Fully Extractive vs. Dilution CEMS by Tim · PDF fileFully Extractive Vs. Dilution Extractive ... Stack clearances for probe installation and removal ... Fully Extractive vs. Dilution

Fully ExtractiveVs.

Dilution ExtractiveCEMS

Cemtek EnvironmentalEmissions Seminar & Training Session

Santa Ana, CA

CEMTEK Environmental Inc.3041 S. Orange Ave.

a technical solution tomeet every need…

© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.

gSanta Ana, CA 92707

800-400-0200www.cemteks.com

Continuous Emission Monitoring

CEMS are required for a variety of different applications and can be found t f iliti h at facilities such as:

Turbines-Gas & Oil Fired, Boilers-Gas, Oil & Coal Fired, IC Engines-Landfill Gas, Wastewater Treatment-Sewage Sludge Incinerators & IC Engines, Sludge Incinerators & IC Engines, Refinery, Waste to Energy, Cogeneration & Process Applications


CEMS& & Process Monitors

Ambient Dilution Full-Extractive Dry

Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, NDIR, GFC, Zirconia,

Ambient, Dilution, Full-Extractive Dry,Hot-Wet Extractive

, , , , ,Paramagnetic, Tunable Diode Laser, Heated FID (Flame Ionization Detection) and FTIR Low NOx/NO/NO2/NH3/SO2/SO3/CO/CO2/O2/VOCs, Mercury, Opacity, Flow, Ozone, Calibrators and PM


y, p y, , ,

CEMS TYPES

FULLY EXTRACTIVE (DRY BASIS)DILUTION EXTRACTIVE (WET BASIS)OTHERS:

•FULLY EXTRACTIVE (HOT/WET)•IN-SITU (CROSS STACK or PROBE)•EX-SITU (CLOSE COUPLED EXTRACTIVE)


FULLY EXTRACTIVE - Dry Basis Sample Gas Dried To A Dew-point Of +2°C Excellent Performance In Low Concentrations Good Performance In High Concentrations Requires Preventative Maintenance MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence,

NDIR, UV Absorption, UV Fluorescence, Paramagnetic Zirconia FTIR DOAS IR-GFCParamagnetic, Zirconia, FTIR, DOAS, IR-GFC

Heated Probe Filter And Heated Sample Line Moisture Volume Needs to be Determined


Moisture Volume Needs to be Determined –Constant or Measured

Probe

Sample Line

Probe

NOx

Pump

O2

CoolerCO

Inst Air

Cal Gas

Inst. Air


Extractive Flow Schematic

SAMPLE CONDITIONING BAY


SAMPLE COOLER

SAMPLE PUMPSAMPLE PUMP PERISTALTIC PUMP



Fully Extractive Heated Probe

SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL

SAMPLE FLOWSAMPLE FLOW CONTROL PANEL


SAMPLE PROBE WITH HEATED FILTER


DILUTION EXTRACTIVE - Wet Basis DILUTES SAMPLE WITH CLEAN DRY AIR MINIMIZES MAINTENANCE USES HIGHLY SENSITIVE GAS ANALYZERSUSES HIGHLY SENSITIVE GAS ANALYZERS LOWER COST SAMPLE LINE – FREEZE

PROTECTED SIMPLE TO OPERATE SIMPLE TO OPERATE MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence

(NOx), UV Fluorescence (SO2), GFC-IR (CO), NDIR (CO2 diluent)



Dilution Extractive Flow Schematic

Blow Back(purge)

Cal Gas

Bypass Air

Dilution Air(purge) Gas Air Air

Vacuum

Stack

Pressure Comp

Diluted Sample

O t

DILUTION PROBE SCHEMATIC (Out-Of-Stack)

Out


Side View

Diluted Sample Out

VacuumDilution Air

Cal Gas

Pressure Comp


DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)Out

Bypass

Top View

Bypass Air

Heated Filter


DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)

Heated Block

Bypass Air

Blow Back Air


DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)

DILUTION CONTROL PANEL

GAS ANALYZERSANALYZERS


TRACE GAS SCRUBBERSSCRUBBERS

ACCUMULATORACCUMULATOR TANK

HEATLESS AIR DRYER


CEMS SELECTION AND DESIGNApplication Choices – Dilution or Extractive Pollutant Concentrations Lowest constituent dictates May preclude dilution due to analyzer

limitations Mass Emissions Requirement Mass Emissions Requirement Dilution is a wet basis measurement Requires flow measurement


APPLICATION CHOICES Dilution or Fully Extractive

Advantages Disadvantages

Dilution or Fully Extractive

Dilution Extractive

Low maintenanceMore reliableCoal fired

Low concentrations(Ratios above 100:1)

Coal firedSome oil fired

Fully Low concentrations Higher maintenanceExtractive Gas fired

Some oil firedFuel flow meter

Lower availability


Fuel flow meter

Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems

Engineering&

Design

Gas TurbinesGas Turbines






Gas Turbine Process Diagram

NOXCOO

Turbine Exhaust CEMS

NOX

SCR Inlet CEMS

Raw Material Dryer THC

O2NH3*


Regulatory Compliance CEMS Process CEMS

Gas TurbineAir Quality Control Systemsy y

CO Catalyst

Natural Gas Fired Turbine

SCR NOX Control


Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniquesq

Turbine Exhaust NOX + Converted NH3T bi E h t NO

Differential NOX/NH3 Converter Method

X 3Turbine Exhaust NOX

On Stack Converter

4 NH3 + 5 O2 = 4 NO + 6 H2O*High temperature catalyst


NH3 slip (ppm) = NOX (ppm) (total converted) – NOX (ppm) (unconverted)


T bi E h t NO

Inlet/Outlet Differential NOX Method

SCR Inlet NOX

Turbine Exhaust NOX


NH3 slip = NH3 fed – (NOX in – NOX out)


T bi E h t NH

Direct NH3 Measurement Method

Turbine Exhaust NH3


Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems

Engineering&

Design

Coal Fired Utility BoilersCoal Fired Utility Boilers






Coal Fired Utility Boiler Process DiagramProcess Diagram

SCR/SNCR NOX NH3 Slip

NOXSO2

Stack Exhaust CEMS

2COPMHgHCl

Flow

FGD Inlet SOX


Flow

Regulatory Compliance CEMS Process CEMSCompliance/Process CEMS

Coal Fired Utility BoilerAir Quality Control SystemsAir Quality Control Systems

SCR/SNCRNOX Control

Activated Carbon Injection Mercury Control

Particulate/Opacity Control WFGD/DFGD

SOX Control


SOX Control

Coal Fired Boiler FGD ScrubberGeneral CEMS Designg

Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations

P b D i d A i Probe Design and Accessories Corrosion resistant materials for probe tube construction to

prevent attack from acid gases (Hastelloy, Inconel, etc.) Heated probe tube in wet stack (saturated) conditions to help Heated probe tube in wet stack (saturated) conditions to help

prevent corrosion Impingement shield on probe inlet to prevent clogging from

wet particulatep Demisters to knock down entrained water in sample prior to

entering dilution orifice Probe accessibility for maintenance and service Stack clearances for probe installation and removal Temperature effects on the density of the flue gas minimized

by the use of a heated orifice




S l U bili l D i Sample Umbilical Design Sample line routing and access. Keep in mind access for stack

testers and maintenance personnel.

TestPorto t

Heated umbilical for low dilution ratios (higher moisture concentrations)


concentrations) Heated umbilical for low CO measurement applications in

conjunction with stainless steel tubing



Dil ti Ai Cl D i Dilution Air Cleanup Design Plant air cleanup panel to condition air to instrument grade

may be required Redundant dilution air cleanup for added system availability Redundant dilution air cleanup for added system availability CO and trace gas scrubbers for removal of measured gases


CO ScrubbersCO2 Adsorbers & Trace Gas Scrubbers

Documents

Fully Extractive vs. Dilution CEMS by Tim · PDF fileFully Extractive Vs. Dilution Extractive ... Stack clearances for probe installation and removal ... Fully Extractive vs. Dilution