FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS GPS

By

V. Jyosthna

13311D0616

Objective

To Implement a stand alone GPS radio into a single chip

Introduction GPS L1 Signal is DSSS and hence Spread spectrum employed

here is BPSK DSSS 20 MHz Wideband signal broadcasting Two DSSS signals are broadcast in this band are P code and the

C/A code Received signal power=130 dBm C/A code noise power=111 dBm SNR=19 dB IF usage is of 2 types1) Dual Conversion Architecture2) Using Single IF

GPS L1 band signal spectrum.

GPS Radio embedded in application from down conversion to code de-spreading.

Chip design

RF Section

IF Filter After downconversion, the signal is amplified

using a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) with 20-dB gain programmability

Second order IF polyphase filter

PLL Synthesizer

Implementation

0.18 µm RF CMOS process with six metal levels nMOS in excess of 55 GHz High linearity 0.85-fF/µm MIM capacitances 10- cm substrate resistivity The availability of the triple well allows isolation

of the nMOS transistors from the substrate. High quality factor MOS varactors, while for

inductors it is about 7 at 1.6 GHz.

GPS radio plus DNS generators

Measured S11

Image rejection bandwidth at IF

PLL Phase noise measured at f0=4

RF Signal down converted by the GPS Radio to 9.45 MHz

Experimental Results

The full GPS radio housed in a VFQFPN52 package and soldered into an application board that has been characterized with the three DNS generators turned off

The PLL with its on-chip loop filter has been characterized and the total phase noise, integrated between 500 Hz and 1.5 MHz, is below 7 rms in all measured samples

Table for Receiver chain

GPS Radios-State of Art

IF interferer generated by DNS down

converted by the GPS radio to IF

The GPS radio net power consumption is 35.4mWat 1.8 V

For frequencies close to the GPS L1 signal, either the Fnoise signal injected by the DNS over supply and ground is down converted by the LNA-mixer and amplified by the IF filter. The measured amplitude is 33 dBm, therefore, the input signal is 124 dBm.

Advantages

Less Cost

Compact in Size

Low Power Consumption

Highest level Integration

Applications

Mobile phones

Portable Computers

Watches, etc…

Conclusion

A 3.6-mm^2 CMOS GPS radio with better performance can be achieved by lower IF frequency that allows for a gain-bandwidth reduction in the IF filters by using a low-power quadrature LC VCO instead of a ring oscillator with over all power consumption of 35.4 mW.The next step is the single-chip integration of the GPS radio together with a digital baseband processor.