.8

Land s

560plant

Reference: Schlesinger, 1997

Pools (101 5 g C)Fluxes (1015g C/yr) Rocks

81,000,000Fossil Fuels

4000

fossil fu elburning

The Global Carbon Cycle

Burial

0.1

Ocean

38,000

9092

Atmospheric Pool

Soils

1500Pools (101 5 g C)Fluxes (1015g C/yr)

Net destruction

of vegetation

Rocks

81,000,000Fossil Fuels

4000

Rivers

0.8

12060

GP PRp

60

6

Land s

560plant

fossil fu elburning

+3.2/yr

750

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Measured changes in CO2 dissolved on the surface of the Atlantic ocean.

Adapted from: Schlesinger, 1997 (Figure 9.10)

Adapted from Krebs, Fig. 28.13 Adapted from Krebs, Fig. 28.11Trees from Arizon, North Carolina and Italy

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Concentration of CO2 at Mauna Loa Observatory Long-term variation in global temperatureIn Hawaii. Adapted from Krebs Fig 28.9. and atmospheric CO2 concentration

determined from the Vostok Ice Core,Antarctica. Adapted from Krebs. Fig. 28.15

Temperatures Relative to Millenial Average*. Adapted from Mann et.al., 1999

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Its not just CO2

Fuels,

fertilizer,deforestation

62300.20.31Nitrous

oxide

Wetlands,

rice,livestock,

fossil fuels

122511.675Methane

Foams,

aerosols,solvents,

refrigeration

2515 00050.00225CFCs

Fossil fuels,

deforestation

5710.4351Carbon

dioxide

Principal

sources of

gas

Current

GreenhouseContribution

(%)

Relative

greenhouseefficiency

(CO2 = 1)

Annual

ConcentrationIncrease

(%)

Atmospheric

Concentration

(ppm)Gas

Fuels,

fertilizer,deforestation

62300.20.31Nitrous

oxide

Wetlands,

rice,livestock,

fossil fuels

122511.675Methane

Foams,

aerosols,solvents,

refrigeration

2515 00050.00225CFCs

Fossil fuels,

deforestation

5710.4351Carbon

dioxide

Principal

sources of

gas

Current

GreenhouseContribution

(%)

Relative

greenhouseefficiency

(CO2 = 1)

Annual

ConcentrationIncrease

(%)

Atmospheric

Concentration

(ppm)Gas

Source: Schlesinger, 1997

Effects of increased CO2 on Phytoplankton: Time variation of Larval weightRiebesell U., et. al. Reduced calcification of (adapted from Krebs Fig. 28.17)Marine phytoplankton in response to increasedAtmospheric CO2. Nature 407:364 (2000).

Read:

ZKA BISKUP, GET THE OCEANS SOME TUMS

tudy questionsest C reservoirs and fluxes in the environment?

g carbon likely to be?

AGNIES

Published on October 7, 2003, Boston Globe, Page C2 Col 2

S What are the larg

What do we mean by the missing carbon? Where is this missin

How do temperate forests respond to elevated CO2 after 1-5 years? 30 years?

How can stable isotopes be used to determine temperature 1000s of years ago?

By what mechanism do oceans primarily absorb CO2?