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Full text of "The Review of applied entomology"

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THE REVIEW ?

OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY.

SERIES b: medical

AND VETERINARY.

. *'

i^

VOL. V. , -^

ISSUED BY THE IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

LONDON:

90LD BY

THE IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY,

89, QUEEN'S GATE, LONDON, S.W, 7

1917.

All Rig-hts Reserved.

IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

l>onorarp Commtuee of rnanagetnent.

VISCOUNT HARCOURT, Chairman. Lieutenant- Colonel A. W. Alcock, C.I.E., F.R.S., London School of

Tropical Medicine. Mr. E. E. Austen, Entomological Department, British Museum

(Natural History). Dr. A. G. Bagshawe, C.M.G., Director, Tropical Diseases Bureau. Mr. E. C. Bleck, C.M.G., Foreign Office.

Sir J. Rose Bradford, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., Secretary, Royal Society. Major-General Sir David Bruce, K.C.B., F.R.S., A.M.S. Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, Entomologist to the Board of Agriculture and

Fisheries. Dr. S. F. Harher, F.R.S., Keeper of Zoology, British Museum

(Natural History). Professor H. Maxwell Lefroy, Imperial College of Science and

Technology. The Hon. Sir John McCall, M.D., Agent-General for Tasmania. Dr. R. Stewart MacDougall, Lecturer on Agricultural Entomology,

Edinburgh University. Sir John McFadyean, Principal, Royal Veterinary College, Camden

Town. Sir Patrick Manson, G.C M.G., F.R.S., Late Medical Adviser to the

Colonial Office. Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G., Late Adviser to the Colonial Office

in Tropical Agriculture. Professor R. Newstead, F.R.S., Dutton Memorial Professor of

Medical Entomology, Liverpool University. Professor G. H. F. Nuttall, F.R.S., Quick Professor of Protozoology,

Cambridge. Professor E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., Hope Professor of Zoology, Oxford. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir David Prain, CLE., C.M.G., F.R.S., Director,

Roval Botanic Gardens, Kew. Sir H. J. Read, K.C.M.G., C.B., Colonial Office. The Honourable N. C. Rothschild. Mr. Hugh Scott, Curator in Entomology, Museum of Zoology,

Cambridge. Dr. A. E. Shipley, F.R.S., Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Sir Stewart Stockman, Chief Veterinary Officer, Board of Agriculture. Mr. F. V. Theobald, Vice-Principal, South-Eastem Agricultural

College, Wye. Mr. C. Warburto'n, Zoologist to the Royal Agricultural Society of

England. The Chief Entomologist in each of the Self-Governing Dominions is an ex ojjir.io member of the Committee, cncral Secretary. Mr. A. C. C. Parkinson (Colonial Office), ivcctor anO JEDitor. Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall. XiSaieta.it Director. Mr. S. A. Neave.

Head 0//fce. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road^

London, S.W. 7. Publication Office. 89, Queen's Gate, London, S.W. 7.

ERRATA.

Page 6 line 7 for " Froggatt (W. W. & T. L.)" 9

, 45 ,

, 39 " hartebeeste "

, 60 ,

, 20 "idliota"

, 60 ,

, 20 " Aedeomyia "

, 74 ,

, 19, 20 for " cornicinia "

. 78 ,

, 15 for " Bozeman "

, 80 ,

, 23 ..,

, 81 ,

2

, 91 ,

, 30 " Cumming (J. D.)

, 102 ,

, 35 " Headlee (T. H.) '

, 104 ,

, 9 ,. ' Haptochilus "

read " Froggatt (W. W. & J. L.)." "Phelps (E. B.) & Stevenson (A. F.)."

" haartebeeste."

" ioliota.^''

" Aedomyia^

" cornicina."

"Helena."

" Cununing (J. G.)." " Headlee (T. J.)." " HaplocJiihis'''

(C456) Wt.P. / . 1,500. 5.18. B.&F.Ltd Gp.Il/3

a2

NOTICE.

Subscriptions to the Review of Applied Eotomotogy tccame due on 1st of January and should be sent to the As istant Director, Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 89, Queen's Gate, S.W., or through any bookseller.

The Subject Index to the first three volumes of Series ** K** is now in the press and will be ready sh rtly. Cories, price 5/- each post free, may be obtained from the Assistant Director, as above*

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VOL. V. Ser. B. Part 1. pp. 1-16. JANUARY, 1917.

THE REVIE OF APPLIE ENTOMOLOGY,

SERIES b: medical

AND VETERINARY.

ISSUED BY THE IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

^ ^v FEB 2 1 -;/ '

4

'^''^'onal h'rJ^^"^^

LONDON I

SOIJ> BY

THE IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, 89, QUEEN'S GATE, S.W.

Price Gd. net.

All Rigrhts Reserved.

IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

i>onorarp Commirtee of n^anadcmenn

VISCOUNT HARCOURT, Chairman. Lieutenant-Colonel A. W. Alcock, C.I.E., F.R.S., London School ol

Tropical Medicine. Mr. E. E. Austen, Entomolo^cal Department, British Museum

(Natural History). Dr. A. G. Baqshawe, C.M.G., Director, Tropical Diseases Bureau. m. E. C. Blech, C.M.G., Foreign Office.

Sir J. Rose Bradford, ^..C.M.G., F.R.S., Secretary, Royal Society. Surgeon-General Sir David Bruce, C.B., F.R.S., A.M.S. Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, Entomologist to the Board of Agriculture and

Fisheries. Dr. S. F. Harmer, F.R.S., Keeper of Zoology, British Museum

(Natural History). Professor H. Maxwell Lbfrot, Imperial College of Science and

Technology. The Hon. Sir John MoCall, M.D., Agent-General for Tasmania. Dr. R. Stewart MaoDougall, Lecturer on Agricultural Entomology,

Edinburgh University. Sir John MoFadyean, Principal, Royal Veterinary College, Camden

Town. Sir Patrick Manson, G.C.M.G., F.R.S., Late Medical Adviser to the

Colonial Office. Sir Daniel Morris, K.C.M.G., Late Adviser to the Colonial Office

in Tropical Agriculture. Professor R. Newstbad, F.R.S., Dutton Memorial Professor of

Medical Entomology, Liverpool University. Professor G. H. F. Nuttall, F.R.S., Quick Professor of Protozoology,

Cambridge. Professor E. B. Poulton, F.R.S., Hope Professor of Zoology, Oxford. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir David Prain, CLE., C.M.G., F.R.S., Director,

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mr. H. J. Read, C.B., C.M.G., Colonial Office. The Honourable N. C. Rothschild.

Mr. Hugh Scott, Curator in Zoology, Museum of Zoology, Cambridge. Dr. A. E. Shipley, F.R.S., Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Sir Stewart Stockman, Chief Veterinary Officer, Board of Agriculture. Mr. F. V. Theobald, Vice-Principal, South Eastern A^cultural

College, Wye. Mr. C. Warburton, Zoologist to the Royal Agricultural Society of

England. The Chief Entomologist in each of the Self-governing Dominions

is an ex officio member of the (Committee. General SecrctacB, Mr. A. C. C. Parkikson (Colonial Office).

Z)icectot and fiMtor. Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall. assistant S)trector. Mr. S. A. Neavb.

Head Q^. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Roid,

London, S.W. Publicaiion Office. S9, Queen's Gate, London, S.W.

IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

REVIEW - ....

'"''"laij.'

OF \ ^,

APPLIED ENTOMOLO^^

Series B. Vol. v.] [1917.

Mosquito Extermination in the State of New York. U.S. Public Health Repts., Washington, B.C., xxxi, no. 41, 13th October 1916, pp. 2910-2919.

In a new article added to chapter 49 of the laws of 1909, dealing with mosquito extermination in the State of New York, provision is made for the appointment of County Commissions, who shall use every means feasible and practicable to exterminate mosquitos of every variety found within the county for which such Commission is appointed. Any accumulation of water in which mosquitos are breeding, or are likely to breed, is declared a nuisance. Members are to serve unpaid, though actual expenses in connection with the meetings are allowed for.

Zetek (J.). Reducing Malaria by reducing the Number of Anopheles within Buildings. ^ww. Entom. Soc. America, Columbus, Ohio, ix, no. 3, September 1916, pp. 275-283, 1 fig., 2 charts. [Received 4th November 1916.]

The observations recorded in this paper were made during 1912 at Mira Flores construction camp. Canal Zone. Five possible extensive breeding places of Anopheles were found in the vicinity. The pre- dominant species was A. alhimanus, Wied. ; A. pseudopunctipennis, Theo., was present in smaU numbers during the dry season, and a few specimens of A. apicimacula, D. & K., A. argyrotarsis, R.-D., and A. malefactor, D. & K., were captured.

Two camps are compared to illustrate the effect of external traps on the number of mosquitos entering them. In one provided with four traps, the number of mosquitos captured inside was 33 per cent, of the total for the two camps ; in the other which was further away from the breeding ground and was without traps, the number was 67 per cent of the total. The second camp further showed a much higher malarial rate than the first.

This method of reducing the numbers of mosquitos by trapping is applicable to other temporary camps in malarious regions and,

(C337) Wt.Pl/lOG. 1,500. 1.17. B.&F,.Ltd. Gll/3. a

2

together with screening and collecting indoors, should keep malaria at a low rate. It should, however, be supplemented by measures against the larvae. Traps should be placed on that side of the building to which mosquitos are attracted ; in the region under discussion, Anophehnes entered the traps on the lee side. Doors should be placed on the windward side of buUdings and should be opened as little as possible after dusk. Houses should be well screened with 18-mesh wire screen. Mosquitos in buildings should be caught and kiUed daily. For this purpose, if all windows except one are darkened at dawn, the Anophelines will be found to collect on this window.

Tifo esantematico (Tifo petechiale, Dermotifo). [Exanthematous Typhus.] Malaria e MaJattie dei Paesi Caldi, Rome, vii, no. 4, 20th August 1916, pp. 263-281, 4 figs.

This is one of a series of monographs on diseases of troops in war time, pubhshed by the School of Exotic Diseases attached to the Government Medical Department in Rome. Transmission by lice is accepted as the means by which typhus is spread, and preventive and curative control measures are briefly described.

Waterston (J.). Notes on African Chalcidoidea V. Bidl. Enfom. Research, London, vii, no. 2, October 1916, pp. 123-132, 5 figs.

This paper includes a description of the male of Eupelnmws tarsatus, Waterst., a parasite of Glossina inorsitans [see this Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 65] with some additional notes on the sub-apterous female.

Turner (R. E.) & Waterston (J.). A new parasite bred from Glossina morsitans in Nyasaiand. Bidl. Entom. Research, London, vii, no. 2, October 1916, pp. 133-135, 2 figs.

A description is given of a Bethylid, Prolaeliiis glossinae, sp. n., bred from the pupa of Glossina morsitans in Nyasaiand.

Edwards (F. W.). Ten new African Haemafopota. Bull. Entom. Research, Loyidon, vii, no. 2, October 1916, pp. 145-159, 10 figs., 1 plate.

The following new species of African Haematopota are described : Haemato'pota pidchella, H. obsoleta and H. rabida, from Nyasaiand, H. fasciatapex from Nyasaiand and N.E. Rhodesia, H. j)Midicornis from S. Nigeria, H. crassicrus from British East Africa, H. mordens from the Gold Coast, H. nefanda from Uganda, H.furians from Sierra Leone, and H. jierlurhans from the Congo. The descriptions are supplemented by excellent photographs of the wings.

Macfie (J. W. S.) & Ingram (A.). The Domestic Mosquitos of Accra. Bidl. Entom. Research, London, vii, no. 2, October 1916, pp. 161-177, 5 tables, 1 chart, 2 maps.

The results of a careful examination of 417 samples of water con- taining mosquito larvae, collected during a complete year from December 1914 to November 1915 by the Sanitary Inspectors at Accra,

are analysed in this paper. Ten different species of niosquitos were found in the 417 samples, viz : Stegomyia fasckUa in SS'M per cent., Cukx fatigans in 14-86 per cent., Anopheles coskdis in 0'95 per cent., Culex decens and CuUciomjiki nebniosa each in 0'71 per cent., Stegomym lukocephala and ^S. mekdlka each in ()"47 per cent., and Culex invidiosus, C. tkjripes var. fuscus, and Siegoingm nnilinecda each in 0'23 per cent. Only the first two species can therefore be said to be common domestic mosquitos in Accra. Six of the 417 samples were from the official residential area, all the rest being from native compounds. A comparison is made between these results and those which Graham obtained from 1,043 samples from the native compounds at Lagos. In both cases S. fasckila is by far the commonest species {92-5 per cent, at Lagos). C. fatigans, the only other species that was at all common at Accra, was not found at Lagos in a single .sample. An editorial note states that Dr. J. M. Dalziel has recorded the capture at Lagos of two adult C. fatigans and five instances of the larvae having been found there. Cidiciomyia nehvlosa, which came second in Graham's list (21 -6 per cent.), was found in only three samples from Accra, all from the residential quarter. The four species common to the two lists are A. costaUs, C. decens, C. tigripes var. fuscus and S. Jasciata. It is remarkable that the larvae obtained represent only ten out of the forty-one species of adult mosquitos recorded at ilccra up to 1915, viz : Anopheles coslalis, A.funestus, A. pharoensis, A. umbiosus, Culex decens, C. duttoni, C. fatigans, C. grahmni, C. guiarti, G. ins'ignis, C. invidiosus, C. ornatothoracis, C. qaasigelidus, C. thalas- sitis, C. tigripes, C. tigripes var. fuscus, Culiciomyia nehulosa, yathomyia {Prototnelanoconion) fusca, Mansonioides africanus, M. uniformis, Micraedes inconspicuosus, Mucidus mricidus, Ochlero- tatus albocephalus, 0. irritans, 0. domesticus, 0. minutus, 0. minutus\a>r. biammlatus, 0. minutus var. stenoscutus, 0. minutus var. tarsaJis, O. nigrocephalus, 0. punctothoracis, Stegoinyia fasciata, S. luteocephah, S. metallica, S. unilineata, Uranotaenia balfouri, U. connali, U. ma- shonaensis, U. mayeri. Since 1915, additional species have been collected. At Lagos, Graham obtained six species of larvae, while forty- one species of adult moscjuitos were recorded there up to 1913. In another table the mosquitos found at Accra as adults in a bungalovv' and as larvae in the samples sent by the Medical Officer of Health, from December 1914 to July 1915, are arranged according to frequency of occurrence, and a consideration of the two lists shows that an examina- tion of the larvae found in compounds not only fails to give any adequate idea of the mosquito fauna of a town, but also fails to indicate the species of mosquitos to the attacks of which the inmates of the houses are hable. It also furnishes proof of the necessity for extending anti-mosquito measures so as to reach the species that breed far afield.

In one instance collections made in a native house in a part of Accra where S. fasciata abounds yielded 156 adults, including A. costalis, C. fatigans and M. africanus, but not a single specimen of S. fasciatu. As the occurrence of this mosquito in houses in large nambers has repeatedly been recorded by others and one of the authors has often taken it in European bungalows in the Gold Coast, usually in the afternoon between 3 and 6 p.m., and not at night, a probable explana- tion is that S. fasciata, Avhilst entering houses to obtain a feed of blood,