FULL SCALE BIOREACTOR LANDFILL FOR CARBON ...Reporting Period Start Date: April 1, 2003 Reporting Period End Date: June 30, 2003 Principal Author(s) Ramin Yazdani, Senior Civil Engineer,

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FULL SCALE BIOREACTOR LANDFILL FOR CARBONSEQUESTRATION AND GREENHOUSE EMISSION CONTROL

Quarterly Technical Progress Report

Reporting Period Start Date: April 1, 2003Reporting Period End Date: June 30, 2003

Principal Author(s)Ramin Yazdani, Senior Civil Engineer, Yolo County Public Works, CaliforniaJeff Kieffer, Associate Civil Engineer, Yolo County Public Works, CaliforniaHeather Akau, Junior Engineer, Yolo County Public Works, California

Date Report IssuedAugust 2003

D.O.E. Award NumberDE-FC26-01NT41152

Name and Address of Submitting OrganizationYolo County, Planning and Public Works DepartmentAttn: Ramin Yazdani292 West Beamer StreetWoodland, CA 95695

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DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United StatesGovernment. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of theiremployees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability orresponsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Theviews and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of theUnited States Government or any agency thereof.

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ABSTRACT

The Yolo County Department of Planning and Public Works is constructing a full-scalebioreactor landfill as a part of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Project XLprogram to develop innovative approaches for carbon sequestration and greenhouse emissioncontrol. The overall objective is to manage landfill solid waste for rapid waste decompositionand maximum landfill gas generation and capture for carbon sequestration and greenhouseemission control. Waste decomposition is accelerated by improving conditions for either theaerobic or anaerobic biological processes and involves circulating controlled quantities of liquid(leachate, groundwater, gray water, etc.), and, in the aerobic process, large volumes of air.

The first phase of the project entails the construction of a 12-acre module that contains a 6-acreanaerobic cell, a 3.5-acre anaerobic cell, and a 2.5-acre aerobic cell at the Yolo County CentralLandfill near Davis, California. The cells are highly instrumented to monitor bioreactorperformance. Liquid addition has commenced in the 3.5-acre anaerobic cell and the 6-acreanaerobic cell. Construction of the 2.5-acre aerobic cell is nearly complete with only thebiofilter remaining and is scheduled to be complete by the end of August 2003. The currentproject status and preliminary monitoring results are summarized in this report.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSDISCLAIMER

ABSTRACT

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................1

1.1 SUMMARY OF CURRENT PROJECT STATUS ...................................................................................................1

2 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................3

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS PURPOSE......................................................................................42.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FACILITY AND THE OPERATIONS / GEOGRAPHIC AREA .........................................4

3 NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL ...............................................................................................................5

3.1 EXPERIMENTAL ..............................................................................................................................................53.1.1 Construction..........................................................................................................................................5

3.1.1.1 Waste Placement .............................................................................................................................53.1.1.2 Liquid Addition ...............................................................................................................................63.1.1.3 Gas Collection..................................................................................................................................73.1.1.4 Surface Liner ...................................................................................................................................8

3.1.2 Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................93.1.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................103.1.2.2 Moisture .........................................................................................................................................103.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and Quality....................................................................................................113.1.2.4 Pressure..........................................................................................................................................113.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and Flow............................................................................................113.1.2.6 Surface Emissions .........................................................................................................................12

3.1.3 Operation.............................................................................................................................................133.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and Recirculation..........................................................................................133.1.3.2 Landfill Gas Collection .................................................................................................................14

3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................................143.2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................153.2.2 Moisture ..............................................................................................................................................163.2.3 Landfill Gas Collection System ..........................................................................................................173.2.4 Leachate Quantity And Quality ..........................................................................................................193.2.5 Surface Emissions...............................................................................................................................21

4 WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL ................................................................................................................21

4.1 EXPERIMENTAL ............................................................................................................................................224.1.1 Construction........................................................................................................................................22

4.1.1.1 Waste Placement ...........................................................................................................................224.1.1.2 Liquid Addition .............................................................................................................................234.1.1.3 Gas Collection................................................................................................................................244.1.1.4 Surface Liner .................................................................................................................................25

4.1.2 Monitoring ..........................................................................................................................................254.1.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................254.1.2.2 Moisture .........................................................................................................................................264.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and Quality....................................................................................................264.1.2.4 Pressure..........................................................................................................................................264.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and Flow...........................................................................................264.1.2.6 Surface Emissions .........................................................................................................................26

4.1.3 Operation.............................................................................................................................................274.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and Recirculation..........................................................................................274.1.3.2 Landfill Gas Collection .................................................................................................................27

4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................................274.2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................274.2.2 Moisture ..............................................................................................................................................294.2.3 Landfill Gas Collection System ..........................................................................................................30

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4.2.4 Leachate Quantity And Quality ..........................................................................................................314.2.5 Surface Emissions...............................................................................................................................32

5 AEROBIC CELL .............................................................................................................................................33


5.1.1.1 Waste Placement ...........................................................................................................................345.1.1.2 Liquid Addition .............................................................................................................................355.1.1.3 Air Collection ................................................................................................................................365.1.1.4 Surface Liner .................................................................................................................................36

5.1.2 Monitoring ..........................................................................................................................................375.1.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................375.1.2.2 Moisture .........................................................................................................................................385.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and Quality....................................................................................................385.1.2.4 Pressure..........................................................................................................................................395.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and Flow............................................................................................395.1.2.6 Surface Emissions .........................................................................................................................39

5.1.3 Operation.............................................................................................................................................395.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and Recirculation..........................................................................................395.1.3.2 Air Collection ................................................................................................................................40

5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................................415.2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................415.2.2 Moisture ..............................................................................................................................................425.2.3 Landfill Gas Collection.......................................................................................................................435.2.4 Leachate Quantity And Quality ..........................................................................................................445.2.5 Surface Emissions...............................................................................................................................45

6 MODULE 6D BASE LINER...........................................................................................................................46


6.1.1.1 Grading ..........................................................................................................................................466.1.1.2 Base Liner Assembly.....................................................................................................................47

6.1.2 Monitoring ..........................................................................................................................................486.1.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................................................486.1.2.2 Moisture .........................................................................................................................................486.1.2.3 Leachate Collection Trenches ......................................................................................................49

6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................................496.2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................496.2.2 Moisture ..............................................................................................................................................506.2.3 Leachate Collection Trenches ............................................................................................................51

7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................53

8 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................54

APPENDIX A– EPA XL SCHEDULE AND SUMMARY OF MATERIALS INSTALLED ............................55

APPENDIX B– PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION PLANS ...........................................................................65

APPENDIX C – GRAPHS ........................................................................................................................................78

APPENDIX D– GAS LABORATORY CHEMISTRY.........................................................................................122

APPENDIX E– LEACHATE LABORATORY CHEMISTRY...........................................................................126

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 3-1. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LIQUID RECIRCULATION AND ADDITION VOLUMES...................79FIGURE 3-2. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 TEMPERATURE READINGS ...........................................80FIGURE 3-3. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 TEMPERATURE READINGS ...........................................81FIGURE 3-4. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 3 TEMPERATURE READINGS ...........................................82FIGURE 3-5. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL SELECTED TEMPERATURE READINGS.........................................83FIGURE 3-6. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE READINGS..........................................15FIGURE 3-7. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 PVC MOISTURE READINGS..........................................84FIGURE 3-8. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 PVC MOISTURE READINGS..........................................85FIGURE 3-9. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 GYPSUM IN PLASTER MOISTURE READINGS ...............86FIGURE 3-10. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 GYPSUM IN SOIL MOISTURE READINGS ....................87FIGURE 3-11. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 3 PVC MOISTURE READINGS........................................88FIGURE 3-12. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL AVERAGE MOISTURE READINGS ...............................................17FIGURE 3-13. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS CONCENTRATIONS FROM HEADER LINE .........89FIGURE 3-14. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS FLOW RATE ......................................................90FIGURE 3-15. NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL CUMULATIVE METHANE............................................................91FIGURE 3-16. CUMULATIVE METHANE FROM NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL AND ENHANCED CELL ............92FIGURE 3-17. CHANGE IN VOC CONCENTRATIONS IN LFG FROM THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL ........19FIGURE 4-1. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LIQUID RECIRCULATION AND ADDITION VOLUMES ....................93FIGURE 4-2. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 TEMPERATURE READINGS .............................................94FIGURE 4-3. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 TEMPERATURE READINGS .............................................95FIGURE 4-4. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 3 TEMPERATURE READINGS .............................................96FIGURE 4-5. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE READINGS ...........................................28FIGURE 4-6. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 PVC MOISTURE READINGS ...........................................97FIGURE 4-7. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 PVC READINGS..............................................................98FIGURE 4-8. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LAYER 3 PVC MOISTURE READINGS ...........................................99FIGURE 4-9. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL AVERAGE PVC MOISTURE READINGS .........................................30FIGURE 4-10. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS CONCENTRATIONS FROM HEADER LINE ........100FIGURE 4-11. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS FLOW RATE......................................................101FIGURE 4-12. WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL CUMULATIVE METHANE ...........................................................102FIGURE 5-1. AEROBIC CELL BASE LINER TEMPERATURE READINGS..............................................................103FIGURE 5-2. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 0.5 TEMPERATURE READINGS ................................................................104FIGURE 5-3. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 TEMPERATURE READINGS ...................................................................105FIGURE 5-4. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 TEMPERATURE READINGS ...................................................................106FIGURE 5-5. AEROBIC CELL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE READINGS....................................................................42FIGURE 5-6. AEROBIC CELL BASE LINER PVC MOISTURE READINGS ............................................................107FIGURE 5-7. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 0.5 PVC MOISTURE READINGS ..............................................................108FIGURE 5-8. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 1 PVC MOISTURE READINGS .................................................................109FIGURE 5-9. AEROBIC CELL LAYER 2 PVC MOISTURE READINGS .................................................................110FIGURE 5-10. AEROBIC CELL AVERAGE PVC MOISTURE READINGS................................................................43FIGURE 5-11. AEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS CONCENTRATIONS....................................................................111FIGURE 5-12. AEROBIC CELL LANDFILL GAS FLOW RATES ............................................................................112FIGURE 5-13. AEROBIC CELL CUMULATIVE METHANE....................................................................................113FIGURE 6-1. MODULE D BASE LINER TEMPERATURE READINGS (NORTHWEST QUADRANT) .......................114FIGURE 6-2. MODULE D BASE LINER TEMPERATURE READINGS (SOUTHWEST QUADRANT) ........................115FIGURE 6-3. MODULE D BASE LINER TEMPERATURE READINGS (NORTHEAST QUADRANT) ........................116FIGURE 6-4. MODULE D BASE LINER TEMPERATURE READINGS (SOUTHEAST QUADRANT) ........................117FIGURE 6-5. MODULE D BASE LINER AVERAGE TEMPERATURE READINGS .....................................................50FIGURE 6-6. MODULE D BASE LINER PVC MOISTURE READINGS (WEST SIDE QUADRANTS) ......................118FIGURE 6-7. MODULE D BASE LINER PVC MOISTURE READINGS (NORTHEAST QUADRANT) ......................119FIGURE 6-8. MODULE D BASE LINER PVC MOISTURE READINGS (SOUTHEAST QUADRANT) ......................120FIGURE 6-9. MODULE D BASE LINER AVERAGE PVC MOISTURE READINGS ...................................................51FIGURE 6-10. MODULE D BASE LINER PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND ADJACENT TUBES .............................121

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1-1. REVISED PROJECT XL DELIVERY SCHEDULE..................................................................................56TABLE 3-1. SUMMARY OF DATA FOR THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL ........................................................57TABLE 3-2. SUMMARY OF SENSORS FOR THE ANAEROBIC CELLS .......................................................................58TABLE 3-3. SUMMARY OF GAS COLLECTION LINES FOR THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL..........................59TABLE 3-4. TEMPERATURE SUMMARY FOR THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL .............................................15TABLE 3-5. PVC MOISTURE SUMMARY FOR THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL ...........................................16TABLE 3-6. LANDFILL GAS SUMMARY FOR THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL..............................................18TABLE 3-7. ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LANDFILL GAS SAMPLED FROM MODULE D ....................................122TABLE 3-8. FIELD CHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FROM THE NORTHEASTANAEROBIC CELL ................................................................................................................................................127TABLE 3-9. FIELD CHEMISTRY AND SELECTED LABORATORY CHEMISTRY FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FROMTHE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL .....................................................................................................................20TABLE 3-10. SUMMARY OF SURFACE SCANS PERFORMED ON THE NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELL.................21TABLE 4-1. SUMMARY OF DATA FOR THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL .........................................................60TABLE 4-2. SUMMARY OF GAS COLLECTION LINES FOR THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL ..........................61TABLE 4-3. TEMPERATURE SUMMARY FOR THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL...............................................28TABLE 4-4. PVC MOISTURE SUMMARY FOR THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL.............................................29TABLE 4-5. LANDFILL GAS SUMMARY FOR THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL. .............................................31TABLE 4-6. ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FROM THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL ....132TABLE 4-7. FIELD CHEMISTRY AND SELECTED LABORATORY CHEMISTRY FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FROMTHE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL ......................................................................................................................32TABLE 4-8. SUMMARY OF SURFACE SCANS PERFORMED ON THE WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELL ...................33TABLE 5-1. SUMMARY OF DATA FOR THE AEROBIC CELL..................................................................................62TABLE 5-2. SUMMARY OF SENSORS FOR THE AEROBIC CELL ............................................................................63TABLE 5-3. SUMMARY OF AIR COLLECTION LINES FOR THE AEROBIC CELL ...................................................64TABLE 5-4. TEMPERATURE SUMMARY FOR THE AEROBIC CELL ......................................................................42TABLE 5-5. PVC MOISTURE SUMMARY FOR THE AEROBIC CELL .....................................................................43TABLE 5-6. LANDFILL GAS SUMMARY FOR THE AEROBIC CELL .......................................................................44TABLE 5-7. ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FORM THE AEROBIC CELL MANHOLE ..........136TABLE 5-8. FIELD CHEMISTRY AND SELECTED ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LEACHATE SAMPLED FROM THEAEROBIC CELL.......................................................................................................................................................44TABLE 5-9. SUMMARY OF SURFACE SCANS PERFORMED ON THE AEROBIC CELL ............................................45TABLE 6-1. SUMMARY OF SENSORS FOR THE MODULE 6D BASE LINER ............................................................64TABLE 6-2. TEMPERATURE SUMMARY FOR THE BASE LINER ............................................................................50TABLE 6-3. PVC MOISTURE SUMMARY FOR THE BASE LINER...........................................................................51TABLE 6-4. LEACHATE LEVEL SUMMARY FOR THE BASE LINER .......................................................................52

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn 1996, Yolo County began operation of a pilot-scale project to evaluate the costs and benefitsof a relatively new concept in landfill operation, often termed “bioreactor” or “enhanced”landfilling. The basic concept of a bioreactor landfill is to increase the biological activity of thewaste (through the addition of water) to maximize the production of landfill gas for carbonsequestration and greenhouse emission control. The results of this pilot project were favorableand, as a result, Yolo County requested and gained approval from state and federal regulatoryagencies to conduct this full-scale demonstration of bioreactor landfilling.

Because current Federal and California State regulations generally do not allow the addition (orrecirculation) of leachate and other supplemental liquid to a lined landfill module, specialregulatory flexibility was required to conduct this project. Yolo County applied for, and wasgranted the necessary flexibility through the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency XLProgram which stands for "eXcellence and Leadership.” The XL program allows state and localgovernments, businesses and federal facilities to develop with EPA innovative strategies to testbetter or more cost-effective ways of achieving environmental and public health protection.

This report provides an update on Phase 1 of the Yolo County Accelerated Anaerobic andAerobic Composting (Bioreactor) Project where carbon sequestration and greenhouse emission iscontrolled through either the anaerobic or aerobic process. Phase 1 of the project encompasses a12-acre area of a 20-acre landfill module (Unit 6, Module D) at the Yolo County CentralLandfill. Phase 2 of the project has begun with the construction of the primary liner system andinstallation of 12 temperature and moisture sensors. Waste placement in Phase 2 began inNovember 2002.

1.1 Summary of Current Project StatusThe majority of the bioreactor project continues on schedule with the only deviations related tothe aerobic cell’s air collection system. The project schedule is located in Appendix A, Table 1-1 and has been altered since the previous project schedule prepared in April 2003.

The project bioreactors are separated into three landfill cells, two cells will be operatedanaerobically and one aerobically (Detail 1-1). We have designated the three bioreactor cells asthe west-side anaerobic cell, the northeast anaerobic cell, and the southeast aerobic cell. Thisconfiguration allowed the northeast anaerobic cell to be constructed and operated prior tocompletion of the west-side anaerobic cell. By separating the anaerobic bioreactor into twoseparate cells, experiences gained from construction of the northeast cell were incorporated intothe west-side anaerobic cell.

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Detail 1-1. Overview of Module D Bioreactor Cells

The northeast anaerobic cell, the west-side anaerobic cell, and the southeast aerobic cell havebeen filled with waste and instrumentation. A total of 65,104 tons of waste was placed in thenortheast anaerobic, 11,942 tons of waste was placed in the southeast aerobic module, and166,294 tons of waste was placed in the west-side anaerobic cell. The gas collection systemshave been completed in the northeast anaerobic cell, the west-side anaerobic cell, and the aerobiccell. the biofilter remains to be completed for the aerobic cell. The leachate injection system hasbeen completed in the northeast anaerobic cell, west-side anaerobic cell, and the aerobic.

The installation of a reinforced polypropylene (RPP) membrane surface cover over the northeastanaerobic cell was completed in November 2001 and will allow precise quantification of theamount of landfill gas produced by eliminating surface emissions. The aerobic cell received acover of 12-inches of soil overlaid by 12-inches of greenwaste alternative daily cover (ADC).The surface membrane cover for the west-side anaerobic cell is similar to the northeast anaerobiccell, with the exception that 40-mil linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was used instead ofRPP. Surface liner installation for the west-side anaerobic cell was completed in October 2002.

A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system has been installed and willmonitor and control the operation of the bioreactor cells. To date, all instrumentation installed inthe northeast and west-side anaerobic cells, the aerobic cell, and on the Module 6D compositeliner have been connected to a central processor which is radio linked to a computer located inour Woodland office. In March 2002, the SCADA system started to electronically collecttemperature and moisture data from in the northeast anaerobic cell, the aerobic cell, and on theModule 6D composite liner. In January 2003, the SCADA system started to electronically collecttemperature and moisture data from in the west-side anaerobic cell.

Landfill gas collection began in the northeast anaerobic cell in mid-December 2001. Throughthe end of June 2003, a total of 31.6 x 106 scf of methane (which is equivalent to approximately5000 barrels of oil) has been collected and utilized at the on-site gas to energy facility. Landfill

730' W E ST-SID EA N A ER O BIC C ELL

6 A C R ES

3.5 A C R ES

N O R TH EA STA N A ER O BIC C ELL

SO U TH EA STA E R O BIC C ELL

2.5 A C R ES290'

390'

365'

695'

N .T .S.

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gas collection began in the west-side anaerobic cell in May 2002, and through the end of June2003 a total of 9.7 x 106 scf of methane (which is equivalent to approximately 1500 barrels ofoil) has been collected and utilized at the on-site gas to energy facility. Landfill gas was sampledfrom the northeast anaerobic cell and the west-side anaerobic cell submitted for laboratoryanalysis in May 2003. Gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) continues to bemonitored on a weekly basis.

Landfill gas collection from the aerobic cell began on January 13, 2003. Landfill gas from theaerobic cell is currently being collected and sent to the on-site gas to energy facility. Throughthe end of June, a total of 450,909 scf of methane has been collected. Once operation of theaerobic cell commences, the off-gas will be sent to the biofilter for treatment.

Leachate addition to the northeast anaerobic cell began on March 27, 2002. Through the end ofJune 2003, a total of 1,536,438, gallons of supplemental liquid has been added and 597,543gallons of leachate recirculated to the northeast anaerobic cell. Leachate was monitored for fieldchemistry and sampled for laboratory analysis in May 2003.

Leachate addition to the west-side anaerobic cell began on June 5,2003. Through the end of June2003, a total of 1,598,880 gallons of supplemental liquid has been added and 1,600 gallons ofleachate recirculated to the west-side anaerobic cell. Leachate was monitored for field chemistryand sampled for laboratory analysis in May and June 2003.

Monitoring for methane surface emissions has been performed quarterly since April 2002.During this reporting period, a surface scan of was performed on the bioreactor cells in April2003. The highest methane surface emissions detected on the west-side anaerobic cell in April2003 were 126 parts per million (ppm). The high readings for the west-side anaerobic cell aredue to small gaps (less than 1 inch) in the surface liner where piping exits the cell (pipepenetrations). The highest methane surface emissions detected in April 2003 from the northeastanaerobic cell were 6.7 ppm and from the aerobic cell were 3.6 ppm. The surface emissions canbe attributed to wind currents carrying emissions from the west-side anaerobic cell. In order toeliminate emissions from the west-side anaerobic cell, Yolo County will be sealing the pipepenetrations.

2 INTRODUCTIONSanitary landfilling is the dominant method of solid waste disposal in the United States,accounting for about 217 million tons of waste annually (U.S. EPA, 1997). The annualproduction of municipal solid waste in the United States has more than doubled since 1960. Inspite of increasing rates of reuse and recycling, population and economic growth will continue torender landfilling as an important and necessary component of solid waste management.

In a Bioreactor Landfill, controlled quantities of liquid (leachate, groundwater, grey-water, etc.)are added to increase the moisture content of the waste. Leachate is then recirculated asnecessary to maintain the moisture content of the waste at or near it’s moisture holding capacity.This process significantly increases the biodegradation rate of waste and thus decreases the wastestabilization and composting time (5 to 10 years) relative to what would occur within aconventional landfill (30 to 50 years or more). If the waste decomposes (i. E., is composted) inthe absence of oxygen (anaerobically), it produces landfill gas (biogas). Biogas is primarily a

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mixture of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOC’s). This by-product of anaerobic landfill waste composting can be asubstantial renewable energy resource that can be recovered for electricity or other uses. Otherbenefits of a bioreactor landfill composting operation include increased landfill waste settlementand a resulting increase in landfill capacity and life, improved opportunities for treatment ofleachate liquid that may drain from fractions of the waste, possible reduction of landfill post-closure management time and activities, landfill mining, and abatement of greenhouse gasesthrough highly efficient methane capture over a much shorter period of time than is typical ofwaste management through conventional landfilling.

2.1 Description Of The Project And Its PurposeThe County of Yolo Planning and Public Works Department (Yolo County) is operating its next20-acre landfill module near Davis, California as a controlled bioreactor landfill to attain anumber of superior environmental and cost savings benefits. In the first phase of this 20-acreproject, a 12-acre module will be constructed. This 12-acre module contains a 6-acre cell and a3.5-acre cell, which will be operated anaerobically, and a 2.5-acre cell, which will be operatedaerobically. The County began construction the second phase of Module 6D in Fall 2002 and,depending on the results of the first phase of Module 6D, Yolo County may operate the secondphase either anaerobically or aerobically.

Co-sponsors of the project with Yolo County are the Solid Waste Association of North America(SWANA) and Institute for Environmental Management (IEM, Inc.). As part of the EPA ProjectXL, Yolo County requested that U.S. EPA grant site-specific regulatory flexibility from theprohibition in 40 CFR 258.28 Liquid Restrictions, which may preclude addition of useful bulk ornon-containerized liquid amendments. The County intends to use leachate and groundwater firstbut if not enough liquid is available then other supplemental liquids such as gray-water from awaste water treatment plant, septic waste, and food-processing wastes will be used. Liquidwastes such as these, that normally have no beneficial use, may instead beneficially enhance thebiodegradation of solid waste.

Yolo County also requested similar flexibility on liquid amendments from California and localregulatory entities. Several sections of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 27,Environmental Protection, address the recirculation of liquids in lined municipal solid wastelandfills. While the regulations do not specifically endorse bioreactors, regulatory flexibility isprovided by the State of California Title 27, Chapter 3, Subchapter 2, Article 2, section 20200,Part (d)(3), Management of liquids at Landfills and Waste Piles. For additional information onthis regulatory flexibility, see Section IV A of the FPA.

2.2 Description Of The Facility And The Operations / Geographic AreaThe Yolo County Central Landfill (YCCL) is an existing Class III non-hazardous municipalsolid waste landfill. The site encompasses a total of 722 acres and is comprised of 17 distinctClass III solid waste management units and two Class II leachate surface impoundments. TheYCCL is located at the intersection of Road 104 and Road 28H, 2 miles northeast of the City ofDavis. The YCCL was opened in 1975 for the disposal of non-hazardous solid waste,construction debris, and non-hazardous liquid waste. Existing on-site operations include athirteen-year-old landfill methane gas recovery and energy generation facility, a drop-off area forrecyclables, a metal recovery facility, a wood and yard waste recovery and processing area, and aconcrete recycling area.

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There are approximately 28 residences scattered within a 2-mile radius of the landfill. Theclosest residence is located several hundred feet south of the landfill, on the south side of Road29 south of the Willow Slough By-pass.

Groundwater levels at the facility fluctuate between 8 to 10 feet during the year, rising fromlowest in the Fall to highest in the Spring. Water level data indicate that the water table level istypically 4 to 10 feet below ground surface during winter and spring months. During summerand fall months, the water table is typically 5 to 15 feet below ground surface. In January 1989,the County of Yolo constructed a soil/bentonite slurry cutoff wall to retard groundwater flow tothe landfill site from the north. The cutoff wall was constructed along portions of the northernand western boundaries of the site to a maximum depth of 44 feet. The cutoff wall has a totallength of 3,680 feet, 2,880 feet along the north side and 800 feet along the west. In the fall of1990, irrigation practices to the north of the landfill site were altered to minimize the infiltrationof water.

Additionally, sixteen groundwater extraction wells were installed south of the cutoff wall inorder to lower the water table south and east of the wall, to provide vertical separation betweenthe base of the landfill and groundwater.

Prior to placement of the slurry wall and dewatering system, the groundwater flow direction wasgenerally to the southeast. Under current dewatering conditions, the apparent groundwater flowpaths are towards the extraction wells located along the western portion of the northern siteboundary. In essence, a capture zone is created by the cone of depression created by the groundwater extraction system, minimizing the possibility of off-site migration of contamination.

3 NORTHEAST ANAEROBIC CELLThe northeast anaerobic cell occupies approximately 3.5 acres in the northeast quadrant ofPhase 1, Module 6D.

3.1 ExperimentalThe experimental methods utilized are grouped into three categories: construction, monitoring,and operation. Each of these categories is discussed below.

3.1.1 ConstructionConstruction of the northeast anaerobic cell can be generally broken down into four major tasks:waste placement, liquid addition, gas collection, and surface liner installation. Each of these fourtasks is discussed below. A summary of current monitoring data for the northeast anaerobic cellis provided in Appendix A, Table 3-1.

3.1.1.1 Waste PlacementWaste placement began on January 13, 2001 and was completed on August 3, 2001. Waste wasplaced in four separate lifts with an average thickness of 15 feet (Detail 3-1). In general, allwaste received at the landfill was deposited in the northeast cell with the exception of self-haulwaste. Because of the difficulties handling large volumes of self-haul vehicles in the limited areaof the upper lifts, self-haul waste was not placed in lifts 3 and 4. The use of daily cover soilduring waste filling was minimized to aid in the overall permeability of the waste. Whenever

6

possible, greenwaste or tarps were used as alternative daily cover (ADC) and, in the event soilwas placed (for example, access roads or tipping pad), the soil was removed prior to placing thenext lift of waste. All side slopes were constructed at approximately 2.5 to 1 (horizontal tovertical) and received at least one foot of soil cover. Instrumentation Layers 1, 2, and 3 wereplaced between lifts, and base layer instrumentation was installed on the Module 6D base liner.A summary of sensors installed on each layer is provided in Appendix A, Table 3-2.

Detail 3-1. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Cross Section

3.1.1.2 Liquid AdditionHorizontal liquid injection lines were installed in each lift of waste (Image 3-1). Injection lineswithin the waste (between lifts 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4) were placed approximately every 40feet. Injection lines installed on top of lift 4 were installed every 25 feet, with an additionalinjection line following the perimeter of the top deck. Each injection line consists of a1.25-inch-diameter high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe placed horizontally (north to south),which extends completely through the waste. Each injection line was perforated by drilling a3/32-inch hole every 20 feet. A total of 8,130 feet of injection piping was installed with a total of342 injection holes.

Each of the injection laterals is connected to a 4-inch-diameter HDPE injection header.Individual solenoid valves are installed on each leachate injection lateral and connected to theSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system used to monitor the various sensorsand control the operation of the bioreactor. A flow meter monitors the total volume and injectionflow rate for the entire northeast anaerobic cell.

7

3.1.1.3 Gas CollectionHorizontal landfill gas (LFG) collection lines were installed between each lift of waste (Image 3-1) and directly under the reinforced polypropylene (RPP) geomembrane cover. LFG collectionlines consist of various combinations of alternating 4 and 6-inch–diameter, schedule 80polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe (Image 3-2) as well as several variations using corrugated HDPEpipe. A summary of gas collection lines for the northeast anaerobic cell is provided in AppendixA, Table 3-3. At each line, shredded tires were used as the permeable media. The gas collectionlines between layers are spaced approximately 40 feet apart and the lines directly under the RPPmembrane are spaced at 25 feet. A total of sixteen LFG collection lines were installed.

Each LFG collection line is connected to a 6-inch-diameter LFG collection header that conveysthe gas to the on-site LFG-to-energy facility. Each LFG collection line incorporates a pre-manufactured wellhead capable of controlling flow and monitoring flow rate, temperature andpressure.

Image 3-1. Horizontal LFG and leachate injection linesinstalled and being coverd by shredded tires.

3.1.1.4 Surface LinerThe County retained the sercovers for each of the bioresubtasks:

• Research the different density polyethylene, po

• Design of a biofilter to

• Prepare plans and speci

• Provide on-site construc

Vector’s scope of work watie-in of the leachate injecti

I

Image 3-2. Horizontal LFG collection line

8

vices of Vector Engineering (Vector) to design the surface membraneactor cells (Image 3-3). Their scope of work included the following

commercially available membrane materials, including high and lowlyvinyl chloride, and reinforced polypropylene;

treat the off-gas from the aerobic cell;

fication for the installation of the surface liners; and

tion quality assurance for the installation of the surface membrane.

s modified to include preparation of plans and specifications for theon and landfill gas collection piping.

mage 3-3. Northeast anaerobic surface liner

9

Based on Vector and County staff research, it was determined that a 36-mil reinforcedpolypropylene geomembrane (RPP) would be the preferred choice for an exposed geomembranecover1. Reinforced polypropylene offered distinct advantages over the other potential materialsincluding long service life (a 20-year warrantee was obtained), superior strength due to the nylonreinforcement, and low thermal expansion and contraction.

To expedite construction and reduce the overall cost of the project, the County decided todirectly purchase the necessary membrane material and provide it to the contractor forinstallation. On June 29, 2001, the County issued a request for quotes for 350,000 square feet of36-mil RPP. Quotes were received on July 9, 2001 with the lowest priced quote received fromColorado Linings International (Colorado).

The plans and specifications for the installation of the RPP surface liner were issued for bid onJune 15, 2001. Later that month, Addendum Number 1 was issued to include a majority of theleachate injection and gas collection piping. Bids were due on July 13, 2001; however, no bidswere received. The County inquired to each of the plan holders and generally found that bidswere not submitted because the liner companies could not locate a subcontractor to perform theearthwork.

The County reissued the plans and specifications on July 23, 2001 and allowed three separate bidoptions. Option A was the entire project. Option B was only the installation of the liner, andOption C was only the earthwork. Bids were received on August 6, 2001 with the selectedcontractor being Colorado Linings International. Because Colorado’s winning bid wassignificantly higher than the engineer’s estimate and the potential difficulties with excessivepressure buildup under the aerobic liner, the covering of the aerobic cell was eliminated (forfurther discussion refer to Section 5.1).

The installation of surface liner and associated piping was completed in November 2001.

3.1.2 MonitoringTemperature, moisture, leachate quantity and quality, and LFG pressure and composition aremonitored through an array of sensors placed within the waste and in the leachate collection andrecovery system (LCRS). Each sensor location received a temperature sensor (thermistor), alinear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) tube, and a moisture sensor (a PVC moisture sensorand in some cases a gypsum block). For protection, each wire and tube was encased in either a1.25-inch HDPE pipe or run inside the LFG collection piping (Image 3-4). Temperature andmoisture sensors are connected to the SCADA system used to monitor and control the operationof the bioreactor. Refer to Appendix B, Details 3-2 through 3-5 for sensor location diagrams.

1 Vector Engineering, “Design Report for the Surface Liners of the Module D Phase 1 Bioreactors at the YoloCounty Central Landfill”, October 2001.

10

Sensors on instrumentation Layers 1, 2, and 3 were placed on either a bedding of greenwaste(shredded yard waste), wood chips (chipped wood waste), bin fines (fine pieces of greenwaste),or pea gravel to protect against damage from the underlying waste. Sensors installed on theprimary liner (prior to any waste placement) were placed on geocomposite and covered with peagravel prior to the placement of the chipped tire operations layer.

3.1.2.1 TemperatureTemperature is monitored with thermistors manufactured by Quality Thermistor, Inc.Thermistors with a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C were chosen to accommodate thetemperature ranges expected in both the anaerobic and aerobic cells. To prevent corrosion, eachthermistor was encased in epoxy and set in a stainless steel sleeve. All field wiring connectionswere made by first soldering the connection, then covering each solder joint with adhesive linedheat shrink tubing, and then encasing the joint in electrical epoxy. Changes in temperature aremeasured by the change in thermistor resistivity (ohms). As temperature increases, thermistorresistance decreases.

3.1.2.2 MoistureMoisture levels are measured with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) moisture sensors and gypsumblocks. Both the PVC moisture sensors and gypsum blocks are read utilizing the same meter.The PVC sensors are perforated 2-inch-diameter PVC pipes with two stainless steel screwsspaced 8 inches apart and attached to wires to form a circuit that includes the gravel filled pipe.The PVC sensors were designed by Yolo County and used successfully during the pilot scaleproject2. The PVC moisture sensor can provide a general, qualitative assessment of the waste’s

2 Yazdani, R., Moore, R. Dahl. K. and D. Augenstein 1998 Yolo County Controlled Landfill Bioreactor Project.Yolo County Public Works and I E M, Inc. Yolo County Public Works and I E M, Inc. report to the UrbanConsortium Energy Foundation (UUCETF) and the Western Regional Biomass Energy Program, USDOE.

Image 3-4. Moisture, temperature , and tube installation

11

moisture content. A reading of 0 to 40 equates to no free liquid, 40 to 80 equates to some freeliquid, and 80 to 100 means completely saturated conditions.

The gypsum blocks are manufactured by Electronics Unlimited and are typically used for soilmoisture determinations in agricultural applications. Gypsum blocks establish equilibrium withthe media in which they are placed and are, therefore, reliable at tracking increases in the soil’smoisture content. However, the gypsum block can take considerable time to dry and thereforemay not reflect the drying of the surrounding environment.

3.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and QualityLeachate that is generated from the northeast anaerobic cell drains to the eastside Module Dleachate collection sump (Image 3-5). A dedicated pump is then used to remove the leachate andpump it to one of the on-site leachate storage ponds. A flow meter measures rate and totalvolume pumped from the sump.

Leachate is monitored for the following field parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolvedoxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. The following parameters will beanalyzed by a laboratory: dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygendemand, organic carbon, nutrients (NH3, TKN, TP), common ions, heavy metals and organicpriority pollutants. For the first year, monitoring will be conducted monthly during the first sixmonths and quarterly for the following six months. After the first year, monitoring will beconducted semi-annually (pH, conductivity, and flow rate will continue to be monitored on amonthly basis as required by the State of California’s Waste Discharge Requirements in Order 5-00-134).

3.1.2.4 PressurePressure within the northeast anaerobic cell is monitored with ¼-inch inner diameter and 3/8-inchouter diameter LLDPE sampling tubes. Each tube can be attached to a pressure gage andsupplemental air source. By first purging the tube with the air source (to remove any liquidblockages), and then reading the pressure, an accurate gas and/or water pressure can be measuredat each sensor location.

3.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and FlowLandfill gas composition and flow are measured from the pre-manufactured well heads utilizinga GEM-500 combustible gas meter, manufactured by LANDTEC. The GEM-500 is capable ofmeasuring methane (either as a percent by volume or percent of the lower explosive limit),carbon dioxide, and oxygen. A reading for “balance” gas is also provided, which is assumed tobe nitrogen.

12

3.1.2.6 Surface EmissionsUnder current federal guidelines (40 CFR 60.752), landfills exceeding a specific size mustmonitor for methane surface emissions and any reading in excess of 500 PPM (40 CFR 60.755 )requires corrective action to be taken. The Yolo County Central Landfill is not currentlyrequired to test for methane surface emissions, however, as part of the FPA, the County hasproposed to conduct quarterly surface scans to demonstrate the emissions (or lack of) from acontrolled bioreactor landfill.

Surface emissions are typically monitored with a model TVA-1000 FID/Photo IonizationDetector (PID) instrument (Image 3-6). Under the FID setting, the TVA-1000 is capable ofdetecting methane in the parts-per-million (PPM) range and has an accuracy of ± 2.5 PPM or 25percent of the reading, whichever is greater. In the event significant methane was detected, theunit could be switched to PID mode to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC). In March2003, surface emissions were monitored with a model OVA-108 Flame Ionization Detector(FID) instrument. The OVA-108 is capable of detecting methane in the parts-per-million (PPM)range and has an accuracy of ± 20 percent of reading.

Image 3-5. Gravel drainage layer and leachate collection sump

13

3.1.3 OperationOperation of the northeast anaerobic cell as a bioreactor will began March 27, 2002 whensupplemental liquid was first added to the cell.

3.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and RecirculationLeachate addition to the northeast cell began on March 27, 2002 (Image 3-7). Each of thehorizontal liquid injection lines was initially tested by pumping approximately 1000 gallons intothe line to confirm operation and correlate flow versus pressure for each injection lateral.

Image 3-7. Leachate injection header and laterals

Image 3-6. Surface emission monitoring with the TVA 1000.

14

With the initial testing phase complete, full-scale liquid addition has commenced. Once thewaste reaches field capacity, only enough liquid to maintain field capacity will be added.

During August 2002, leachate injection was temporarily halted due to scale buildup in theinjection laterals which was significantly reducing the flow in the injection lines (Image 3-8).On September 11, 2002, approximately 3000 gallons of a citric acid solution (pH approximately4) was added to the injection laterals on the northeast anaerobic cell to dissolve the scale buildup.The citric acid was added to the injection laterals and allowed to set overnight (approximately 14hours). Groundwater was then flushed through the lines to remove the citric acid and scalingresidue.

Liquid injection resumed in the northeast cell on September 24, 2002. Approximately 1,536,438gallons of supplemental liquid has been added and 597,543 gallons of leachate recirculatedthrough the end of June 2003 with 47 percent added to Layer 1, 36 percent added to Layer 2, 16percent added to Layer 3, and 1 percent added to Layer 4 (Appendix C, Figure 3-1).

3.1.3.2 Landfill Gas CollectionLandfill gas collection began December 13, 2001 once the necessary piping was installed at theend of November 2001. Gas collection prior to leachate addition was necessary to prevent“billowing” or excess gas pressure under the surface liner.

3.2 Results And DiscussionSensor names are represented numerically by the instrumentation layer in which the sensor islocated, followed by the assigned sensor number. Layer 1 is represented by a 1, Layer 2 isrepresented by a 2, and so forth. The complete name of the sensor is denoted by the layernumber – the sensor number. For example, the second sensor on Layer 1 is named 1-02.

Image 3-8. Scale buildup on the northeast 3.5-acreleachate injection lines.

15

3.2.1 TemperatureTemperature is monitored with thermistors manufactured by Quality Thermistor, Inc.Thermistors with a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C were chosen so they would be able toaccommodate the temperature ranges expected in both the anaerobic and aerobic cells.Resistance was measured by the SCADA system located in the instrumentation shed starting inMarch 2002. Resistance was previously measured manually by connecting the sensor wires to a26 III Multimeter manufactured by Fluke Corporation.

Temperature results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 3-2 to 3-4. Sensors show fluctuationsin temperatures that correspond to the onset of leachate injection line testing and subsequent full-scale liquid addition. Representative sensors that demonstrate the cooling trend during liquidinjection and subsequent warming trend following liquid injection are provided in Appendix C,Figure 3-5. A summary of the results is presented below in Table 3-4 and Figure 3-6.

Table 3-4. Temperature Summary for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

Previous Reporting Period(1/1/03 to3/31/03)

Current Reporting Period(4/1/03 to 6/30/03)

Layer MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

1 29.5 55.1 40.3 29.6 49.4 39.82 38.3 57.1 47.7 43.4 53.1 48.33 7.6 67.6 43.1 20.9 66.7 40.8

Figure 3-6. Average Temperatures for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

May-01 Aug-01 Oct-01 Jan-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 May-03 Jul-03Date

Tem

pera

ture

(Cel

cius

)

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172Te

mpe

ratu

re (F

ahre

nhei

t)

Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

12/13/01Started Landfill Gas Collection in the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

3/27/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing

6/13/02Began Full Scale Leachate Addition

16

3.2.2 MoistureThe SCADA system started electronically measuring moisture in March 2002. Moisture waspreviously measured manually with a Model MM 4 moisture meter manufactured by ElectronicsUnlimited. During the pilot scale project, Yolo County conducted laboratory tests with the PVCsensors to determine the relationship between the multimeter readings and the presence of freeliquid in the PVC sensor. It was determined that a meter reading of less than 40 corresponded toan absence of free liquid. A reading between 40 and 80 corresponds to the presence of freeliquid in the PVC pipe but less than saturated conditions. Readings of greater than 80 indicatesaturated conditions; i.e. the PVC sensor is full of liquid.

Moisture results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 3-7 to 3-11. Since the start of full-scaleliquid addition in June 2002, the average moisture levels in Layer 1 and Layer 3 have increasedto moisture levels in the some free liquid zone. .Moisture levels in Layer 2 have also increasedsince the start of liquid addition with average moisture levels in the some free liquid zone and thecompletely saturated zone. A summary of the results is presented below in Table 3-5 and Figure3-12.

Table 3-5. PVC Moisture Summary for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell



Layer MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

1 6.0 94.8 71.5 5.5 94.8 70.52 5.4 94.8 82.4 5.3 94.8 85.73 4.9 94.8 39.8 6.6 94.8 74.5

17

Figure 3-12. Average Moisture Levels for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

3.2.3 Landfill Gas Collection SystemGas composition is measured from the wellheads located on top of the northeast anaerobic cellwith the GEM-500. Gas flow is measured by differential pressures at the well heads with aDWYER Instruments, Inc., “Magnehelic” pressure gage. A thermal mass flow meter installed inthe main header pipeline near the instrumentation shed records flow rate and total for all of thenortheast cell. The meter is equipped with two separate calibration curves (for different gasconstituent concentrations) and automatically corrects for temperature and pressure and recordsin standard cubic feet.

Gas collection lines are represented numerically by the layer the line is located, followed by a“G” and the number that denotes the line on a specific layer. For example, the first gascollection line on layer 3 is denoted 3-G1.

Landfill gas results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 3-13 to 3-16. Methane concentrationsfrom the wellheads fluctuate based on the applied vacuum, barometric pressure, and the status ofwaste decomposition. In June 2002, the increase in oxygen and balance concentrations and thedecline in methane and carbon dioxide concentrations can be attributed to the increase in vacuumapplied to the gas collection system. In order to reduce landfill gas emissions while drilling forwaste samples, the vacuum applied to the gas extraction system was increased resulting in airintrusion into the northeast anaerobic cell. Subsequently, a leak in the gas collection header linewas discovered resulting in air intrusion into the gas collection system. Due to mechanicalproblems at the gas to energy facility, gas flow rates fluctuated and dropped in May 2003 to 88

0

20

40

60

80

100

May-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Apr-02 Aug-02 Nov-02 Mar-03 Jun-03Date

Moi

stur

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

Layer 1 PVC Moisture Sensors Layer 2 PVC Moisture SensorsLayer 2 Gypsum in Plaster Moisture Sensors Layer 2 Gypsum in Soil Moisture SensorsLayer 3 PVC Moisture Sensors

Completely Saturated

Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid



Moi

stur

e Zo

nes

for P

VC M

oist

ure

Sens

ors


18

standard cubic feet per minute (scfm) and in June 2003 to 74 scfm and 34 scfm. A summary ofthe results is presented below in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6. Landfill Gas Summary for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

Parameter ResultsCumulative Methane fromDecember 16, 2001 to June 30, 2003

31.6 x 106 standard cubic feet (scf)(which is equivalent to approximately 5000barrels of oil)Minimum Maximum AverageLFG Flow Rate for the period of

April 1, 2003 through June 30, 2003 39.3 scf 196.6 scf 153.6 scfMinimum Maximum AverageMethane Concentration for the period of

April 1, 2003 through June 30, 2003 37.3 % 50.3 % 44.4 %

Landfill gas from the northeast cell was sampled in May 2003 and sent to an independentlaboratory for analytical testing. Analytical results are presented in Appendix D, Table 3-7.Results show a general decline in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since March 2002 aspresented below in Figure 3-17.The decline in VOCs includes the decline in chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) which are major contributors to ozone depletion.3,4 The decline in CFCs includes a dropin constituents such as trichlorofluoromethane by 100 percent and dichlorodifluoromethane by91 percent from March 2002 to May 2003. Other VOC’s that have declined include severalhazardous air pollutants listed by the Environmental Protection Agency that include methylenechloride and aromatic carbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene5.

3 Cooper, c>, Alley, F., “Air Pollution Control, A Design Approach,” Waveland Press, Inc. 19944 U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page List of CFCs. 17 July 2003. U.S. EPA. 22 July 2003<http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html>5U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. 19 February 2003. U.S. EPA. 22 July 2003<http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/orig189.html>

19

Figure 3-17. Change in VOC Concentrations since March 2002.

3.2.4 Leachate Quantity And QualityAfter July 24, 2002, all leachate generated was recirculated back to the northeast anaerobic cellwith the exception of 35,460 gallons of leachate removed during injection line cleaning betweenSeptember 24, 2002 and October 4, 2002. Approximately 1,536,438 gallons of supplementalliquid has been added and 597,543 gallons of leachate has been recirculated to the northeastanaerobic cell since June 2002 (Appendix C, Figure 3-1).

Leachate was sampled for analytical testing on a monthly basis from May 2002 to October 2002and thereafter was sampled on a quarterly basis. Analytical results are presented in Appendix E,Table 3-8. Field chemistry and selected analytical results are presented below in Table 3-9.

-50,000

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

Dichlorodifluorm

ethane1,2-D

ichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

Vinyl Chloride

Chloroethane

Trichlorofluoromethane

AcetoneM

ethylene Chloride

1,1-Dichloroethane

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

2-Butanone (MEK)

BenzeneTrichloroethene4-M

ethyl-2-Pentanone (MIBK)

TolueneTetrachloroetheneEthylbenzeneTotal XylenesStyrene4-Ethyltoluene1,3,5-Trim

ethylbenzene1,2,4-Trim

ethylbenzene1,4-D

ichlorobenzene

Gas Parameter

Cha

nge

in C

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

)

5/29/200212/5/20023/18/20035/27/2003

20

Table 3-9. Field Chemistry and Selected Laboratory Chemistry for Leachate Sampledfrom the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

PARAMETER Date: 2/14/2002 5/14/2002 6/20/2002 7/23/2002 9/26/2002 10/17/2002 2/26/2003 5/27/2003Field Parameters: UnitspH 7.13 7.40 7.60 7.44 7.47 7.35 8.16 7.02Electrical Conductivity µS 6583 6095 4054 11510 12440 10230 9351 11990Oxidation ReductionPotential

mV -119 80 94 -7 -35 -25 160 17

Temperature C 19.9 25.9 26.5 30.5 28.4 26.0 23.5 33.3Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 0.65 1.4 2.04 0.33 3.66 2.96 6 2.80Total Dissolved Solids ppm 5244 4059 3062 9740 10770 8640 7850 9978General Chemistry:Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1740 1760 1110 3740 3960 4010 2680 3280Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1740 1760 1110 3740 3960 4010 2680 3280BOD mg O/L 20 19 10 200 1400 3000 44 85Chemical OxygenDemand

mg O/L 633 791 196 1620 2830 1810 120 1590

Chloride mg/L 1070 1030 617 1950 1870 1380 1470 1670Ammonia as N mg/L 30 26.3 13.5 131 255 289 132 207Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L <0.03 <1.5 <0.015 0.061 1.4 <0.009 17.3 13Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 53.1 40 21.8 201 326 358 222 320Total Dissolved Solids@ 180 C

mg/L 4440 3700 2500 7800 8000 6680 5720 7700

Total (Non-Volatile)Organic Carbon

mg/L 202 123 68.8 544 943 588 325 490

Total Sulfide mg/L 1.3 1.3 0.74 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.034 (tr) 0.020 (tr)Dissolved Iron mg/L 1.1 0.39 0.19 2.9* 3.9 4 2.5 2.8Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 323 262 NA 535 480 437 359 265Dissolved Potassium mg/L 152 133 NA 215 319 348 371 372

Analytical results from the February and May 2003 sampling events indicate a dramatic decreasein BOD and increase in nitrate. Follow-up monitoring will be performed to confirm thesereadings and a split sample will be taken in July 2003 to eliminate laboratory error.

Results generally indicate a decline in VOC’s which include chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons(CAHs) commonly found in contaminated ground water. The decline in CAHs include suchcompounds as tetrachloroethene (PCE), and trichloroethene (TCE)6. Additionally, cis-1,2,dichloroethene (1,2-DCE ), which is a daughter product derived from the transformation ofthe PCE and TCE, has also shown an overall decline since March 2002. Over time, 1,2-DCE isexpected to continue to decline and vinyl chloride (a product of 1,2-DCE) increase as thetransformation of the parent compound PCE is completed. Other aliphatic halogenatedcompounds that contribute to ground water contamination have declined and include severalaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene.

6 Norris et al, “Handbook of Bioremediation,”Lewis Publishers, 1993.

21

3.2.5 Surface EmissionsMethane surface concentrations are monitored along the perimeter of the collection area andalong a pattern that transverses the landfill at 15 meter intervals. Due to high winds andinclement weather, the surface scan scheduled for December 2002 was postponed until January2003. A summary of the surface scans performed on the northeast anaerobic cell is presentedbelow in Table 3-10.

Table 3-10. Summary of Surface Scans Performed on the Northeast Anaerobic Cell withSynthetic Surface Cover System

SurfaceScan No.

Date Max. Emissions Detected Location of Max. Emissions

1 April 3, 2002 No fugitive emissions detected Not Applicable2 June 6, 2002 9 ppm Southwest corner of the cell3 September 19, 2002 8 ppm Northwest corner of the cell4 January 7, 2003 No fugitive emissions detected Center north face of the cell5 March 19, 2003 5 to 10 ppm Along the entire northern

perimeter of the cell.6 April 15, 2003 6.7 ppm At one location on the west

face, approximately 15 metersfrom the western perimeterand 43 meters from thesouthern perimeter.

The detection of surface emissions is most likely due to landfill operations in nearby areas. Whilebackground concentrations were monitored prior to conducting the surface scan (and in some casesfollowing the surface scan), changes in wind currents could have transported methane from adjacentareas. During June 2002 and September 2002, grading and waste filling activities in the adjacentwest-side 6-acre area could have promoted the detection of gas emissions in the northeast 3.5-acrecell. Additionally, activities from Module D Phase II construction (which involved exposing wastefrom an adjacent unit to facilitate base liner installation) could have promoted the detection of gasemissions during the September 2002 surface scan. The surface emissions in March and April2003 may be due to wind current from the northwest and southwest carrying emissions from thewest-side anaerobic cell. Higher emissions have been measured in the west-side anaerobic cell dueto leakage around the horizontal pipes penetrating in the surface liner.

As presented in the table above, methane surface emissions from the northeast 3.5-acre cell areextremely low, and essentially negligible. There are two major items that are responsible for thiseffective control of surface emissions, they are: 1) The installation of a synthetic cover over theentire cell, and 2) The use of an active landfill gas extraction system. The synthetic membrane notonly limits gas transfer from the surface of the cell, it allows the active gas collection system to beoperated at higher vacuum rates (without drawing in excess oxygen) thus further limiting thepossibility if surface emissions.

4 WEST-SIDE ANAEROBIC CELLThe west-side anaerobic cell is located on the western 6 acres of Phase 1, Module D. Filling inthe west-side anaerobic cell was complete in August 2002 with a total of 166,294 tons of wasteplaced.


4.1.1 ConstructionConstruction of the west-side anaerobic cell can be generally broken down into four major tasks:waste placement, liquid addition, gas collection, and surface liner installation. Each of these fourtasks is discussed below. A summary of current monitoring data for the west-side anaerobic cellis provided in Appendix A, Table 4-1.

4.1.1.1 Waste PlacementWaste placement began on March 8, 2001 and was completed on August 31, 2002. Waste wasplaced in four lifts of approximately 15-foot thickness with 2.5:1 side slopes on interior slopesand 3:1 on exterior slopes (Detail 4-1, Image 4-1). All waste received at the landfill wasdeposited in the west-side cell (i.e. no class of waste was excluded). The use of daily cover soilduring waste filling was minimized to aid in the overall permeability of the waste. Wheneverpossible, greenwaste or tarps were used as alternative daily cover (ADC) and, in the event soilwas placed (for example, access roads or tipping pad), the soil was removed prior to placing thenext lift of waste. Instrumentation Layers 1, 2, and 3 were placed between lifts, and base layerinstrumentation was installed on the Module 6D base liner.

Detail 4-1. Cross Section of West-Side Anaerobic Cell

22

23

4.1.1.2 Liquid AdditionHorizontal liquid injection lines were installed between lifts 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 approximatelyevery 40 feet. In addition, three injection lines were installed on top of lift 4, spaced every 25feet. Each injection line consists of a 1.25-inch-diameter high-density polyethylene (HDPE)pipe placed horizontally (east to west), which extends completely through the waste. Eachinjection line was perforated by drilling a 1/8 or 3/32-inch hole every 10 or 20 feet (depending onwhich line). A total of 7,185 feet of injection piping was installed with a total of 321 injectionholes.

Each of the injection laterals is connected to a 4-inch-diameter HDPE injection header. Leachateinjection for each lateral is manually controlled and monitored by individual valves and flowmeters (Image 4-2). A flow meter will monitor the total volume and injection flow rate for theentire northeast anaerobic cell.

Image 4-1. Waste placement in the west-side cell

24

4.1.1.3 Gas CollectionHorizontal landfill gas (LFG) collection lines were installed between lifts 2 and 3, and 3 and 4,and on top of lift 4. The LFG collection lines consist of various combinations of alternating 4 and6-inch diameter schedule 80 and schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe as well as severalvariations of corrugated metal pipe and electrical conduit. At each line, shredded tires were usedas the permeable media. A total of eighteen LFG collection lines were installed. A summary ofgas collection lines for the northeast anaerobic cell is provided in Appendix A, Table 4-2.

Each LFG collection line is connected to a 6-inch or 8-inch diameter LFG collection header thatconveys the gas to the on-site LFG-to-energy facility (Image 4-3). Each LFG collection lineincorporates a valve capable of controlling flow and a port for monitoring gas composition,temperature, pressure, and flow rate.

Image 4-2. Installation of valve and flow meter assembly onleachate injection lines

Image 4-3. LFG collection laterals connected to the mainheader line located on top the cell.

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4.1.1.4 Surface LinerVector was retained to provide design, plans and specifications for a surface lining system (referto section 3.1.1.4). In contrast to the northeast anaerobic cell, which utilized a reinforcedpolypropylene membrane (RPP), a 40-mil linear low-density (LLDPE) geomembrane materialwas selected because it offered a greatly reduced cost. The installation of the surface liner wascompleted in October 2002 (Image 4-4).

4.1.2 MonitoringTemperature, moisture, leachate quantity and quality, and LFG pressure and composition aremonitored through an array of sensors placed within the waste and in the leachate collection andrecovery system (LCRS). Each sensor location received a temperature sensor (thermistor), alinear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) tube, and a moisture sensor (a PVC moisture sensorand in some cases a gypsum block). For protection, each wire and tube was encased in either a1.25-inch HDPE pipe or run inside the LFG collection piping. Temperature and moisture sensorsare connected to the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system used formonitoring and controlling the operation of the bioreactor. Refer to Appendix B, Details 4-2through 4-4 for sensor location diagrams.

4.1.2.1 TemperatureTemperature is monitored with thermistors manufactured by Quality Thermistor, Inc.Thermistors with a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C were chosen to accommodate thetemperature ranges expected in both the anaerobic and aerobic cells. To prevent corrosion, eachthermistor was encased in epoxy and set in a stainless steel sleeve. All field wiring connectionswere made by first soldering the connection, then covering each solder joint with adhesive-linedheat shrink tubing, and then encasing the joint in electrical epoxy. Changes in temperature aremeasured by the change in thermistor resistivity (ohms). As temperature increases, thermistorresistance decreases.

Image 4-4. West-side anaerobic cell surface liner.

26

4.1.2.2 MoistureMoisture levels are measured with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) moisture sensors and gypsumblocks. Both the PVC moisture sensors and gypsum blocks are read utilizing the same meter.The PVC sensors are perforated 2-inch-diameter PVC pipes with two stainless steel screwsspaced 8 inches apart and attached to wires to form a circuit that includes the gravel filled pipe.The PVC sensors were designed by Yolo County and used successfully during the pilot scaleproject. The PVC moisture sensor can provide a general, qualitative assessment of the waste’smoisture content. A reading of 0 to 40 equates to no free liquid, 40 to 80 equates to some freeliquid, and 80 to 100 means completely saturated conditions.

4.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and QualityLeachate that is generated from the west-side anaerobic cell drains to the west-side Module Dleachate collection sump. A dedicated pump is then used to remove the leachate and pump it toone of the on-site leachate storage ponds. A flow meter measures rate and total volume pumpedfrom the sump.

Leachate is monitored for the following field parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolvedoxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. When leachate is generated in sufficientquantities, the following parameters will be analyzed by a laboratory: dissolved solids,biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, organic carbon, nutrients (NH3, TKN,TP), common ions, heavy metals and organic priority pollutants. For the first year of liquidinjection, monitoring will be conducted monthly for the first six months and quarterly for thefollowing six months. After the first year, monitoring will be conducted semi-annually (pH,conductivity, and flow rate will continue to be monitored on a monthly basis as required by theState of California’s Waste Discharge Requirements in Order 5-00-134).

4.1.2.4 PressurePressure within the northeast anaerobic cell is monitored with ¼-inch inner diameter and 3/8-inchouter diameter LLDPE sampling tubes. Each tube can be attached to a pressure gage andsupplemental air source. By first purging the tube with the air source (to remove any liquidblockages) and then reading the pressure, an accurate gas and/or water pressure can be measuredat each sensor location.

4.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and FlowLandfill gas composition and flow are measured from the well heads utilizing a GEM-500combustible gas meter, manufactured by LANDTEC, in combination with a 1/8-inch diameterpitot tube, manufactured by DWYER Instruments, Inc.. The GEM-500 is capable of measuringmethane (either as a percent by volume or percent of the lower explosive limit), carbon dioxide,and oxygen. A reading for “balance” gas is also provided, which is assumed to be nitrogen.Currently, gas composition is analyzed from the same sampling tubes used to measure pressure.

4.1.2.6 Surface EmissionsUnder current federal guidelines (40 CFR 60.752), landfills exceeding a specific size mustmonitor for methane surface emissions and any reading in excess of 500 PPM (40 CFR 60.755(c)) requires corrective action to be taken. The Yolo County Central Landfill is not currentlyrequired to test for methane surface emissions, however, as part of the FPA, the County hasproposed to conduct quarterly surface scans to demonstrate the emissions (or lack of) from acontrolled bioreactor landfill.

27

Surface emissions are typically monitored with a model TVA-1000 FID/Photo IonizationDetector (PID) instrument. Under the FID setting, the TVA-1000 is capable of detecting methanein the parts-per-million (PPM) range and has an accuracy of ± 2.5 PPM or 25 percent of thereading, whichever is greater. In the event significant methane was detected, the unit could beswitched to PID mode to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC). In March 2003, surfaceemissions were monitored with a model OVA-108 Flame Ionization Detector (FID) instrument.The OVA-108 is capable of detecting methane in the parts-per-million (PPM) range and has anaccuracy of ± 20 percent of reading.

4.1.3 OperationOperation of the west-side anaerobic began once the leachate recirculation system wascompleted in June 2003.

4.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and RecirculationPrior to the start of leachate addition, the west-side anaerobic cell leachate injection header lineand laterals on the west 6-acre cell were flushed with groundwater to any residue or debris fromconstruction activities (Image 4-5).

Full-scale leachate addition began on June 5, 2003. Through June 30, 2003, a total of 1,598,880gallons of supplemental liquid was added and 1,600 gallons of leachate recirculated into Layers3 and 4 of the west 6-acre area (Appendix C, Figure 4-1). On June 23, 2003, leachate injectionon Layer 3 was stopped after approximately 508,750 gallons of liquid had been injected due toall of Layer 3 gas collection lines becoming blocked due to liquid build-up. Leachate injection onLayer 3 will resume once the liquid levels decline and the gas collection lines are againoperational. Once liquid injection resumes, large volumes of liquid will be added to bring thewaste to field capacity. Liquid injection will continue until the waste reaches field capacity.

4.1.3.2 Landfill Gas CollectionLandfill gas collection began May 7, 2002 from the leachate collection and removal system(LCRS). Gas collection from waste in the west-side anaerobic cell began on March 13, 2003.

4.2 Results And DiscussionSensor names are represented numerically by the instrumentation layer in which the sensor islocated and by the assigned sensor number for that layer. Layer 1 is represented by a 1, Layer 2is represented by a 2, and so forth. The complete name of the sensor is denoted by the layernumber – the sensor number. For example, the second sensor on Layer 1 is named 1-02.

4.2.1 TemperatureTemperature is monitored with thermistors manufactured by Quality Thermistor, Inc.Thermistors with a temperature range of 0°C to 100°C were chosen so they would be able toaccommodate the temperature ranges expected in both the anaerobic and aerobic cells.Resistance was measured by the SCADA system located in the instrumentation shed starting inJanuary 2003. Resistance was previously measured manually by connecting the sensor wires to a26 III Multimeter manufactured by Fluke Corporation.

Temperature results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 4-2 to 4-4. Since the start of liquidaddition in June 2003, the average temperature on Layer 3 has dropped approximately 10

28

degrees Celsius. Recent data indicates that the average temperature in Layer 2 has started todecline slightly. Liquid addition has not commenced on Layer 1 and average temperatures havestarted to increase. A summary of the results is presented below in Table 4-3 and Figure 4-5.

Table 4-3. Temperature Summary for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

Previous Reporting Period(01/01/03 to 03/31/03)



MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

1 37.7 42.8 40.7 37.6 44.2 41.22 27.8 49.9 43.5 8.6 49.3 43.53 42.8 54.8 47.4 24.1 52.5 44.2

Figure 4-5. Average Temperatures for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

May-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Mar-03 May-03 Jul-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

29

4.2.2 MoistureThe SCADA system started electronically measuring moisture in January 2003. Moisture waspreviously measured manually with a Model MM 4 moisture meter manufactured by ElectronicsUnlimited. Moisture data are unitless numbers that give a qualitative assessment rather than aquantitative measure. During the pilot scale project, Yolo County conducted laboratory testswith the PVC sensors to determine the relationship between the multimeter readings and thepresence of free liquid in the PVC sensor. It was determined that a meter reading of less than 40corresponded to an absence of free liquid. A reading between 40 and 80 corresponds to thepresence of free liquid in the PVC pipe but less than saturated conditions. Readings of greaterthan 80 indicate saturated conditions; i.e. the PVC sensor is full of liquid.

Moisture results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 4-6 to 4-8. Due to the start of liquidaddition in June 2003, the average moisture levels in Layer 3 increased from the some free liquidzone to the completely saturated zone and the average moisture levels in Layer 2 steadilyincreased while remaining in the some free liquid zone. Since liquid addition has notcommenced in Layer 1, moisture levels in Layer 1 have not started to increase. A summary ofthe results is presented below in Table 4-4 and Figure 4-9.

Table 4-4. PVC Moisture Summary for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell




MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

1 38.2 39.9 55.1 38.2 39.9 57.32 2.7 94.8 75.5 2.9 94.8 76.73 4.5 88.2 51.3 4.4 94.8 57.0

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Figure 4-9. Average Moisture Levels for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

4.2.3 Landfill Gas Collection SystemGas composition is measured from the base layer and the wellheads located on top of the west-side anaerobic cell with the GEM-500. Gas flow is measured by differential pressures utilizing a1/8-inch diameter pitot tube by DWYER Instruments, Inc., in combination with the GEM-500.A thermal mass flow meter was installed in the main header pipeline on June 24, 2003 to recordflow rate and total flow for west-side anaerobic cell.

Landfill gas results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 4-10 to 4-12. Methane concentrationsfrom the wellhead fluctuate based on the applied vacuum, barometric pressure, and the status ofwaste decomposition. After surface liner installation in October 2002, the collection rate oflandfill gas drastically increased. Additionally, methane and carbon dioxide concentrationsincreased while and oxygen and balance concentrations decreased. In April 2003, additional gaswells were opened resulting in increased methane and carbon dioxide levels and decrease inoxygen and balance gas levels. Fluctuations in landfill gas flow rates in May and June 2003 aredue to mechanical problems at the on-site gas to energy facility. A summary of the results ispresented below in Table 4-5.

0

20

40

60

80

100

May-02 Aug-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 Jun-03Date

Moi

stur

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

Moi

stur

e Zo

nes

for P

VC M

oist

ure

Sens

ors

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Table 4-5. Landfill Gas Summary for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell.

Parameter ResultsCumulative Methane fromMay 7, 2002 to June 30, 2003

9.7 x 106 standard cubic feet (scf)(which is equivalent to approximately 1500barrels of oil)Minimum Maximum AverageLFG Flow Rate for the period of

April 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003 38 scf 108 scf 75 scfMinimum Maximum AverageMethane Concentration for the period of

April 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003 26.2 % 43.1 % 36.1 %

Landfill gas was sampled from the west-side anaerobic cell in May 2003 and sent to anindependent laboratory for analytical testing. Analytical results are presented in Appendix D.Analytical results show a decline in several chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are majorcontributors to ozone depletion3, 4. The decline in CFCs includes a drop in constituents such astrichlorofluoromethane by 84 percent and dichlorodifluoromethane by 95 percent from May2002 to May 2003. Other VOC’s that have declined include several hazardous air pollutantslisted by the Environmental Protection Agency that include methylene chloride and vinylchloride5. Landfill gas will be sampled on a quarterly basis since liquid addition has commencedin the west-side anaerobic cell.

4.2.4 Leachate Quantity And QualityFull-scale leachate addition began on June 5, 2003 and all leachate generated after this date wasrecirculated back into the west-side anaerobic cell. To date approximately 1,598,880 gallons ofsupplemental liquid was added and 1,600 gallons of leachate recirculated into Layers 3 and 4 ofthe west 6-acre area (Appendix C, Figure 4-1).

Leachate was last sampled in February 2003 for analytical testing. Analytical results arepresented in Appendix E, Table 4-6. Field chemistry and selected analytical results are presentedbelow in Table 4-7. Analytical results show a recent decline in several VOC’s including groundwater contaminants toluene6, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE)7, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK)8. Results also indicate a general decline in dissolved metals since February 2002.

3 Cooper, C., Alley, F., “Air Pollution Control, A Design Approach,” Waveland Press, Inc. 19944 U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page List of CFCs. 17 July 2003. U.S. EPA. 22 July 2003<http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html>5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. 19 February 2003. U.S. EPA. 22 July 2003<http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/orig189.html>6 Norris et al, “Handbook of Bioremediation,”Lewis Publishers, 19937 MTBE Water Contamination. Lewis Saul and Associates, <http://www.mtbecontamination.com/>8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. September 1994. U.S. EPA. 22 July 2003<http://www.epa.gov/opptinir/chemfact/f_mibk.txtl>

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Table 4-7. Field Chemistry and Selected Laboratory Chemistry for Leachate Sampledfrom the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

PARAMETER DATE: 2/14/2002 5/14/2002 6/20/2002 7/23/2002 8/13/2002 2/26/2003 5/29/2003 6/26/2003

Field Parameters:Units

pH 6.74 6.8 6.72 6.85 6.71 6.87 6.72 6.66Electrical Conductivity µS 3530 3851 3944 3899 3810 2320 2687 3056Oxidation ReductionPotential

mV -62 -46 -19 -38 -36 -56 -33 -75

Temperature C 24.9 26.2 25.2 25.7 26.9 22.1 29.3 30.4Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 3.15 1.54 1.31 3.62 2.6 3.18 1.06 1.55Total Dissolved Solids ppm 2617 2871 2960 2965 2908 1703 1933 2227General Chemistry:Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1700 1780 1730 1710 1680 1000 1070 1210Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1700 1780 1730 1710 1680 1000 1070 1210BOD mg O/L 28 12 12 7.9 12 16 11 <6.0Chemical OxygenDemand

mg O/L 350 300 274 270 262 98.1 82.5 102

Chloride mg/L 187 333 358 341 366 196 263 345Ammonia as N mg/L 20.3 23.5 21.2 23.8 25 9.5 10.3 13.7Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L 0.016(tr) <1.5 <0.03 <0.015 <0.015 0.022 (tr) <0.18 <0.09Total KjeldahlNitrogen

mg/L 32.6 31.1 31.5 31.4 31 13.8 15.7 19.1

Total Dissolved Solids@ 180 C

mg/L 2220 2320 2410 2310 2280 1320 1480 1700


mg/L 112 85.2 86.5 82.7 78.1 28.3 25.5 37.9

Total Sulfide mg/L 0.033(tr) <0.014 <0.014 0.023 (tr) <0.014 <0.0093 <0.0093 <0.0093Dissolved Iron mg/L 0.4 0.035(tr)* 1.9 0.59 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.064 (tr)Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 198 343 NA 217 185 123 143 162Dissolved Potassium mg/L 55.2 58.6 NA 37.8 32.5 23.7 20.1 23.8

4.2.5 Surface EmissionsMethane surface concentrations are monitored along the perimeter of the collection area andalong a pattern that transverses the landfill at 15 meter intervals. Due to high winds andinclement weather, the surface scan scheduled for December 2002 was postponed until January2003. A summary of the surface scans performed on the west-side anaerobic cell is presentedbelow in Table 4-8.

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Table 4-8. Summary of Surface Scans Performed on the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

SurfaceScan No.

Date Max. EmissionsDetected

Location of Max. Emissions

1 April 3, 2002 50 ppm Southwest corner of the cell2 June 6, 2002 37 ppm On top the cell, along the access road leading

to the active waste placement area3 September 19, 2002 124 ppm Southwest corner of the cell. This area was

rescanned and surface concentrationsdecreased to approximately 10 ppm.

4 January 8, 2003 30 ppm Along the northern perimeter near pipingfrom the leachate collection and removalsystem (LCRS).

5 March 19, 2003 85 ppm Detected at three locations: (1) The northernperimeter of the cell near the LCRS piping,(2) the north face of the cell directly south ofthe perimeter and approximately 15 merterseast of the LCRS piping, and (3) directlysouth of the top deck hinge point andapproximately 15 meters west of thecenterline of the cell.

6 April 15, 2003 126 ppm Detected at one location on the east face ofthe cell, approximately 75 meters from thesouth toe and 30 meters from the easternperimeter of the cell.

Because the west-side cell was still undergoing active waste placement and a membrane coverhad not been installed prior to the April 2002, June 2002 and September 2002 surface scans,greater methane emissions were detected from the west-side cell than from the northeastanaerobic cell. The detection of high surface emissions in March 2003 is due to unsealed areas(less than 1 inch) where piping penetrates the surface liner. During the April 2003 surface scan,lower emissions were detected in the areas that emitted high emissions in the March 2003surface scan. The emissions detected in these areas were as follows: between 0 and 17 ppm weredetected in location (1) on the northern perimeter of the cell near the LCRS piping, between 0and 12 ppm near location (2) on the north face of the cell south of the LCRS piping, and between0 and 79 ppm near location (3) on center of the top deck’s northern hinge point. Higheremissions were detected in April on the east face of the cell near an unsealed area where pipingpenetrates the surface liner. Yolo County plans to repair the unsealed areas to prevent furthersurface emissions.

5 AEROBIC CELLThe aerobic cell occupies approximately 2.5 acres in the southeast quadrant of Phase 1,Module 6D.


34

5.1.1 ConstructionConstruction of the aerobic cell can be generally broken down into five major tasks: wasteplacement, liquid addition, gas collection, air injection and surface liner installation. Each of thefive tasks is discussed below. Refer to Appendix A, Table 5-1 for a summary of currentmonitoring data for the aerobic cell.

5.1.1.1 Waste PlacementWaste placement first began November 14, 2000 with an approximate 10-foot lift of wasteplaced on the Module 6D liner. This first lift of waste will act as a buffer between theModule 6D primary liner and the future aerobic cell. The waste was graded to promote drainageand a 60-mil HDPE geomembrane (Image 5-1) was installed to capture all leachate beinggenerated by the aerobic cell. A sixteen-ounce geotextile was then placed on the membrane toact as a cushion for a shredded tire operations layer.

Waste placement in the aerobic cell occurred between August 8, 2001 and September 26, 2001.Waste was placed in three 10-foot lifts with 2:1 side slopes on the north, east and west (internalside slopes), and a 3:1 side slope on the south (external side slope) as presented in Detail 5-1.Because of the limited tipping area of the aerobic cell, self-haul waste was excluded. The use ofdaily cover soil during waste filling was also minimized to aid in the overall permeability of thewaste. Whenever possible, greenwaste or tarps were used as alternative daily cover (ADC) and,in the event soil was placed (for example, access roads or tipping pad), the soil was removedprior to placing the next lift of waste. To further aid permeability of the waste, compaction wasrestricted to only 1to 2 passes with a Caterpillar 826 compactor. Based on waste tonnage recordsand as-built topography, the in-place refuse density is approximately 800 pounds per cubic yard.Instrumentation Layers 1 and 2 were placed between lifts, and base layer instrumentation wasinstalled on the aerobic cell base liner. A summary of sensors installed on each layer is providedin Appendix A, Table 5-2.

Image 5-1. Aerobic liner ready for shredded tire operationslayer and waste placement

5.1.1.2 Liquid AdditionHorizontal liquid injectiowaste (between lifts 1 anInjection lines on top of 1¼-inch-diameter chlorinwere installed and perfoBecause of the elevated tlocations as a redundanctemperatures up to 200oFof injection piping was in

Detail 5-1. Aerobic Cell Cross Section Cell

n lines were installed in each lift of waste. Injection lines within thed 2, 2 and 3) were placed horizontally (north to south) every 20 feet.lift 3 were placed east to west every 20 feet. Various combinations ofated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and 1¼-inch-diameter HDPE pipe

rated with 3/32–inch-diameter holes spaced every 10 feet (Image 5-2).emperatures expected in the aerobic cell, CPVC was installed a selectedy in the event the HDPE piping fails (CPVC is rated for service at, however is approximately 4 times as expensive). A total of 4,780 feetstalled with a total of 326 injection holes.

Image 5-2. Leachate injection laterals in trench

35

36

Each of the injection laterals is be connected to a 4-inch-diameter HDPE injection header.Individual solenoid valves were installed on each leachate injection lateral and connected to theSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system used to monitor the various sensorsand control the operation of the bioreactor. Liquid injection volumes will be monitored atindividual flow meters installed on each injection lateral. A second redundant flow meter willmonitor the total volume and flow rate being injected in the aerobic cell.

5.1.1.3 Air CollectionHorizontal air collection lines were installed between each lift of waste. Air collection linesconsist of various combinations of alternating 4 and 6–inch-diameter CPVC pipe and 6 and 8–inch-diameter corrugated metal pipe. Each air collection line utilizes shredded tires as thepermeable media. The air collection lines between layers are spaced approximately 40 feet apart.A total of 1660 feet of horizontal air collection lines were installed. A summary of the aircollection lines for the aerobic cell is shown in Appendix A, Table 5-3.

Each air collection line is connected to a 12-inch-diameter air collection header that will conveythe gas to and on-site blower and biofilter. Each air collection line incorporates a pre-manufactured wellhead capable of controlling flow and monitoring flow rate, temperature andpressure. Construction of the biofilter commenced in February 2003. Construction of the blowerstation and sensor installation in the biofilter were completed in June 2003. The remaining itemsto be completed include connecting the biofilter instrumentation to the SCADA system andplacement of the biofilter media.

5.1.1.4 Surface LinerVector was retained to provide design, plans and specifications for a surface lining system,including a biofilter for the treatment of the aerobic off-gas.

Since the operation of an aerobic bioreactor at the Yolo County Central Landfill was firstconsidered, two methods of air management for oxygen delivery have been discussed. Onemethod is to push air into the landfill and the other is to apply a vacuum and draw air through thelandfill. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. However, Yolo County has decidedthat the best alternative is to leave the aerobic cell covered with soil and greenwaste (shreddedyard waste), but without an impermeable geomembrane, so that air could be drawn through thewaste by applying a vacuum. In this way, air will enter through the cell surface and migrate tohorizontal pipelines to which a vacuum is applied. Alternate operations plans could includeusing some of the installed pipelines as vents and others for vacuum.

Yolo County had intended to cover the aerobic cell with an exposed geomembrane with abiofilter at the top of the cell to provide some treatment of the off-gas. However, the weight ofthe geomembrane that would have been placed on the aerobic cell along with the weight of asandbag surface ballast system would result in a pressure equivalent to only 0.17 inches of water.Calculations indicate that the required pressure present in the cell to force the air through thewaste, to the top of the cell, and through the biofilter would result in a great deal of ballooning ofthe surface liner. Additionally, the expected high settlement rate would create a great deal ofmaintenance difficulties for the geomembrane surface liner.

Yolo County developed a design for a geomembrane surface liner for the aerobic cell andadvertised for bids on the construction. The bids received were very expensive and not within

37

the budget of the project. As a result of both the technical and economic difficultiesencountered, it was decided that leaving the aerobic cell without a geomembrane liner is thepreferred approach.

5.1.2 MonitoringTemperature, moisture, leachate quantity and quality, and air pressure and composition aremonitored through an array of sensors placed within the waste (Image 5-3) and in the leachatecollection and recovery system (LCRS).

Each sensor location received a temperature sensor (thermistor), a moisture sensor (a PVCmoisture sensor and in some cases a gypsum block) and a linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE) tube. For protection, each wire and tube was encased in a 1.25-inch-diameter HDPEpipe. Temperature sensors, moisture sensors, and pressure transducers are each connected to theSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system used for monitoring and controllingthe operation of the bioreactor. Refer to Appendix B, Details 5-2 through 5-5 for sensor locationdiagrams.

Sensors on instrumentation Layers 0.5, 1, and 2 were placed on a bedding of greenwaste(shredded yard waste), or bin fines (fine pieces of greenwaste). Sensors installed on the primaryliner (prior to any waste placement) were placed on the geotextile and covered with pea gravelprior to the placement of the shredded tire operations layer.


Image 5-3. Moisture, temperature, and tube installation

38


The gypsum blocks are manufactured by Electronics Unlimited and are typically used for soilmoisture determinations in agricultural applications. Gypsum blocks establish equilibrium withthe media in which they are placed and are, therefore, reliable at tracking increases in the soil’smoisture content. However, the gypsum block can take considerable time to dry and thereforemay not reflect the drying of the surrounding environment.

5.1.2.3 Leachate Quantity and QualityLeachate that is generated from the aerobic cell will drain to a separate leachate sump installedon top of the eastside Module D leachate collection sump (Image 5-4). A dedicated pump is thenused to remove the leachate and pump it to one of the on-site leachate storage ponds. A flowmeter will measure rate and total volume pumped from the sump.

Leachate is monitored for the following field parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolvedoxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. When leachate is generated in sufficientquantities, the following parameters will be analyzed by a laboratory: dissolved solids,biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, organic carbon, nutrients (NH3, TKN,TP), common ions, heavy metals and organic priority pollutants. For the first year, monitoring

Image 5-4. Aerobic sump installed and ready for backfill

39

will be conducted monthly for the first six months and quarterly for the following six months.After the first year, monitoring will be conducted semi-annually (pH, conductivity, and flow ratewill continue to be monitored on a monthly basis as required by the State of California’samended Waste Discharge Requirements in Order 5-00-134).

5.1.2.4 PressurePressure within the aerobic cell is monitored with ¼-inch inner diameter and 3/8-inch outerdiameter LLDPE sampling tubes. Each tube can be attached to a pressure gage and supplementalair source. By first purging the tube with the air source (to remove any liquid blockages), andthen reading the pressure, an accurate gas and/or water pressure can be measured at each sensorlocation.

5.1.2.5 Landfill Gas Composition and FlowLandfill gas composition and flow are measured from the pre-manufactured well heads utilizinga GEM-500 combustible gas meter, manufactured by LANDTEC. The GEM-500 is capable ofmeasuring methane (either as a percent by volume or percent of the lower explosive limit),carbon dioxide, and oxygen. A reading for “balance” gas is also provided, which is assumed tobe nitrogen.

5.1.2.6 Surface EmissionsUnder current federal guidelines (40 CFR 60.752), landfills exceeding a specific size mustmonitor for methane surface emissions and any reading in excess of 500 PPM (40 CFR 60.755(c)) requires corrective action to be taken. The Yolo County Central Landfill is not currentlyrequired to test for methane surface emissions, however, as part of the FPA, the County hasproposed to conduct quarterly surface scans to demonstrate the emissions (or lack of) from acontrolled bioreactor landfill.

Methane concentrations are monitored with a model TVA-1000 Flame Ionization Detector(FID)/ Photo Ionization Detector (PID) instrument. Under the FID setting, the TVA-1000 iscapable of detecting methane in the parts-per-million (PPM) range and has an accuracy of ± 2.5PPM or 25 percent of the reading, whichever is greater. In the event significant methane wasdetected, the unit could be switched to PID mode to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC).

5.1.3 OperationOperation of the aerobic cell as a bioreactor will begin once the biofilter is completed. At thistime, we anticipate bioreactor operation to begin by the end of August 2003.

5.1.3.1 Leachate Addition and RecirculationInitially, large volumes of liquid will be added to bring the waste to field capacity (Image 5-5).Once field capacity has been reached, only enough liquid to maintain field capacity will beadded. We anticipate that greater volumes of liquid (compared to the anaerobic cells) will benecessary to maintain field capacity due to the removal of liquid by the air collection system.

40

5.1.3.2 Air CollectionThe aerobic cell blower station was completed in June 2003 (Image 5-6). Construction of thebiofilter began in February 2003. The biofilter base (constructed of wood chips) and itsassociated piping and instrumentation have been completed (Image 5-7). The remaining item tobe completed is the placement of the biofilter media.

Image 5-5. Aerobic leachate injection header and lateral

Image 5-7: Aerobic Cell Blower Station

41

Landfill gas is currently being collected and sent to the on-site gas to energy facility. Onceoperation of the aerobic cell commences, off-gas will be collected and sent to the biofilter fortreatment.

5.2 Results And DiscussionSensor names are represented numerically by the instrumentation layer in which the sensor islocated and by the assigned sensor number. The base layer is represented by a 0, Layer 1 isrepresented by a 1, and so forth. The complete name of the sensor is denoted by the layernumber – the sensor number . For example, the second sensor on Layer 1 is named 1-02.


Temperature results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 5-1 to 5-4. A summary of the results ispresented below in Table 5-5 and Figure 5-4.

Image 5-7. Construction of the biofilter

42

Table 5-4. Temperature Summary for the Aerobic Cell




MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

0 25.4 61.2 41.6 25.6 56.3 39.70.5 47.3 61.5 54.4 40.7 57.7 50.41 17.4 72.1 51.0 5.9 63.5 48.02 34.5 72.2 51.7 48.4 65.7 48.7

Figure 5-5. Average Temperatures for the Aerobic Cell

5.2.2 MoistureThe SCADA system started electronically measuring moisture in March 2002. Moisture waspreviously measured manually with a Model MM 4 moisture meter manufactured by ElectronicsUnlimited. During the pilot scale project, Yolo County conducted laboratory tests with the PVCsensors to determine the relationship between the multimeter readings and the presence of freeliquid in the PVC sensor. It was determined that a meter reading of less than 40 corresponded toan absence of free liquid. A reading between 40 and 80 corresponds to the presence of freeliquid in the PVC pipe but less than saturated conditions. Readings of greater than 80 indicatesaturated conditions; i.e. the PVC sensor is full of liquid.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jul-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 May-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

Tem

pera

ture

(Cel

cius

)

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

Tem

pera

ture

(Fah

renh

eit)

Layer 0.5 Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 0 Mean Ambient Air Temperature


43

PVC moisture results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 5-6 to 5-9. A summary of the resultsis presented below in Table 5-5 and Figure 5-10.

Table 5-5. PVC Moisture Summary for the Aerobic Cell




MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

0 3.2 46.9 94.8 3.7 91.9 39.40.5 80.2 94.4 87.2 80.0 93.9 87.01 10.3 89.9 56.1 9.5 88.9 55.52 6.2 90.6 58.9 5.1 86.6 57.4

Figure 5-10. Average Moisture Levels for the Aerobic Cell

5.2.3 Landfill Gas CollectionGas composition is measured from the wellheads located on top of the aerobic cell with theGEM-500. Gas flow is measured by differential pressures utilizing a magnehelic pressure gaugeby DWYER Instruments, Inc.

Landfill gas results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 5-11 through 5-13. Landfill gascomposition from the aerobic cell shows elevated balance levels and low methane levels. Asummary of the results is presented below in Table 5-6.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Aug-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 May-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03 Jul-03Date

Moi

stur

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

Moi

stur

e Zo

nes

for P

VC M

oist

ure

Sens

ors

Layer 0 Layer 0.5 Layer 1 Layer 2


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid


44

Table 5-6. Landfill Gas Summary for the Aerobic Cell.

Parameter ResultsCumulative Methane fromJanuary 13, 2003 to June 30, 2003

450,909 standard cubic feet (scf)(which is equivalent to approximately 71barrels of oil)Minimum Maximum AverageLFG Flow Rate for the period of

Apil 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003 9.0 scf 12.9 scf 9.8 scfMinimum Maximum AverageMethane Concentration for the period of

April 1, 2003 to June 30, 2003 10.4 % 14.8 % 12.4 %

Landfill gas was sampled from the west-side anaerobic cell in May 2003 and sent to anindependent laboratory for analytical testing. Analytical results are presented in Appendix D.Analytical results show a decline in most VOC’s while the concentration of sulfur compoundsgenerally remain steady.

5.2.4 Leachate Quantity And QualityLeachate was last sampled in May 2002 for analytical testing. Analytical results are presented inAppendix E, Table 5-7. Field chemistry and selected analytical results are presented below inTable 5-8. Leachate will be sampled on a monthly basis once liquid addition commences.

Table 5-8. Field Chemistry and Selected Analytical Results for Leachate Sampled from theAerobic Cell

PARAMETER DATE: 2/26/2002 3/27/2002 5/14/2002 5/29/2003Field Parameters: UnitspH 7.75 8.17 8.48 8.48Electrical Conductivity µS 7026 7705 9048 9426Oxidation Reduction Potential mV 195 195 127 201Temperature C 15.1 15.2 21.1 27.9Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.45 5.73 6.8 1.67Total Dissolved Solids ppm 5673 NA 7448 7686General Chemistry:Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1120 935 1020 1480Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1120 935 1050 1510BOD mg O/L 3.3 5 89 35Chemical Oxygen Demand mg O/L 595 563 602 818Chloride mg/L 1610 1800 2290 1740Ammonia as N mg/L 2.8 1.1 0.60(tr) 36Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L 0.16 0.22 4.8(tr) 4.8Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 19.9 19.2 11.1 69.1Total Dissolved Solids @ 180 C mg/L 4810 5200 5640 6330Total (Non-Volatile) OrganicCarbon

mg/L 766 149 168 215

Total Sulfide mg/L <0.014 0.015(tr) <0.014 <0.0093Dissolved Iron mg/L 0.32 0.084(tr) 0.34 0.81Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 273 260 220 401Dissolved Potassium mg/L NA 66.1 47.8 165

45

Analytical results show an increase in several parameters such as COD, sulfate, alkalinity, totalkjeldahl nitrogen and several metals (i.e. potassium, sodium, and phosphorous, etc.). However,there has also been a decline in dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, a few metals includingmanganese and calcium, and VOC’s (i.e. cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene,tetrachloroethene, etc). Additional data is needed for a thorough assessment of the leachateparameters.

5.2.5 Surface EmissionsMethane surface concentrations are monitored along the perimeter of the collection area andalong a pattern that transverses the landfill at 15 meter intervals. Due to high winds andinclement weather, the surface scan scheduled for December 2002 was postponed until January2003. The March 2003 aerobic cell surface scan was postponed until April 2003 due to technicaldifficulties with the instrument. A summary of the surface scans performed on the aerobic cellis presented below in Table 5-9.

Table 5-9. Summary of Surface Scans Performed on the Aerobic Cell

SurfaceScan No.

Date Max. EmissionsDetected

Location of Max. Emissions

1 April 3, 2002 No fugitive emissionsdetected

Not applicable

2 June 6, 2002 8 ppm Along the western perimeter of the cell3 September 20,

20023 ppm South face of the cell near the leachate

collection sump4 January 7, 2003 0.9 ppm South face of the cell along a gas

collection lateral.5 April 30, 2003 3.6 Along the west perimeter, approximately

80 meters from the south toe of the cell.

The extremely low surface emissions detected from the aerobic cell are not surprising given thelow moisture content of the waste (very little water has been added) and full scale operation ofthe cell has not commenced. Once operation begins, future surface scans should be able todemonstrate the surface emission potential of an aerobic bioreactor landfill.

The detection of surface emissions may also be due to landfill operations in nearby areas. Whilebackground concentrations were monitored prior to conducting the surface scan, changes in windcurrents could have transported methane from adjacent areas. During June 2002 and September2002, grading and waste filling activities in the adjacent west-side 6-acre area could have promotedthe detection of gas emissions in the aerobic cell. Additionally, activities from Module D Phase IIconstruction (which involved exposing waste from an adjacent unit to facilitate base linerinstallation) could have promoted the detection of gas emissions during the September 2002 surfacescan. The surface emissions detected on the south face in January 2003 was due to a loose flex hosealong a gas collection lateral that was immediately tightened. Surface emissions detected in April2003 may be due to emissions from the west-side anaerobic cell. Higher surface emissions havebeen detected from the west-side anaerobic cell due to leakage from small gaps in the surface linerwhere piping exits the cell.

46

The true methane emissions detected are also a function of the accuracy of the surface scanequipment. The TVA-1000 FID instrument has an accuracy of ±25 percent of reading or ±2.5 ppm,whichever is greater, from 1.0 to 10,000 ppm. Thus many of the surface emissions are outside(below) the accuracy range and thereby assumed to be negligible.

6 MODULE 6D BASE LINERThe three bioreactor cells share a common composite liner system, designated the Module 6Dprimary liner. This composite liner system was constructed in 1999 and was designed to exceedthe requirements of Title 27 of CCR and Subtitle D of the Federal guidelines.

6.1 ExperimentalThe experimental methods utilized are grouped into two categories: construction and monitoring.Each of these categories is discussed below.

6.1.1 ConstructionConstruction of the Module 6D primary liner system can generally be separated into two tasks:grading and base liner assembly.

6.1.1.1 GradingThe base layer of Module D was constructed in a ridge and swale configuration, enabling thewest-side 6-acre anaerobic cell to be hydraulically separated from the northeast anaerobic celland the aerobic cell in the southeast quadrant. The base layer slopes 2 percent inward to twocentral collection v-notch trenches located on the southeast and southwest side of Module D(Detail 6-1). Each of the trenches drain at 1 percent to their respective leachate collection sumpslocated at the south side of the module.

Detail 6-1. Module D Bottom Liner and Leachate Collection Trench Cross-Section

47

6.1.1.2 Base Liner AssemblyThe liner is composed, from top to bottom, of the following materials: an operations/drainagelayer consisting of 2 feet of chipped tires (permeability [k] > 1 centimeter per second [cm/s])(Image 6-1), 6-inches of pea gravel, geocomposite drain net, a 60-mil high density polyethylene

(HDPE) geomembrane, a 2–foot-thick compacted clay liner (k < 6 x 10-9 cm/s), 3 feet ofcompacted earth fill (k < 1 x 10-8 cm/s), a 40-mil HDPE vapor barrier layer, and a clay subgradewith 90-percent (ASTM D1557) relative compaction9 (Detail 6-2).

Detail 6-2. Module D Bottom Liner Cross-Section

9 Golder Associates, “Final Report, Construction Quality Assurance, Yolo County Central Landfill, WMU 6,Module D, Phase 1 Expansion”, December 1999.

Image 6-1. Shredded tire operations layer

48

6.1.2 MonitoringTemperature, moisture, and pressure are monitored through an array of sensors placed within thewaste and in the leachate collection and recovery system (LCRS). Each sensor location on thebase layer received a temperature sensor (thermistor), a linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE) tube, and selected locations received a PVC moisture sensor. For protection, each wireand tube was encased in either a 1.25-inch HDPE pipe or run inside the LFG collection piping.Refer to Appendix B, Detail 6-3 for sensor location diagram.

Sensors installed on the primary liner (prior to any waste placement) were placed ongeocomposite and covered with pea gravel prior to the placement of the chipped tire operationslayer. A summary of sensors installed on the base liner is provided in Appendix A, Table 6-1.

As part of the requirements specified under Waste Discharge Requirements in Order 5-00-134,Yolo County is required to monitor liquid buildup on the liner. Under typical landfilling, liquidbuildup on a Class III composite liner system must be maintained to less than 1 foot. In order togain approval from the California Regional Water Quality Control Board to operate Module 6Das a bioreactor, Yolo County must maintain less than 4-inches of liquid buildup on the Module6D primary liner10. Head over the liner is monitored through a series of pressure transducers andsampling tubes either in or next to the leachate collection trenches (Appendix C, Figure 6-10). Inaddition, sampling tubes located on the Module 6D liner (designations 0-1 through 0-66) areutilized to monitor head over the liner.



10 California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Valley Region, “Waste Discharge Requirements for theYolo County Central Landfill, No. 5-00-134”, June 16, 2000.

49

6.1.2.3 Leachate Collection TrenchesThree LLDPE sampling tubes were installed in each of the leachate collection trenches (Image 6-2). The tubes were installed inside a 2-inch-diameter PVC pipe for protection, and terminate atdifferent points along the trenches. The sampling tubes can be hooked up to the same“Magnahelic” pressure gage, which reads directly in inches-of-water.

Pressure transducers were installed at three locations adjacent to each leachate collection trench.Additionally, tubes were installed that terminate adjacent to each of the pressure transducerlocations (Appendix B. Detail 6-2). The pressure transducers provide an output current between4 and 20 milliamps, which is directly proportional to pressure. The pressure transducers installedon the Module 6D liner are Model PTX 1830 manufactured by Druck, Inc. Their pressure rangeis 0 to 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and has+0 an accuracy of ±1 percent of full scale.

6.2 Results And DiscussionTubes located in the leachate collection trenches are referred to as trench liquid level (TLL)tubes. Pressure transducers and their accompanying tubes that are located adjacent to theleachate collection trenches are denoted as PT or PT-TUBE respectively.


Temperature results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 6-1 to 6-4. A summary of the results ispresented below in Table 6-2 and Figure 6-5.

Image 6-2. Pressure tubes installed in LCRS trench

50

Table 6-2. Temperature Summary for the Base Liner

Previous Reporting Period(01/1/03-03/31/03)


Location MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

MinimumTemp. (°C)

MaximumTemp. (°C)

AverageTemp. (°C)

Northwest 8.2 30.1 24.0 6.5 28.5 22.9Southwest 15.8 29.1 24.0 14.3 27.2 22.9Northeast 12.2 30.8 25.2 12.3 31.2 25.8Southeast 10.2 34.5 24.1 8.3 33.8 23.6

Figure 6-5. Average Temperatures on the Base Liner

6.2.2 MoistureThe SCADA system started electronically measuring moisture in March 2002. Due to a slightvariation between how the SCADA system measures moisture compared to the manual meter,moisture readings generally increased a small fraction relative to their previous manuallyrecorded readings. Because moisture data are unitless numbers that give a qualitative assessmentrather than a quantitative measure, we feel that this slight change is not significant. Moisturewas previously measured manually with a Model MM 4 moisture meter manufactured byElectronics Unlimited. During the pilot scale project, Yolo County conducted laboratory testswith the PVC sensors to determine the relationship between the multimeter readings and thepresence of free liquid in the PVC sensor. It was determined that a meter reading of less than 40corresponded to an absence of free liquid. A reading between 40 and 80 corresponds to the

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jan-01 Apr-01 Aug-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jul-03Date

Tem

pera

ture

(Cel

cius

)

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

Tem

pera

ture

(Fah

renh

eit)

West-Side Base Liner Northeast Base LinerSoutheast Base Liner Mean Ambient Air Temperature


6/13/02Began Full Scale Leachate Addition in the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

51

presence of free liquid in the PVC pipe but less than saturated conditions. Readings of greaterthan 80 indicate saturated conditions; i.e. the PVC sensor is full of liquid.

Moisture results are presented in Appendix C, Figures 6-6 to 6-8. A summary of the results ispresented below in Table 6-3 and in Figure 6-9.

Table 6-3. PVC Moisture Summary for the Base Liner



Location MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

MinimumMoisture

MaximumMoisture

AverageMoisture

West-Side 6.5 20.3 9.2 6.8 20.2 9.9Northeast 26.6 88.2 47.5 27.8 88.2 46.6Southeast 8.8 88.2 48.9 9.3 88.2 48.8

Figure 6-9. Average Moisture Levels on the Base Liner

6.2.3 Leachate Collection TrenchesLiquid level data adjacent to the leachate collection trenches is presented in Appendix C, Figure6-10. Pressure transducers three and four shows increasing liquid levels that are not supported bydata from other sensors. In April 2003, pressure transducers were pulled from the base liner,tested for accuracy, and then pulled back to their original locations. To test the pressure

0

20

40

60

80

100

May-01 Aug-01 Oct-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 May-03Date

Moi

stur

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

Moi

stur

e Zo

nes

for P

VC M

oist

ure

Sens

ors

West-Side Base Liner Northeast Base Liner Southeast Base Liner


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

3/27/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

6/13/02Began Full Scale Leachate Addition in the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

6/05/03Began Full-Scale Lquid Addition on Layers 3 and 4

transducers they were immersed in a barrel filled with water of varying depths and the actualdepth of water was compared to the output signal of the transducer (Image 6-3). Several of thepressure transducers exhibited fluctuating readings although the depth of water was constant.Typically this fluctuation was plus or minus one-inch of the actual depth (e.g. if the actual depthof water was 12 inches the output signal of the transducer would drift between 11 and 13 inches.)In an effort to determine the cause of this problem, the manufacturer was contacted and it wasdetermined that the most likely cause of the error was the presence of water in the pressuretransducers vent line. Yolo County plans to remove the water by applying a gentile vacuum(approximately 8 psi, anything greater would adversely affect the transducer) to the vent line.The transducers will then be retested by immersing them in a barrel of water.

On May 22, 2003, pressure tranliquid. Refer to Appendix B, Dethan 10 hours, readings from thethis occurrence, head on the linpresented below in Table 6-4.

Image 6-3. Pressure transducers weretested for accuracy by submerging the

sensors in water at various depths.

52

sducer six located on the bottom liner detected 9.21 inches oftail 6-3 for the location of pressure transducer six. Within less pressure transducer dropped to below 4 inches of water. Sinceer has not surpassed 4 inches. A summary of the results is

53

Table 6-4. Leachate Level Summary for the Base Liner



PressureTransducer

Min. Level(In. of Water)

Max. Level(In. of Water)

Avg. Level(In. of Water)

Min. Level(In. of Water)

Max. Level(In. of Water)

Avg. Level(In. of Water)

1 0.22 0.40 0.30 0.26 0.42 0.362 0.32 0.62 0.46 0.54 0.70 0.623 1.41 2.02 1.85 1.40 2.01 1.694 0.01 0.46 0.11 0.01 0.22 0.095 0.29 0.48 0.37 0.01 0.58 0.306 0.01 0.15 0.04 0.01 9.21* 0.24

*On May 22, 2003, the leachate pump in the east sump was turned off for maintenance andtherefore the water level briefly increased to 9.21 inches.

7 CONCLUSION

Full-scale operation is underway in the northeast anaerobic cell and the west-side anaerobic celland results are generally as expected. In the northeast anaerobic cell, moisture sensors areindicating that injected liquid is being distributed relatively uniformly and temperatures withinthe cell are normal and within the range necessary for anaerobic decomposition.

Leachate addition began in the west-side anaerobic cell in June 2003. In response to leachateaddition, moisture levels on Layer 3 have generally increased and indicate the waste is saturatedwhile temperature levels temporarily declined due to the addition of cool liquid to the waste.Average moisture levels on Layer 2 have also increased, while remaining in the some free liquidzone, and temperatures on Layer 2 have only slightly increased.

Gas production has continued to increase in the bioreactor cells. Methane totaling 31.6 x 106 scfhas been removed from northeast anaerobic cell, 9.7 x 106 scf has been removed from the west-side anaerobic cell, and 450,909 scf has been removed the aerobic cell. Additionally, severalVOC’s in landfill gas from the bioreactor cells have continued to decline.

Methane surface emissions from the aerobic cell and the northeast anaerobic cell generallyremain low. Because liquid addition has not commenced in the aerobic cell, its full potential ateliminating fugitive surface emissions has yet to be evaluated. Two major items that areresponsible for this effective control of surface emissions in the northeast anaerobic cell are thefollowing: 1) The installation of a synthetic cover over the entire cell, and 2) The use of an activelandfill gas extraction system. Higher methane emissions have been detected from the west-sideanaerobic cell. The emissions detected in the March and April 2003 surface scan can generallybe attributed to unsealed areas of the surface liner where piping exits the cell. We expect todetect lower surface emissions once the pipe penetrations have been sealed.

Final construction of the aerobic blower facilities has been completed. The remaining item to becompleted includes placement of the biofilter media. The biofilter is scheduled to be completeand operation of the aerobic cell started by the end of August 2003.

54

8 REFERENCES1. Vector Engineering, “Design Report for the Surface Liners of the Module D Phase 1

Bioreactors at the Yolo County Central Landfill”, October 2001.

2. Yazdani, R., Moore, R. Dahl. K. and D. Augenstein 1998 Yolo County Controlled LandfillBioreactor Project. Yolo County Public Works and I E M, Inc. Yolo County Public Worksand I E M, Inc. report to the Urban Consortium Energy Foundation (UCETF) and theWestern Regional Biomass Energy Program, USDOE.

3. Cooper, C., Alley, F., “Air Pollution Control, A Design Approach,” Waveland Press, Inc.1994

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. 17 July 2003. U.S. EPA. 22 July2003 <http://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html>

5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. 19 February 2003. U.S. EPA.22 July 2003 <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/orig189.html>

6. Norris et al, “Handbook of Bioremediation”, Lewis Publishers, 1993.

7. MTBE Water Contamination. Lewis Saul and Associates,<http://www.mtbecontamination.com/>

8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy (EPA) Home Page. September 1994. U.S. EPA. 22July 2003 http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemfact/f_mibk.txt

9. Golder Associates, “Final Report, Construction Quality Assurance, Yolo County CentralLandfill, WMU 6, Module D, Phase 1 Expansion”, December 1999

10. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Valley Region, “Waste DischargeRequirements for the Yolo County Central Landfill, No. 5-00-134”, June 16, 2000.

https://www.epa.gov/ozone/ods.html

https://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/orig189.html

http://www.mtbecontamination.com/

https://www.epa.gov/opptintr/chemfact/f_mibk.txt

55

APPENDIX A – EPA XL SCHEDULE AND SUMMARY OF MATERIALS INSTALLED

56

Table 1-1. Revised Project XL Delivery Schedule

Project Task Delivery Date• RWQCB approved the revised Waste Discharge Requirement

PermitJune 22, 2000

• Final draft FPA circulated to stakeholders for comments June 22, 2000• Comments received for Final Project Agreement (FPA)• Instrumentation installation began

July 3, 2000

• Finalize FPA and distribute for signature July 21, 2000• All parties sign FPA document September, 2000• Final Rule for Yolo County XL Project published in Federal

RegisterAugust 30, 2001

• First lift of waste completed in the southeast corner of Module 6D.This lift of waste is to be used as the foundation layer for theaerobic cell liner.

January 2001

• Waste placement begins in the northeast 3.5 acre anaerobicbioreactor

January 2001

• Begin monitoring temperature and moisture of waste January 2001• Begin waste placement in west 6-acre anaerobic cell (waste

placement alternates between the west and northeast anaerobicbioreactors and the aerobic bioreactor to facilitate placement ofinstrumentation, piping, etc.)

March 2001

• Completed construction of aerobic cell liner and begin wasteplacement in aerobic cell

July 2001

• Complete the following for the northeast anaerobic 3.5-acre cell:waste placement, instrumentation, leachate injection system, airinjection system, and gas and leachate monitoring

September 2001

• Complete the following for the aerobic bioreactor: wasteplacement, instrumentation, data acquisition and control system,leachate injection system, air management system, gas andleachate monitoring

June 2003

• Begin liquid addition to the northeast 3.5-acre anaerobic cell November 2001• Begin liquid addition and air injection in aerobic bioreactor August 2003• Complete the following for the west anaerobic 6-acre cell: waste

placement, instrumentation, data acquisition and control system,leachate injection system, gas collection system, gas and leachatemonitoring, and cover system

October 2002

• Begin liquid injection in the west side 6-acre anaerobic bioreactor August 2003• Data collection and reporting will continue On-going until waste

stabilization is complete,but dependent onsustained funding levels

57

Table 3-1. Summary of Data for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

Description DataFootprint 3.4 acresAverage Waste Depth 35 feetConstruction of the Base Liner 1999Waste Filling of Cells 1/13/2001 – 8/3/2001Total # of Waste Lifts 4Total Amount of Waste 65,104 tonsTotal Amount of Greenwaste ADC1 11,060 tonsVolume of Soil Within the Waste Mass2 5,970 cubic yardsAs-Placed Biodegradable Waste Tonnage,3

As-Placed Biodegradable Greenwaste ADC Tonnage329,600 tons7,700 tons

Ratio of Waste to Greenwaste ADC 5.9 to 1Ratio of Waste to Greenwaste ADC and Soil 3.4 to 1Average Density of Waste 1,162 pounds per cubic yard, lbs/cy

(does not include soil or ADC)Total # of Horizontal Gas Collection Lines4

Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4

17 Spacing of approximately6 40 feet on center533

Total # of Liquid Addition Lines (HDPE Pipe) 5


25 Spacing of approximately8 40 feet on center755

Total Amount of Liquid Addition Piping Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4

7,990 feet3,080 feet2,450 feet1,500 feet960 feet

Total # of 3/32 inch Diameter Holes in Injection Line Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4

337145935544

Surface Liner 36-mil6 Reinforced Polypropylene

1ADC-Alternative Daily Cover2This is an estimate3Calculated using biodegradable fractions from Tchobanoglous et, al. (1993)4Refer to Table 3 for a complete description of gas collection lines5High Density Polyethylene, HDPE61-mil is equivalent to 0.001 inches and refers to the thickness of the liner

58

Table 3-2. Summary of Sensors for the Anaerobic Cells

Type of Instrumentation FPA Proposed Location/Quantity/Spacing Northeast Anaerobic CellActual Location/Quantity/Spacing

West-Side Anaerobic CellActual Location/Quantity/Spacing

1. Top of the first lift of waste- 55 gages 1. Top of the first lift of waste- 15 gages at 75feet spacing

1. Top of the first lift of waste- 6 gages atvarious spacing

2. Top of the second lift of waste-40 gages 2. Top of the second lift of waste-13 gages at75 feet spacing

2. Top of the second lift of waste-7 gages atvarious spacings

3. Top of the third lift of waste-30 gages 3. Top of the third lift of waste- 13 gages at 75feet spacing

3. Top of the third lift of waste- no gages

4. Top of the final lift of waste-20 gages 4. Top of the final lift of waste- no gages 4. Top of the final lift of waste- no gages

Bubbler Gage forLiquid/Gas PressureMeasurement and

Liquid/Gas Sampling

TOTAL= 145 gages TOTAL= 41 gages TOTAL= 131. Top of the first lift of waste-55 temperature

and moisture sensors1. Top of the first lift of waste-18 temperature

and 18 moisture sensors at 75 feet spacing1. Top of the first lift of waste-6 temperature

and 6 moisture sensors at various spacings

2. Top of the second lift of waste-40temperature and moisture sensors

2. Top of the second lift of waste-16temperature and 39 moisture sensors at 75feet spacing

2. Top of the second lift of waste-43temperature and 43 moisture sensors atvarious spacings

3. Top of the third lift of waste-30 temperatureand moisture sensors

3. Top of the third lift of waste-13 temperatureand 13 moisture sensors at 75 feet spacing

3. Top of the third lift of waste-14 temperatureand 14 moisture sensors at various spacings

4. Top of the final lift of waste-20 temperaturesensors

4. Top of the final lift of waste- no sensors 4. Top of the final lift of waste- no sensors

Moisture andTemperature Sensors

TOTAL= 145 temperature sensors and 125moisture sensors



Because the original project was altered from constructing one 9.5-acre anaerobic cell to constructing two anaerobic cells, one occupying 6-acres and oneoccupying 3.5-acres, waste placement area was lost in the valley separating the two anaerobic cells. This resulted in the installation of fewer sensors overthe 9.5-acre area than initially proposed.

59

Table 3-3. Summary of Gas Collection Lines for the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

GasCollection

Line1

Description Spacing

1-G1 Alternating 4 and 6 inch schedule 80 PVC2. 50’ from west toe1-G2 Shredded tires with pipe at ends. The north end is 40 feet of schedule 40

PVC with a 10 foot section of 3 inch perforated schedule 80 PVC. The southend is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 5 feet of 3 inch schedule 80 PVC,and 10 feet of perforated HDPE.

40’ from 1-G1-NE

1-G3 Alternating 4 and 6 inch schedule 80 PVC. 40’ from 1-G2-NE1-G4 Shredded tires with PVC pipe at ends. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inch

schedule 80 PVC and 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC. The north end is40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC.

40’ from 1-G3-NE

1-G5 Shredded tires with PVC pipes at ends. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20 feet of 4 inchschedule 80 PVC, and 5 feet of 24 inch corrugated HDPE. The north end is40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC.

40’ from 1-G4-NE

1-G6 Shredded tires with PVC pipes at ends. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 80 PVC, 20 feet of 3 inch perforated schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80, and 20 feet of 3 inch perforated schedule 80 PVC. Thenorth end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC.

40’ from 1-G5-NE

2-G1 Shredded tires with PVC pipes at ends. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 80, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80PVC. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC.

30’ from West toe

2-G2 Alternating 4 and 6 inch schedule 80 PVC pipe for the entire length with 40feet of 4 inch at the north and south end.

40’ from 2-G1-NE

2-G3 Shredded tires with PVC pipe at the ends. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC. The south end 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20 feetof 3 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 20 feet 3inch perforated schedule 80 PVC.

40’ from 2-G2-NE

2-G4 Alternating 6 and 3 inch schedule 80 PVC pipe. The south end is 4 inchschedule 80 PVC and the north end is 4 inch schedule 40 PVC.

40’ from 2-G3-NE

2-G5 Shredded tires with pipe at the ends. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20feet of 3 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10feet of 12 inch corrugated HDPE3.

40’ from 2-G4-NE

3-G1 Shredded tires with PVC pipe at the ends. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC. The south end is 40 feet 4 inch schedule 80 and 20 feet of8 inch schedule 40.

45’ from west toe

3-G2 Shredded tires with PVC pipe at the ends. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 VC. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20feet of 8 inch HDPE, and 40 feet of 6 inch HDPE.

45’ from 3-G1-NE

3-G3 Shredded tires with PVC pipe at the ends. The north end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC. The south end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 20feet of 6 inch schedule 40 PVC, and 10 feet of 12 inch corrugated HDPE.

35’ from 3-G2-NE

1Gas Collection Line Nomenclature: Layer # - G (for gas) and gas line #2Polyvinyl chloride, PVC3High Density Polyethylene, HDPE

60

Table 4-1. Summary of Data for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

Description DataFootprint 6 acresAverage Waste Depth 35 feetConstruction of the Base Liner 1999Waste Filling of Cells 3/8/2001 – 8/31/2002Total # of Waste Lifts 4Total Amount of Waste 166,294 tonsTotal Amount of Greenwaste ADC1 27,570 tonsTotal # of Horizontal Gas Collection Lines2


18 Spacing of approximately 0 80 feet on center9 (Layer 4 spacing of

7 approximately 50 feet) 2

Total # of Liquid Addition Lines (HDPE Pipe) 3


27 Spacings vary01773

Total Amount of Liquid Addition Piping Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4

7,185 feet0 feet4,350 feet1,185 feet1,650 feet

Total # of 3/32 and 1/8 inch Diameter Holes in Injection Line Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4

321012262137

Surface Liner 40-mil4 LLDPE5 geomembrane1ADC-Alternative Daily Cover2Refer to Table 3 for a complete description of gas collection lines3High Density Polyethylene, HDPE41-mil is equivalent to 0.001 inches and refers to the thickness of the liner5 Linear Low Density PolyproplyeneTable 4-2. Summary of Gas Collection Lines for the West-SideAnaerobic Cell

61

Table 4-2. Summary of Gas Collection Lines for the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

GasCollection

Line1

Description Spacing

2-G1 Shredded tires with pipe at ends. The east end is 45 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC2, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 50 feet of 4 inchschedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC.

80’ from 2-G2

2-G2 Shredded tires with pipe at ends. The east end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC.

80’from 2-G3

2-G3 Shredded tires with pipe on ends. The east and west ends are 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC,10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC.

80’ from 2-G4

2-G4 Shredded tires with pipe on ends. The east end is 20 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC,and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 20 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80PVC, 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 20 feet of 24 inch corrugated metal pipe.

80’ from 2-G5

2-G5 Alternating 10-foot lengths of 4 inch schedule 40 electrical conduit and 6 inch corrugated metal.The east end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feetof 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 40 feet of schedule 80 PVC and 10 feet of 6 inchschedule 40 electrical conduit.

80’from 2-G6

2-G6 Shredded tires with pipe at ends. The east end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 12 inch schedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC, 10 feetof 12 inch schedule 40 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC.

80’ from 2-G7

2-G7 Shredded tires with pipe on ends. The east end is 40 feet of 4 inch schedule 40 PVC, 10 feet of 6inch schedule 80 PVC, and 10 feet of 4 inch schedule 80 PVC. The west end is 40 feet of 4 inchschedule 80 PVC, 10 feet of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC, and six sets of alternating 10 foot lengths of4 inch schedule 80 PVC telescoped with 12 inch schedule 40 PVC.

80’from 2-G8

2-G8 Same as 2-G2 80’ from 2-G92-G9 Same as 2-G2 40’from south toe3-G1 Shredded tires with pipe on west end. No pipe on east end. The west end is 40 feet of 4 inch

schedule 80 PVC, and three sets of alternating 10 foot lengths of 6 inch schedule 80 PVCtelescoped with 4 inch schedule 80 PVC.

80’ from 3-G2

3-G2 Same as 3-G1 80’ from 3-G33-G3 Same as 3-G1 80’ from 3-G43-G4 Same as 3-G1 80’ from 3-G53-G5 Same as 3-G1 80’ from 3-G63-G6 Shredded tires with pipe on west end. No pipe on east end. The west end is 50 feet of 4 inch

schedule 80 PVC, and 60 feet of alternating 10 foot lengths of 6 inch and 4 inch schedule 80PVC.

80’ from 3-G7

3-G7 Same as 3-G1 40’ from southtoe

4-G1 Shredded tires with pipe on ends. The north and south ends are 3 sets of alternating 10 footlengths of 6 inch schedule 80 PVC and 6 inch schedule 40 PVC, and one additional10 foot lengthof 6 inch schedule 80 PVC.

40’ from southtoe

4-G2 Same as 4-G1 50’ from 4-G11Gas Collection Line Nomenclature: Layer #-G (for gas) and line #2Polyvinyl chloride, PVC

62

Table 5-1. Summary of Data for the Aerobic Cell

Description DataFootprint 2.3 acresAverage Waste Depth 30 feetConstruction of the Base Liner August 2001Waste Filling of Cells 8/8/2001 – 9/26/2001Total # of Waste Lifts 3Total Amount of Waste 11,942 tonsTotal Amount of Greenwaste ADC1 2,169 tonsTotal # of Corrugated Metal Pipe Horizontal Air Collection Lines Layer 1 Layer 2

6 Spacings vary.33

Total # of CPVC2 Pipe Horizontal Air Collection Lines Layer 1 Layer 2

5 Spacings vary.32

Total Amount of Air Collection Lines3

Layer 1 Layer 2

1,660 feet1,100 feet560 feet

Total # of HDPE4 Pipe Liquid Addition Lines Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

21 Spacings approximately10 40 feet on center to8 alternate with CPVC pipe3 for liquid addition lines.

Total # of CPVC Pipe Liquid Addition Lines Layer 1 Layer 2

11 Spacings of approximately6 40 feet on center to alternate5 with HDPE pipe for liquid addition lines.

Total Amount of Liquid Addition Piping Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

4,780 feet2,870 feet1,400 feet510 feet

Total # of 3/32 inch Diameter Holes in Injection Lines Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

3261869743

1ADC-Alternative Daily Cover2Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride, CPVC3Refer to table A for a complete description of air collection lines4High Density Polyethylene, HDPE

63

Table 5-2. Summary of Sensors for the Aerobic Cell

Type ofInstrumentation

FPA ProposedLocation/Quantity/Spacing

Aerobic Cell ActualLocation/Quantity/Spacing

1. Two over the primary liner at 200feet spacing

1. Two over the primary liner at 200 feetspacing

PressureTransducers

2. One within the leachate collectionsump

2. One within the leachate collection sump

1. Top of the aerobic bottom liner-48gages at 50 feet spacing

1. Top of the aerobic bottom liner-12gages at 75 feet spacing

2. Top of the first lift of waste- 24gages

2. Top of the first lift of waste- 26 gages

3. Top of the second lift of waste-20gages

3. Top of the second lift of waste- 16gages

4. Top of the final lift of waste-20gages

4. Top of the final lift of waste- no gages

Bubbler Gage forLiquid/Gas

PressureMeasurement and

Liquid/GasSampling

TOTAL= 112 gages TOTAL= 54 gages1. Top of the aerobic bottom liner-48

temperature and 12 moisturesensors

1. Top of the aerobic bottom liner-12temperature and 2 moisture sensors at75 feet spacing

2. Between bottom liner and the top ofthe first lift of waste- no sensors

2. Between bottom liner and the top of thefirst lift of waste- 3 temperature sensorsand 3 moisture sensors at variousspacings.

3. Top of the first lift of waste- 24temperature and moisture sensors

3. Top of the first lift of waste- 26temperature and 26 moisture sensors atvarious spacings

4. Top of the second lift of waste-20temperature and moisture sensors

4. Top of the second lift of waste-18temperature and 21 moisture sensors atvarious spacings

5. Top of the final lift of waste-20temperature and moisture sensors

5. Top of the final lift of waste-notemperature or moisture sensors

Moisture andTemperature

Sensors

TOTAL= 112 temperature sensorsand 76 moisture sensors

TOTAL= 59 temperature sensors and52 moisture sensors

64

Table 5-3. Summary of Air Collection Lines for the Aerobic Cell

Air Collection Line1 Description Spacing1-A1 Alternating 10 foot lengths of 4 and 6 inch schedule 80

CPVC2.30’ from west toe

1-A2 Alternating 10 foot lengths of 6 and 8 inch corrugatedmetal pipe.

40’ from 1-A1-SE


40’ from 1-A2-SE

1-A4 Alternating 10 foot lengths of 4 and 6 inch schedule 80CPVC.

40’ from 1-A3-SE


40’ from 1-A4-SE


40’ from 1-A5-SE


25’ from west toe


40’ from 2-A1-SE


40’ from 2-A2-SE


40’ from 2-A3-SE


40’ from 2-A4-SE

1Air Collection Line Nomenclature: Layer # - A (for air) and air collection line #2Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC

Table 6-1. Summary of Sensors for the Module 6D Base Liner

Type ofInstrumentation

FPA ProposedLocation/Quantity/Spacing

Module 6D Base Liner ActualLocation/Quantity/Spacing

1. Eight over the primary liner nearthe LCRS trench at 200 feetspacing

1. Six over the primary liner at 200 feetspacing (three near the west LCRSand three near the east LCRS)

PressureTransducer

2. Two over the primary liner withinthe leachate collection sumps

2. Four over the primary liner within theleachate collection sumps

Bubbler Gage forLiquid/Gas

PressureMeasurement and

Liquid/GasSampling

Top of primary bottom liner-66gages at 75 feet spacing

Top of primary bottom liner-66 gagesat 75 feet spacing

Moisture andTemperature

Sensors

Top of primary bottom liner-66temperature sensors at 75 feetspacing and 12 moisture sensors

Top of primary bottom liner-66temperature sensors at 75 feet spacingand 12 moisture sensors

65

APPENDIX B – PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION PLAN

AS-BUILT

AS-BUILT

SENSOR DESIGNATION NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION (MSL)

AS-BUILT

AS-BUILT

AS-BUILT

AS-BUILT

78

APPENDIX C – GRAPHS

79

Figure 3-1. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Liquid Recirculation and Addition Volumes

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

Mar-02 May-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

Leachate Recirculated Supplemental Liquid Added Total Liquid Added: Supplemetal Liquid plus Recirculated Leachate

Between September 24, 2002 and October 4, 2002 35,460 gallons of liquid was removed from the sump during injection line cleaning.

80

Figure 3-2. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Layer 1 Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Apr-01 Jul-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 May-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

1-01 1-02 1-031-04 1-06 1-071-08 1-10 1-111-12 1-13 1-141-15 1-16 1-171-18 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

5/30/012nd Lift Completed

7/6/013rd Lift Completed

7/29/014th Lift Completed


3/27/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on Layer 1

6/13/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition on Layer 1

81


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

May-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

2-01 2-03 2-042-05 2-08 2-092-10 2-11 2-142-15 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

7/6/01: 3rd Lift Completed

7/29/01: 4th Lift Completed




82


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

3-01 3-03 3-04 3-053-06 3-07 3-08 3-093-10 3-11 3-12 3-13Mean Ambient Air Temperature

7/29/01: 4th Lift Completed


5/29/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on Layer 3 and Layer 4

2/28/03Began Full-Scale Liquid Injection on Layer 3

83

Figure 3-5. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Selected Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Apr-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Mar-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Mar-03 May-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

1-10 2-08 3-06 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

12/13/01Started Landfill Gas Collection in the Northeast Anaerobic



84

Figure 3-7. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Layer 1 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-01 Aug-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 May-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jul-03

Date

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1-01 1-02 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-06 1-07 1-08 1-09 1-10 1-11 1-121-13 1-14 1-15 1-16 1-17


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid




85


0

20

40

60

80

100

Jun-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 May-03

Date

2-01 2-02 2-03 2-04 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 2-09 2-10 2-11 2-12

2-13 2-14 2-15


No Free Liquid

Some Free Liquid

100

80

40

0




86

Figure 3-9. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Layer 2 Gypsum in Plaster Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

May-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03

Date

2-02 2-03 2-04 2-05 2-06 2-08 2-09 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-14 2-15




87

Figure 3-10. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Layer 2 Gypsum in Soil Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Jun-01 Sep-01 Jan-02 Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 May-03

Date

2-01 2-02 2-03 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 2-09 2-11 2-13 2-14 2-15

12/13/01Started Landfill Gas Collection in theNortheast Anaerobic Cell



88


0

20

40

60

80

100


Date

3-01 3-02 3-03 3-04 3-05 3-06 3-07 3-08 3-09 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

100

80

40

0


5/29/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on Layer 3 and Layer 4

2/28/03Began Full-Scale Liquid Injection on Layer 3

89

Figure 3-13. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Landfill Gas Concentrations from Header Line

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Dec-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

Land

fill G

as C

once

ntra

tion

(Per

cent

)

Methane Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Balance

90

Figure 3-14. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Landfill Gas Flow Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Dec-01 Feb-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Mar-03 May-03

Date

Land

fill G

as F

low

Rat

e (s

cfm

)

3/27/02Began leachate Injection Line Testing

6/10/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Injection

Low flow rates were recorded on May 5, 2003, June 4, 2003, and June 29 and 30, 2003 as a result of the gas to energy facility temporarily shutting down.

91

Figure 3-15. Northeast Anaerobic Cell Cumulative Methane

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Dec-01 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 May-02

Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03

Jun-03

Date

6/10/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Injection

92

Figure 3-16. Cumulative Methane from the Northeast Anaerobic Cell and the Enhanced Cell from the Pilot Scale Project

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Time (days following the beginning of liquid addition)

Enhanced Cell (Pilot Scale Project) Northeast 3.5-Acre Cell (Full Scale Project)

93

Figure 4-1. Cumulative Leachate Removed from the West-Side Leachate Collection and Removal System (LCRS)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

5-Jun-03 10-Jun-03 15-Jun-03 20-Jun-03 25-Jun-03 30-Jun-03

Date

Cum

ulat

ive

Liqu

id (G

allo

ns)

Supplemental Liquid Added Leachate Recirculated

94

Figure 4-2. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Layer 1 Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

May-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

1-01 1-02 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-06 Mean Ambient Air Temperature

5/7/02Started Landfill Gas Collection in the West-Side Anaerobic Cell



95


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

2-03 2-05 2-062-07 2-08 2-102-11 2-12 2-132-14 2-15 2-172-18 2-19 2-202-21 2-22 2-232-24 2-25 2-272-28 2-29 2-302-31 2-332-35 2-36 2-372-38 2-39 2-402-41 2-42 2-43Mean Ambient Air Temperature




6/5/03Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition on layers 3 and 4

96


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jun-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 May-03

Date

Tem

pera

ture

(Cel

cius

)

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

Tem

pera

ture

(Fah

renh

eit)

3-01 3-02 3-033-04 3-05 3-063-07 3-08 3-093-10 3-12 3-133-14 Mean Ambient Air Temperature




6/5/03Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition on layers 3 and 4

97

Figure 4-6. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Layer 1 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

Moi

stur

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

1-02 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-06


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

Moi

stur

e Zo

nes

for P

VC M

oist

ure

Sens

ors




6/05/03Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition on Layers 3 and 4

98

Figure 4-7. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Layer 2 PVC Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

2-01 2-02 2-03 2-04 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 2-09 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-132-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 2-24 2-25 2-262-27 2-28 2-29 2-30 2-31 2-32 2-33 2-34 2-35 2-36 2-37 2-38 2-392-40 2-41 2-42 2-43


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid




99

Figure 4-8. West-Side Anaerobic cell Layer 3 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Jun-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

3-01 3-02 3-03 3-04 3-05 3-06 3-07 3-08 3-09 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid




100

Figure 4-10. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Landfill Gas Concentrations from Header Line

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

Methane Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Balance

10/19/02Completed surface liner installation on the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

06/05/03Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition

101

Figure 4-11. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Landfill Gas Flow Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date


3/13/03Completed West-Side Anaerobic Cell LFG Collection System


102

Figure 4-12. West-Side Anaerobic Cell Cumulative Methane

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03

Date



103

Figure 5-1. Aerobic Cell Base Liner Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jul-01 Oct-01 Feb-02 May-02 Aug-02 Nov-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0-01 0-02 0-030-04 0-05 0-060-07 0-08 0-090-10 0-11 0-120-13 0-14 0-15Mean Ambient Air Temperature

8/27/011st Lift Completed



104

Figure 5-2. Aerobic Cell Layer 0.5 Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Aug-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 May-02 Aug-02 Nov-02 Feb-03 May-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0.5-01 0.5-02 Mean Ambient Air Temperature



105

Figure 5-3. Aerobic Cell Layer 1 Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Aug-01 Oct-01 Jan-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 May-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

1-01 1-02 1-03 1-041-05 1-06 1-07 1-081-09 1-10 1-11 1-121-15 1-16 1-17 1-181-19 1-20 1-21 1-221-23 1-24 1-25 1-26Mean Ambient Air Temperature




106

Figure 5-4. Aerobic Cell Layer 2 Temperature Readings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 May-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

2-01 2-02 2-032-04 2-05 2-062-07 2-08 2-102-11 2-12 2-132-14 2-16 2-172-22 2-23 Mean Ambient Air Temperature


6/25/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on Layer 2.

107

Figure 5-6. Aerobic Cell Base Liner PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Aug-01 Nov-01 Feb-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jul-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

0-05 0-07 0-14 0-15


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

108

Figure 5-7. Aerobic Cell Layer 0.5 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

0.5-1 0.5-2


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

109

Figure 5-8. Aerobic Cell Layer 1 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Aug-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

1-01 1-02 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-06 1-07 1-08 1-09 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-13

1-14 1-15 1-16 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 1-21 1-22 1-23 1-24 1-25 1-26


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

6/21/02Began Leachte Injection Line Testing on Layer 1

110

Figure 5-9. Aerobic Cell Layer 2 PVC Moisture Readings

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sep-01 Dec-01 Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 May-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

2-01 2-02 2-03 2-04 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-132-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-22


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid


111

Figure 5-11. Aerobic Cell Landfill Gas Concentrations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03

Date

Land

fill G

as C

ompo

sitio

n (P

erce

nt)

Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Balance Methane

112

Figure 5-12. Aerobic Cell Landfill Gas Flow Rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Jan-03 Feb-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03

Date

Land

fill G

as F

low

Rat

e (s

cfm

)

113

Figure 5-13. Aerobic Cell Cumulative Methane

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

Cum

ulat

ive

Met

hane

(sta

ndar

d cu

bic

feet

)

114

Figure 6-1. Module D Base Liner Temperature Readings (Northwest Quadrant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0-01 0-02 0-03 0-040-05 0-06 0-07 0-080-09 0-10 0-11 0-120-13 0-15 0-16 0-180-19 0-20 Mean Ambient Air Temperature


115

Figure 6-2. Module D Base Liner Temperature Readings (Southwest Quadrant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0-21 0-22 0-230-24 0-25 0-260-27 0-28 0-290-30 0-31 0-32Mean Ambient Air Temperature


116

Figure 6-3. Module D Base Liner Temperature Readings (Northeast Quadrant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jan-01 Apr-01 Jul-01 Oct-01 Feb-02 May-02 Aug-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0-36 0-37 0-38 0-390-40 0-41 0-42 0-430-44 0-45 0-46 0-470-48 0-49 0-50 0-510-52 0-53 0-54 Mean Ambient Air Temperature


6/13/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition on the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

117

Figure 6-4. Module D Base Liner Temperature Readings (Southeast Quadrant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Jan-01 Apr-01 Jul-01 Oct-01 Feb-02 May-02 Aug-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03

Date

32

52

72

92

112

132

152

172

0-55 0-56 0-57 0-580-59 0-60 0-61 0-620-63 0-64 0-65 0-66Mean Ambient Air Temperature


6/13/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition in the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

118

Figure 6-6. Module D Base Liner PVC Moisture Readings (Northwest and Southwest Quadrants)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Mar-03 May-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

0-05 0-06 0-11 0-14 0-20 0-31


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid


119

Figure 6-7. Module D Base Liner PVC Moisture Readings (Northeast Quadrant)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Mar-03 May-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

0-42 0-47 0-37


No Free Liquid


3/27/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on the Northeast Anaereobic Cell

Some Free Liquid

120

Figure 6-8. Module D Base Liner PVC Moisture Readings (Southeast Quadrant)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Apr-01 Jul-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Mar-02 May-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03 Jun-03

Date

0

20

40

60

80

100

0-60 0-62


Some Free Liquid

No Free Liquid

3/27/02Began Leachate Injection Line Testing on the Northeast Anaereobic Cell


121

Figure 6-10. Module D Base Liner Pressure Transducers and Adjacent Tubes

0

2

4

6

8

10

Mar-01 Jun-01 Sep-01 Dec-01 Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 May-03

Date

Pres

sure

(Inc

hes

of W

ater

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4Tube 5 Tube 6 Pressure Transducer-01Pressure Transducer-02 Pressure Transducer-03 Pressure Transducer-04Pressure Transducer-05 Pressure Transducer-06 FPA Regulatory Requirements

Pres

sure

(Cen

timet

ers

of W

ater

)

6/13/02Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition in Northeast Anaerobic Cell

6/5/03Began Full-Scale Leachate Addition in West-Side Anaerobic Cell

On May 22, 2003 the leachate pump in the east sump was turned off for maintenance and therefore the water level briefly increased to 9.21 inches.

122

APPENDIX D – LANDFILL GAS LABORATORY CHEMISTRY

123

Table 3-7. Analytical Results for Landfill Gas Sampled from Module D

Northeast Anaerobic Cell West-Side Anaerobic Cell Aerobic Cell

GAS ANALYSISPARAMETERS

DATE: 3/8/2002 5/29/2002 8/29/2002 12/5/2002 3/18/2003 5/27/2003 5/29/2002 3/18/2003 5/27/2003 3/18/2003 5/27/2003

Method CFR60 EPA 25C Mod: UnitsMethane ppm 280,000 280,000 460,000 400,000 390,000 450,000 230,000 180,000 310,000 100,000 63000Total Non-Methane Hydocarbonsas Methane

ppm 10,000 9,500 6,200 3,000 1,600 1,500 5,100 2,200 6,200 7,700 8100

Method CFR60A EPA 15/16:Dimethyl Sulfide ppm 18 12 11 4.5 2.7 ND 5.2 5 7 10 6.3Hydrogen Sulfide ppm ND ND 1.8 220 160 230 ND 66 81 ND NDCarbonyl Sulfide ppm ND ND ND 0.47 0.43 ND ND 0.91 0.81 ND NDMethyl Mercaptan ppm ND ND 0.38 0.87 0.44 ND ND 1.3 1.5 1 0.95Ethyl Mercaptan ppm ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDCarbon Disulfide ppm 0.64 0.54 ND ND ND ND ND 0.89 0.52 ND NDDimethyl Disulfide ppm 0.52 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.22 0.84 1.1Method CFR60 EPA 3C:Carbon Dioxide % 41 41 43 37 40 37 68 19 34 24 21Carbon Monoxide % ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMethane % 28 28 46 40 39 45 23 18 30 10 6.3Nitrogen % 26 27 6.9 20 15 13 11 49 31 62 68Oxygen % 0.83 0.21 0.26 1.9 1.5 0.66 ND 11 1.1 1.9 1.3Method EPA-2 TO -15:Dichlorodifluormethane ppb 7,900 6,400 1,400 1,300 1,200 680 17,000 3,800 2,700 1,400 NDChloromethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 191,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

ppb ND 400 320 110 85 68 1,100 340 240 ND ND

Vinyl Chloride ppb ND 950 3,600 4,000 1,200 1,200 1,200 170 180 ND NDBromomethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDChloroethane ppb 1,100 820 550 360 170 160 780 320 380 ND NDTrichlorofluoromethane ppb 620 430 280 130 92 ND 7,900 370 370 ND ND

124

1,1-Dichlorethene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 440 620 580 NDCarbon Disulfide ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND 960 ND ND ND ND

Acetone ppb 54,000 28,000 22,000 10,000 4,300 4,300 13,000 16,000 22,000 50,000 90Methylene Chloride ppb 14,000 8,200 3,900 1,200 300 160 4,800 3,500 3,900 1,700 2.6trans-1,2-Dichloroethene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,1-Dichloroethane ppb 1,600 1,000 850 340 130 95 880 440 ND ND NDVinyl Acetate ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDcis-1,2-Dichloroethene ppb ND 240 670 760 520 500 ND 290 310 ND ND2-Butanone (MEK) ppb 38,000 28,000 29,000 9,500 3,800 3,800 6,000 23,000 23,000 28,000 78Chloroform ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,1,1-Trichloroethane ppb ND ND ND ND 42 ND 680 ND ND ND NDCarbon Tetrachloride ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBenzene ppb 1,700 1,800 1,500 960 380 450 490 980 1,300 1,300 2.91,2-Dichloroethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND 120 ND 150 220 NDTrichloroethene ppb 1,700 1,300 1,200 620 260 240 220 860 1,000 620 2.71,2-Dichloropropane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBromoodichloromethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDcis-1,3-Dichloropropene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND4-Methyl-2-Pentanone (MIBK) ppb 10,000 9,700 8,100 2,500 760 760 5,400 4,500 4,400 14,000 46Toluene ppb 31,000 26,000 25,000 19,000 8,400 8,400 3,400 21,000 22,000 20,000 130trans-1,3-Dichloropropene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,1,2-Trichloroethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDTetrachloroethene ppb 2,300 2,200 1,600 1,000 480 470 350 1,100 1,700 1,500 132-Hexanone ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDDibromochloromethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDChlorobenzene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDEthylbenzene ppb 2,800 3,200 3,000 3,100 1,800 1,800 170 5,100 3,600 2,300 52Total Xylenes ppb 9,400 11,000 9,700 9,700 5,200 5,600 480 14,000 11,000 6,500 200Styrene ppb 700 930 950 980 350 250(tr) ND 890 1400 310 25Bromoform ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

125

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBenzyl Chloride ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND4-Ethyltoluene ppb ND 930 710 980 470 600 ND 590 1100 500 451,3,5-Trimethylbenzene ppb ND 290 260 390 170 210 ND 230 350 ND 151,2,4-Trimethylbenzene ppb ND 760 640 840 380 480 ND 370 750 370 471,3-Dichlorobenzene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,4-Dichlorobenzene ppb ND 270 190 280 66 78 ND ND ND ND 211,2-Dichlorobenzene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDHexachlorobutadiene ppb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDFootnotes:ND=Not Detected

126

APPENDIX E – LEACHATE LABORATORY CHEMISTRY

127

Table 3-8. Field Chemistry and Analytical Results for Leachate Sampled from the Northeast Anaerobic Cell

PARAMETER Date: 2/14/2002 3/27/2002 5/14/2002 6/20/2002 7/23/2002 8/13/2002 9/26/2002 10/17/2002 2/26/2003 5/27/2003Field Parameters: UnitspH 7.13 7.55 7.40 7.60 7.44 7.48 7.47 7.35 8.16 7.02Electrical Conductivity µS 6583 6173 6095 4054 11510 15860 12440 10230 9351 11990Oxidation ReductionPotential

mV -119 -12 80 94 -7 43 -35 -25 160 17

Temperature C 19.9 21.5 25.9 26.5 30.5 30.5 28.4 26.0 23.5 33.3Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 0.65 2.13 1.4 2.04 0.33 1.31 3.66 2.96 5.56 2.80Total Dissolved Solids ppm 5244 4860 4059 3062 9740 14050 10770 8640 7850 9978General Chemistry:Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1740 1550 1760 1110 3740 5150 3960 4010 2680 3280Carbonate Alkalinity mg/L <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1740 1550 1760 1110 3740 5150 3960 4010 2680 3280BOD mg O/L 20 34 19 10 200 490 1400 3000 44 85Chemical Oxygen Demand mg O/L 633 488 791 196 1620 2820 2830 1810 120 1590Chloride mg/L 1070 1100 1030 617 1950 2830 1870 1380 1470 1670Hydroxide mg/L <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Ammonia as N mg/L 30 24.4 26.3 13.5 131 264 255 289 132 207Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L <0.03 0.43 <1.5 <0.015 0.061 0.22 (tr) 1.4 <0.009 17.3 13Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 53.1 71 40 21.8 201 354 326 358 222 320Sulfate mg/L 322 210 94.3(tr) 256 5.3 8.2(tr) 155 7 315 45.3Total Dissolved Solids@ 180 C

mg/L 4440 3960 3700 2500 7800 9860 8000 6680 5720 7700


mg/L 202 147 123 68.8 544 713 943 588 325 490

Total Phosphorus mg/L 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 2.7 3.7 3.4 1.8 3.3Total Sulfide mg/L 1.3 0.18 1.3 0.74 1.2 2.5 1.1 1.4 0.034(tr) 0.020 (tr)Metals:Dissolved Aluminum mg/L 0.14 (tr) <0.043 0.10(tr) <0.043 0.097(tr) 0.11(tr) 0.058(tr) 0.096(tr) 0.063(tr) 0.099(tr)Dissolved Antimony mg/L 0.0022 0.0015(tr) 0.0012(tr) 0.0008(tr) 0.012 <0.031 0.0089 0.0072 0.0072 0.0057Dissolved Arsenic mg/L 0.029 0.026 0.028 0.037 0.054 0.062 0.058 0.062 0.043 0.06Dissolved Barium mg/L 0.84 0.56 0.92 0.39 1.6 1.6 2.5 1.7 0.88 1.2Dissolved Beryllium mg/L <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.00078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.00009 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.00039

128

Dissolved Boron mg/L 7.9 7.1 7.4 NA 12.8 20.1 15.7 11.6 11.1 10.9Dissolved Cadmium mg/L <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.0031 <0.000074 <0.000074 0.00018 (tr) 0.00015 (tr)Dissolvd Calcium mg/L 183 137 158 NA 175 92 174 221 114 89.8Dissolved Chromium mg/L 0.036 0.024 0.025 0.0099 0.086 0.075 0.074 0.073 0.071 0.14Dissolved Cobalt mg/L 0.007 0.0058 0.0049 0.0034 0.011 0.014(tr) 0.018 0.016 0.037 0.048Dissolved Copper mg/L 0.0054 0.004 0.002 0.0024 0.0052* 0.004 (tr) 0.0044* 0.0044 0.03* 0.016Dissolved Iron mg/L 1.1 0.44 0.39 0.19 2.9* 1.8 3.9 4 2.5 2.8Dissolved Lead mg/L 0.00046(tr) 0.00016(tr) 0.00020(tr) <0.000066 0.001 0.0016 0.0011 0.00078 (tr) 0.0014 0.004Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 323 248 262 NA 535 655 480 437 359 265Dissolved Manganese mg/L 4.1 3.2 4.5 2.9 2 0.33 3 0.94 0.68 1.1Dissolved Mercury mg/L <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 0.000081(tr)* <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000064 <0.000064Dissolved Molybdenum mg/L 0.012(tr) <0.0046 <0.0046 0.0048(tr) 0.0048 (tr) <0.0046 <0.0046 <0.0046 0.013 (tr) 0.015 (tr)Dissolved Nickel mg/L 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.08 0.26 0.3 0.23 0.2 0.38 0.4Dissolved Potassium mg/L 152 124 133 NA 215 336 319 348 371 372Dissolved Phosphorus mg/L 1.9 0.96 1.9 NA 1.6 2 3.6 2.6 1.8 3.3Dissolved Selenium mg/L <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 0.0077 <0.0017 0.002 <0.0017Dissolved Silver mg/L 0.000083 (tr) 0.000031(tr

)<0.00003 <0.00003 0.0002(tr) <0.0032 0.0001(tr) 0.000061 (tr) 0.000084 (tr) 0.00018 (tr)

Dissolved Sodium mg/L 875 774 759 NA 1370 2340 1820 1330 1440* 1410Dissolved Thallium mg/L <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.0034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034Dissolved Tin mg/L <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 0.0062 (tr) 0.058 (tr)Dissolved Vanadium mg/L 0.059 0.03(tr) 0.031(tr) 0.013(tr) 0.21 0.1 0.071 0.054 0.061 0.093Dissolved Zinc mg/L 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.015 0.13(tr) 0.13 0.17 0.13 0.15 0.14Volatile OrganicCompounds:Acetone µg/L 16 10 6.4 6.9 170* 1500 (tr) 2300 650 49 39Acrylonitrile µg/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <50 <100 <1000 <200 <20 <20Benzene µg/L <0.13 0.28 (tr)* 0.22(tr) <0.13 <0.65 <1.3 <13 <2.6 0.36 (tr) 1.1 (tr)Bromobenzene µg/L <0.18 <0.18 <0.18 <0.18 <0.90 NA <18 <3.6 <0.36 <0.36Bromochloromethane µg/L <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <1.6 <3.1 <31 <6.2 <0.62 <0.62Bromodichloromethane µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 <1.4 <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.28Bromoform µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.50 <1.0 <10 <2.0 <0.20 <0.20Bromomethane(Methly bromide)

µg/L <0.08 <0.08 0.68(tr) <0.08 6.2* <0.80 37(tr)* <1.6 0.96 (tr) <0.16

2-Butanone (MEK) µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.1(tr) 240 2200 4300 1400 3.8 (tr) <2.0n-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 NA <12 <2.4 <0.24 <0.24

129

sec-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 NA <12 <2.4 <0.24 <0.24tert-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 NA <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.28Carbon Disulfide µg/L <1.0 <1.0 1.1(tr) <1.0 <5.0 <10 <100 <20 <2.0 <2.0Carbon Tetrachloride µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.75 <1.5 <15 <3.0 <0.30 <0.30Chlorobenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 <1.2 <12 <2.4 0.67 (tr) 1.1 (tr)Chloroethane µg/L <0.34 <0.34 <0.34 <0.34 <1.7 <3.4 <34 <6.8 <0.68 26Chloroform µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 <1.2 <12 7.5 (tr) <0.24 <0.24Chloromethane(Methyl chloride)

µg/L <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <1.2 <2.5 <25 <5.0 1.6 (tr) <0.50

2-Chlorotoluene µg/L <0.26 <0.26 <0.26 <0.26 <1.3 NA <26 <5.2 <0.52 0.62 tr)4-Chlorotoluene µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.50 NA <10 <2.0 <0.20 <0.20Dibromochloromethane µg/L <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 <2.0 <4.0 <40 <8.0 <0.80 <0.801,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)

µg/L <0.22 <0.95 <0.95 <0.95 <4.8 <9.5 <95 <19 <1.9 <1.9

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) µg/L <0.22 <0.21 <0.22 <0.22 <1.1 <2.2 <22 <4.4 <0.44 <0.44Dibromomethane(Methly bromide)

µg/L <0.21 <0.21 <0.21 <0.21 <1.0 <2.1 <21 <4.2 <0.42 <0.42

1,2-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 <1.4 <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.281,3-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.55 NA <11 <2.2 <0.22 <0.221,4-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.65 <1.3 <13 <2.6 <0.26 <0.26trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <10 <100 <20 <2.0 <2.0Dichlorodifluoromethane(Freon 12)

µg/L <0.16 0.17(tr) 0.24(tr) <0.16 <0.80 NA <16 <3.2 <0.32 <0.32

1,1-Dichloroethane(1,1-DCA)

µg/L 0.77(tr) 0.50(tr) 0.77(tr) 0.54(tr) <0.50 <1.0 <10 <2.0 0.36 (tr) 0.55 (tr)

1,2-Dichloroethane(1,2-DCA)

µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <1.1 <2.2 <22 <4.4 <0.44 <0.44

1,1-Dichloroethene(1,1-DCE)

µg/L <0.36 <0.36 <0.36 <0.36 <1.8 <3.6 <36 <7.2 <0.72 <0.72

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene(cis-1,2-DCE)

µg/L 0.58(tr) 1.2 1.8 1.5 2.3(tr) 1.8(tr) <10 <2.0 <0.20 0.85 (tr)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene(trans-1,2-DCE)

µg/L <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.55 <1.1 <11 <2.2 <0.22 <0.22

1,2-Dichloropropane µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.75 <1.5 <15 <3.0 <0.30 <0.301,3-Dichloropropane µg/L <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <1.0 NA <20 <4.0 <0.40 <0.402,2 Dichloropropane µg/L <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.65 NA <13 <2.6 <0.26 <0.26

130

1,1-Dichloropropene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 NA <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.28cis-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <1.1 <2.2 <22 <4.4 <0.44 <0.44trans-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <1.5 <3.0 <30 <6.0 <0.60 <0.60Ethylbenzene µg/L <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <1.4 <2.7 <27 <5.4 <0.54 <0.54Hexachlorobutadiene µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <1.1 NA <22 <4.4 <0.44 <0.442-Hexanone(Methyl butyl ketone)

µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 26 <100 <20 <2.0 <2.0

Iodomethane (Methyliodide)

µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <10 <100 <20 <2.0 <2.0

Isopropylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 NA <12 <2.4 0.43 (tr) 1.0 (tr)p-Isopropyltoluene µg/L <0.13 <0.13 0.13(tr) <0.13 <0.65 NA <13 <2.6 <0.26 0.88 (tr)Methyl-tert-butyl ether(MTBE)

µg/L 14 10 16 6.3 44 76 150(tr) 110 8.7 10

4-Methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK)

µg/L 2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 100 520 1000 700 <2.0 <2.0

Methylene Chloride µg/L 1.5 <0.35 0.46(tr) <0.35 <1.8 <3.5 <35 <7.0 <0.70 <0.70Naphthalene µg/L <0.15 0.45(tr)* <0.15 <0.15 <0.75 NA <15 <3.0 <0.30 0.77 (tr)n-Propylbenzene µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.75 NA <15 <3.0 <0.30 <0.30Styrene µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.75 <30 <15 <3.0 <0.30 <0.301,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.50 <20 <10 <2.0 <0.20 <0.201,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <1.8 <74 <37 <7.4 <0.74 <0.74Tetrachloroethene (PCE) µg/L <0.38 0.84(tr) <0.38 <0.38 <1.9 <76 <38 <7.6 <0.76 <0.76Toluene µg/L 1.3* 0.98(tr) 2.9 0.44(tr) 8.3 <50 <25 24 <0.50 1.0 (tr)1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 NA <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.281,2,4-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <1.2 NA <23 <4.6 <0.46 <0.461,1,1-Trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA)

µg/L <0.41 <0.41 <0.41 <0.41 <2.0 <82 <41 <8.2 <0.82 <0.82

1,1,2-Trichloroethane(1,1,2-TCA)

µg/L <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <1.6 <62 <31 <6.2 <0.62 <0.62

Trichloroethene (TCE) µg/L 0.33(tr) 0.77(tr) <0.31 0.46(tr) <1.6 <62 <31 <6.2 <0.62 <0.62Trichlorofluoromethane(Freon 11)

µg/L <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <1.2 <46 <23 <4.6 <0.46 <0.46

1,2,3-Trichloropropane µg/L <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <1.5 <60 <30 <6.0 <0.60 <0.601,2,4-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.60 NA <12 <2.4 <0.24 <0.241,3,5-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <0.14 0.27(tr) <0.14 <0.14 <0.70 NA <14 <2.8 <0.28 <0.28Vinyl Acetate µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <200 <100 <20 <2.0 <2.0

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Vinyl Chloride µg/L <0.12 <0.12 0.30(tr) <0.12 <0.60 <24 <12 <2.4 <0.24 <0.24Total Xylenes µg/L <0.10 0.13 (tr) 0.30(tr) <0.10 <0.50 <20 <10 2.5 (tr) <0.20 0.46 (tr)Footnotes:NA=Not AnalyzedMDL=Method DetectionLimitPQL=PracticalQuantification Limit<=Less than the MDLtr=trace: the amount detected was above the MDL but below the PQL* = this parameter was alo detected in the method blank

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Table 4-6. Analytical Results for Leachate Sampled from the West-Side Anaerobic Cell

PARAMETER DATE: 2/14/2002 3/27/2002 5/14/2002 6/20/2002 7/23/2002 8/13/2002 2/26/2003 5/29/2003 6/26/2003

Field Parameters:Units

pH 6.74 6.76 6.8 6.72 6.85 6.71 6.87 6.72 6.66Electrical Conductivity µS 3530 3868 3851 3944 3899 3810 2320 2687 3056

Oxidation Reduction Potential mV -62 -59 -46 -19 -38 -36 -56 -33 -75Temperature C 24.9 25.9 26.2 25.2 25.7 26.9 22.1 29.3 30.4

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 3.15 1.09 1.54 1.31 3.62 2.6 3.18 1.06 1.55Total Dissolved Solids ppm 2617 2886 2871 2960 2965 2908 1703 1933 2227General Chemistry:

Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1700 1790 1780 1730 1710 1680 1000 1070 1210Carbonate Alkalinity mg/L <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1700 1790 1780 1730 1710 1680 1000 1070 1210BOD mg O/L 28 18 12 12 7.9 12 16 11 <6.0

Chemical Oxygen Demand mg O/L 350 317 300 274 270 262 98.1 82.5 102Chloride mg/L 187 323 333 358 341 366 196 263 345

Hydroxide mg/L <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Ammonia as N mg/L 20.3 20 23.5 21.2 23.8 25 9.5 10.3 13.7

Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L 0.016(tr) <0.015 <1.5 <0.03 <0.015 <0.015 0.022 (tr) <0.18 <0.09Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 32.6 68.9 31.1 31.5 31.4 31 13.8 15.7 19.1

Sulfate mg/L 1.7(tr) 1.5(tr) <10 0.80(tr) 2.2 0.75(tr) <0.70 3.4 (tr) <0.28Total Dissolved Solids @ 180 C mg/L 2220 2380 2320 2410 2310 2280 1320 1480 1700

Total (Non-Volatile) OrganicCarbon

mg/L 112 95.7 85.2 86.5 82.7 78.1 28.3 25.5 37.9

Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.13 1.6* 1.1 0.6 0.057 0.049(tr) <0.12 <0.12 <0.12Total Sulfide mg/L 0.033(tr) 0.015(tr) <0.014 <0.014 0.023 (tr) <0.014 <0.0093 <0.0093 <0.0093

Metals:Dissolved Aluminum mg/L 0.13(tr) <0.043 0.053(tr)* <0.043 <0.043 <0.043 <0.043 <0.043 <0.043Dissolved Antimony mg/L 0.0013(tr) 0.00091(tr) 0.00065(tr) 0.0006 (tr) 0.0008(tr) <0.031 0.00090 (tr) 0.00074 (tr) 0.00036 (tr)Dissolved Arsenic mg/L 0.27 0.02 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.01 0.012 0.012 0.0028Dissolved Barium mg/L 1.8 1.8 0.45 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.1 1 1.3

Dissolved Beryllium mg/L <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.00009 <0.000078 <0.00039 <0.000078

133

Dissolved Boron mg/L 3.2 3.5 18.9 NA 3.7 3.2 <0.000078 3.6 4.2Dissolved Cadmium mg/L <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.0031 <0.000074 <0.000074 <0.000074

Dissolvd Calcium mg/L 241 234 58.2 NA 231 193 108 115 131Dissolved Chromium mg/L 0.0088 0.0069 0.0064 0.0059 0.0054 0.0035(tr) 0.0019 (tr) 0.0033 0.0021

Dissolved Cobalt mg/L 0.0038 0.0043 0.003 0.0025 0.0025 <0.0074 0.0015 0.0039 (tr) 0.0021Dissolved Copper mg/L 0.0018(tr) 0.0022 0.0011(tr)* 0.002 0.0023 0.0035(tr) 0.002* 0.0018 (tr) 0.0035

Dissolved Iron mg/L 0.4 1.2 0.035(tr)* 1.9 0.59 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.064 (tr)Dissolved Lead mg/L 0.00024 (tr) 0.000066(tr) 0.000078(tr)* <0.000066 <0.000066 <0.000066 <0.000066 0.00026 (tr) <0.000066

Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 198 211 343 NA 217 185 123 143 162Dissolved Manganese mg/L 24.6 22.9 0.0062(tr) 21.4 19.3 15.9 10.9 9.8 11.3

Dissolved Mercury mg/L <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 <0.000049 0.000078(tr)*

<0.000064 0.000083 (tr) <0.000064

Dissolved Molybdenum mg/L <0.0046 <0.0046 0.044 <0.0046 <0.0046 <0.0046 <0.0046 0.0084 (tr) <0.0046Dissolved Nickel mg/L 0.042 0.053 0.052 0.047 0.046 0.041 0.018 0.026 0.027

Dissolved Potassium mg/L 55.2 48.3 58.6 NA 37.8 32.5 23.7 20.1 23.8Dissolved Phosphorus mg/L 0.28(tr) 0.14(tr) 1 NA <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12Dissolved Selenium mg/L <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 0.002 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017 <0.0017

Dissolved Silver mg/L <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.0032 <0.000030 <0.000030 <0.000030Dissolved Sodium mg/L 260 281 1500* NA 268 234 226 266 282

Dissolved Thallium mg/L <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034Dissolved Tin mg/L <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 <0.0014 0.048 (tr) 0.023 (tr)

Dissolved Vanadium mg/L 0.0056(tr) 0.0038(tr) 0.017(tr) <0.0032 <0.0032 <0.0032 <0.0032 <0.0032 <0.0032Dissolved Zinc mg/L 0.068 0.07 0.039 0.037 0.05 0.006(tr) 0.042 0.042 0.043

Volatile Organic Compounds:Acetone µg/L <50 28 22 22 14(tr)* 33 (tr) 13 (tr) 33 (tr) 15 (tr)

Acrylonitrile µg/L <500 <100 <100 <100 <50 <100 <50 <50 <50Benzene µg/L <6.5 3.3(tr)* 2.3(tr) <1.3 3.5(tr) 3.6(tr) 2.6 (tr) 2.4 (tr) 3.2 (tr)

Bromobenzene µg/L <9.0 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <0.90 NA <0.90 <0.90 <0.90Bromochloromethane µg/L <16 <3.1 <3.1 <3.1 <1.6 <3.1 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6

Bromodichloromethane µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 <1.4 <0.70 <0.70 <0.70Bromoform µg/L <5.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.50 <1.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Bromomethane (Methly bromide) µg/L <4.0 <0.80 <0.80 <0.80 4.6(tr)* <0.80 <0.40 <0.40 <0.402-Butanone (MEK) µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

n-Butylbenzene µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 NA <0.60 <0.60 <0.60sec-Butylbenzene µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 NA <0.60 <0.60 <0.60

134

tert-Butylbenzene µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 NA <0.70 <0.70 <0.70Carbon Disulfide µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Carbon Tetrachloride µg/L <7.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <0.75 <1.5 <0.75 <0.75 <0.75Chlorobenzene µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 <1.2 <0.60 <0.60 <0.60Chloroethane µg/L <17 <3.4 <3.4 <3.4 <1.7 <3.4 3.1 (tr) <1.7 2.8 (tr)Chloroform µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 <1.2 <0.60 <0.60 <0.60

Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) µg/L <12 <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <1.2 <2.5 <1.2 <1.2 <1.22-Chlorotoluene µg/L <13 <2.6 <2.6 <2.6 <1.3 NA <1.3 <1.3 <1.34-Chlorotoluene µg/L <5.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.50 NA <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Dibromochloromethane µg/L <20 <4.0 <4.0 <4.0 <2.0 <4.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.01,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane

(DBCP)µg/L <48 <9.5 <9.5 <9.5 <4.8 <9.5 <4.8 <4.8 <4.8

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) µg/L <11 <2.2 <2.2 <2.2 <1.1 <2.2 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1Dibromomethane(Methly bromide)

µg/L <10 <2.1 <2.1 <2.1 <1.0 <2.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

1,2-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 <1.4 <0.70 <0.70 <0.701,3-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <5.5 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1 <0.55 NA <0.55 <0.55 <0.551,4-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <6.5 <1.3 <1.3 <1.3 <0.65 <1.3 <0.65 <0.65 <0.65

trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon

12)µg/L <8.0 2.4(tr) 4.2(tr) <1.6 16 NA <0.80 <0.80 <0.80

1,1-Dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) µg/L <5.0 4.6(tr) 7.4(tr) 9.5(tr) 12 13 1.5 (tr) 2.9 (tr) 3.0 (tr)1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) µg/L <11 2.5(tr) 3.5(tr) 4.0 (tr) 4.8(tr) 5.8(tr) 4.0 (tr) 5.5 5.91,1-Dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) ug/L <18 <3.6 <3.6 <3.6 <1.8 <3.6 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE)

µg/L <5.0 2.3(tr) 1.9(tr) <1.0 3.3(tr) 3.5(tr) 3.7 (tr) 2.5 (tr) 2.6 (tr)

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene(trans-1,2-DCE)

µg/L <5.5 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1 <0.55 <1.1 <0.55 <0.55 <0.55

1,2-Dichloropropane µg/L <7.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <0.75 <1.5 <0.75 <0.75 <0.751,3-Dichloropropane µg/L <10 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <1.0 NA <1.0 <1.0 <1.02,2 Dichloropropane µg/L <6.5 <1.3 <1.3 <1.3 <0.65 NA <0.65 <0.65 <0.651,1-Dichloropropene µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 NA <0.70 <0.70 <0.70

cis-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L <11 <2.2 <2.2 <2.2 <1.1 <2.2 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1trans-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L <15 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <1.5 <3.0 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5

Ethylbenzene µg/L <14 <2.7 <2.7 <2.7 <1.4 <2.7 1.4 (tr) 1.4 (tr) 1.5 (tr)Hexachlorobutadiene µg/L <11 <2.2 <2.2 <2.2 <1.1 NA <1.1 <1.1 <1.1

135

2-Hexanone (Methyl butyl ketone) µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Iodomethane (Methyl iodide) µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Isopropylbenzene µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 NA <0.60 <0.60 <0.60p-Isopropyltoluene µg/L <6.5 <1.3 <1.3 <1.3 <0.65 NA <0.65 <0.65 <0.65

Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) µg/L 210 190 160 160 180 170 110 90 1304-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) µg/L 1200 19(tr) 52 <10 <5.0 26 7.1 (tr) 7.7 (tr) <5.0

Methylene Chloride µg/L <18 <3.5 <3.5 <3.5 2.1(tr) <3.5 <1.8 <1.8 2.3 (tr)Naphthalene µg/L <7.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <0.75 NA <0.75 <0.75 <0.75

n-Propylbenzene µg/L <7.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <0.75 NA <0.75 <0.75 <0.75Styrene µg/L <7.5 <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 <0.75 <1.5 <0.75 <0.75 <0.75

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <5.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.50 <1.0 <0.50 <0.50 <0.501,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <18 <3.7 <3.7 <3.7 <1.8 <3.7 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8Tetrachloroethene (PCE) µg/L <19 <3.8 <3.8 <3.8 <1.9 NA <1.9 <1.9 <1.9

Toluene µg/L 150* 42 20 22 22 20 14 7.6 6.61,2,3-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 NA <0.70 <0.70 <0.701,2,4-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <12 <2.3 <2.3 <2.3 <1.2 NA <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) µg/L <20 <4.1 <4.1 <4.1 <2.0 <4.1 <2.0 <2.0 <2.01,1,2-Trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) µg/L <16 <3.1 <3.1 <3.1 <1.6 <3.1 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6

Trichloroethene (TCE) µg/L <16 <3.1 <3.1 <3.1 <1.6 <3.1 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6Trichlorofluoromethane

(Freon 11)µg/L <12 <2.3 2.7(tr) <2.3 <1.2 <2.3 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2

1,2,3-Trichloropropane µg/L <15 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <1.5 <3.0 <1.5 <1.5 <1.51,2,4-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 NA <0.60 <0.60 <0.601,3,5-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <7.0 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <0.70 NA <0.70 <0.70 <0.70

Vinyl Acetate µg/L <50 <10 <10 <10 <5.0 <10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Vinyl Chloride µg/L <6.0 <1.2 <1.2 <1.2 <0.60 <1.2 2.3 (tr) <0.60 3.3 (tr)Total Xylenes µg/L <5.0 4.0(tr) 3.8(tr) <1.0 3.4(tr) 4.0(tr) 2.8 (tr) 2.1 (tr) 2.4 (tr)

Footnotes:NA=Not AnalyzedMDL=Method Detection LimitPQL=Practical QuantificationLimit<=Less than the MDLtr=trace: the amount detected was above the MDL but below the PQL* = this parameter was alo detected in the method blank

136

Table 5-7. Analytical Results for Leachate Sampled form the Aerobic Cell Manhole

PARAMETER DATE: 2/26/2002 3/27/2002 5/14/2002 5/29/2003Field Parameters: UnitspH 7.75 8.17 8.48 8.48Electrical Conductivity µS 7026 7705 9048 9426Oxidation Reduction Potential mV 195 195 127 201Temperature C 15.1 15.2 21.1 27.9Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.45 5.73 6.8 1.67Total Dissolved Solids ppm 5673 NA 7448 7686General Chemistry:Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L 1120 935 1020 1480Carbonate Alkalinity mg/L NA <5.0 24.8 34.6Total Alkalinity as CO3 mg/L 1120 935 1050 1510BOD mg O/L 3.3 5 89 35Chemical Oxygen Demand mg O/L 595 563 602 818Chloride mg/L 1610 1800 2290 1740Hydroxide mg/L <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0Ammonia as N mg/L 2.8 1.1 0.60(tr) 36Nitrate-Nitrite as N mg/L 0.16 0.22 4.8(tr) 4.8Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 19.9 19.2 11.1 69.1Sulfate mg/L 290 478 526 544Total Dissolved Solids @ 180 C mg/L 4810 5200 5640 6330Total (Non-Volatile)Organic Carbon

mg/L 766 149 168 215

Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.51 0.19 0.85* 1.2Total Sulfide mg/L <0.014 0.015(tr) <0.014 <0.0093Metals:Dissolved Aluminum mg/L <0.043 <0.043 0.082(tr)* <0.043Dissolved Antimony mg/L 0.002 0.0016(tr) 0.002 0.0037Dissolved Arsenic mg/L 0.012 0.015 0.017 0.027Dissolved Barium mg/L 0.43 0.54 1.9 0.54Dissolved Beryllium mg/L <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.000078 <0.00039Dissolved Boron mg/L NA 12.2 3.8 14.3Dissolved Cadmium mg/L 0.00013(tr) 0.00016(tr) 0.0062 0.00017 (tr)Dissolvd Calcium mg/L NA 57 257 46Dissolved Chromium mg/L 0.01 0.0062 0.0062 0.046Dissolved Cobalt mg/L 0.0095 0.0073 0.004 0.014Dissolved Copper mg/L 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.0090 (tr)Dissolved Iron mg/L 0.32 0.084(tr) 0.34 0.81Dissolved Lead mg/L 0.00026(tr) <0.000066 0.00061(tr) 0.0017Dissolved Magnesium mg/L 273 260 220 401Dissolved Manganese mg/L 1.1 0.77 23.9 0.29Dissolved Mercury mg/L <0.000049 0.000059 0.000074(tr) <0.000064Dissolved Molybdenum mg/L 0.026(tr) 0.033(tr) <0.0046 0.024 (tr)Dissolved Nickel mg/L 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.12Dissolved Potassium mg/L NA 66.1 47.8 165Dissolved Phosphorus mg/L NA 0.47 <0.312 1.2Dissolved Selenium mg/L <0.0085 0.0034 0.0053 0.0038Dissolved Silver mg/L <0.00003 <0.00003 <0.00003 0.000043 (tr)

137

Dissolved Sodium mg/L NA 1260 284 1430Dissolved Thallium mg/L <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034 <0.00034Dissolved Tin mg/L <0.022 <0.022 <0.022 0.042 (tr)Dissolved Vanadium mg/L 0.023(tr) 0.018(tr) <0.0032 0.033 (tr)Dissolved Zinc mg/L 0.027* 0.032 0.018 0.057Volatile Organic Compounds:Acetone µg/L 12 23 8.8 59Acrylonitrile µg/L <10 <10 <10 <10Benzene µg/L 0.43(tr)* 0.27(tr)* 0.17(tr) 0.88 (tr)Bromobenzene µg/L <0.18 <0.18 <0.18 <0.18Bromochloromethane µg/L <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31Bromodichloromethane µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14Bromoform µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10Bromomethane (Methlybromide)

µg/L <0.08 <0.08 0.23(tr) 0.72 (tr)

2-Butanone (MEK) µg/L 2.5 <1.0 <0.12 5n-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12sec-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12tert-Butylbenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14Carbon Disulfide µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0Carbon Tetrachloride µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15Chlorobenzene µg/L 2 2.8 0.23(tr) 4.8Chloroethane µg/L <0.34 <0.34 <0.34 <0.34Chloroform µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12Chloromethane (Methylchloride)

µg/L <0.25 0.46(tr) 0.33(tr) 3.9

2-Chlorotoluene µg/L <0.26 0.31(tr) <0.26 <0.264-Chlorotoluene µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10Dibromochloromethane µg/L <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 <0.401,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane(DBCP)

µg/L <0.95 <0.95 <0.95 <0.95

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.22Dibromomethane (Methlybromide)

µg/L <0.21 <0.21 <0.21 <0.21

1,2-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.141,3-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.111,4-Dichlorobenzene µg/L <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.13trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon12)

µg/L 0.27(tr) <0.16 <1.0 <0.16

1,1-Dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) µg/L 0.32(tr) 0.16(tr) <0.10 <0.101,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.221,1-Dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) µg/L <0.36 <0.36 <0.36 <0.36cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE)

µg/L 0.38(tr) 0.20(tr) <0.10 <0.10

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene (trans-1,2-DCE)

µg/L <0.11 <0.11 <0.11 <0.11

1,2-Dichloropropane µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.151,3-Dichloropropane µg/L <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.202,2 Dichloropropane µg/L <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.131,1-Dichloropropene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14cis-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L 0.38(tr) <0.22 <0.22 <0.22

138

trans-1,3-Dichloropropene µg/L <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.30Ethylbenzene µg/L <0.27 <0.27 <0.27 <0.27Hexachlorobutadiene µg/L <0.22 <0.22 <0.22 <0.222-Hexanone (Methyl butylketone)

µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Iodomethane (Methyl iodide) µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0Isopropylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12p-Isopropyltoluene µg/L <0.13 <0.13 <0.13 <0.13Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) µg/L 3 <1.0 1.3(tr) <1.04-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) µg/L 3.8 <1.0 3.3 1.7 (tr)Methylene Chloride µg/L 0.35(tr) <0.35 <0.35 <0.35Naphthalene µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15n-Propylbenzene µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15Styrene µg/L <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.151,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.101,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane µg/L <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37Tetrachloroethene (PCE) µg/L 0.67(tr) 0.60(tr) 0.88(tr) <0.38Toluene µg/L 0.35(tr) 0.27(tr)* <0.25 <0.251,2,3-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.141,2,4-Trichlorobenzene µg/L <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <0.231,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA)

µg/L <0.41 <0.41 <0.41 <0.41

1,1,2-Trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA)

µg/L <0.31 <0.31 <0.31 <0.31

Trichloroethene (TCE) µg/L 1.6 0.83(tr) <0.31 <0.31Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon11)

µg/L <0.23 <0.23 <0.23 <0.23

1,2,3-Trichloropropane µg/L <0.30 <0.30 <0.30 <0.301,2,4-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.121,3,5-Trimethylbenzene µg/L <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 <0.14Vinyl Acetate µg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0Vinyl Chloride µg/L <0.12 <0.12 <0.12 <0.12Total Xylenes µg/L 0.34(tr) 0.10(tr) <0.10 1.2Footnotes:NA=Not AnalyzedMDL=Method Detection LimitPQL=Practical Quantification Limit<=Less than the MDLtr=trace: the amount detected was above the MDL but below the PQL* = this parameter was alo detected in the method blank

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FULL SCALE BIOREACTOR LANDFILL FOR CARBON ...Reporting Period Start Date: April 1, 2003 Reporting Period End Date: June 30, 2003 Principal Author(s) Ramin Yazdani, Senior Civil Engineer,