1
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Pacific Biosciences, the Pacific Biosciences logo, PacBio, SMRT, SMRTbell and Iso-Seq are trademarks of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © 2015 Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2. (A) Phylogeny of monoclonal antibodies showing progressive divergence from unmutated common ancestor (UCA). MPI = Months Post- Infection. (B) Computational prediction of PG9-like V1/V2 apex epitope from heterologous neutralization data. (C) PG9 docked into trimer, showing region of contact. We developed a Pacific Biosciences single molecule, real-time sequencing protocol to deeply sequence full- length env from HIV RNA, and a bioinformatics pipeline to analyze such sequences. We longitudinally examined env populations (12 time points) from a subtype A infected individual from the IAVI primary infection cohort (Protocol C) who developed bNAbs (Serum ID50>50 for 62% of a diverse panel of 105 viruses) targeting the V1/V2 region. Full-Length env Deep Sequencing in a Donor With Broadly Neutralizing V1/V2 Antibodies Ben Murrell 1 , Melissa Laird 2 , Elise Landais 3 , Caroline Ignacio 1 , Kemal Eren 1 , Pham Phung 4 , Ellen E. Paxinos 2 , Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond 1 , Douglas D. Richman 1 , Pascal Poignard 3 , Davey M. Smith 1 1 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; 2 Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, United States. 3 The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA, United States; 4 Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA, United States. Understanding the co-evolution of HIV populations and broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) lineages may inform vaccine design. Novel long-read, next-generation sequencing methods allow, for the first time, full-length deep sequencing of HIV env populations. Introduction V2 Epitope Kinetics Objective Ben Murrell, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0679 San Diego, CA 92093 E-mail: [email protected] Methods HIV-1 env Phylogeny Figure 3. Phylogeny of HIV env SMRT sequences collected from PC64 at 12 visits, compared to previously generated clonal sequences (grey boxes). Sequences with >99% similarity were collapsed, and such clusters are represented by black circles. Conclusions HIV-1 env Longitudinal Selection Pressure Antibodies 00 02 03 06 09 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 MPI MPI Cluster Size 3000 2000 1000 Clonal Sequences 100 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 80 60 40 20 0 -20 mAb concentration (ug/mL) % Neutralization MRCA WT MRCA R166S V6_C022 WT V6_C022 S166R MRCA WT MRCA R169II V12_C018 WT V12_C018 I169R Extract viral RNA cDNA Generation PCR screen Iterative PCR SMRTbell™ Preparation Align Primers/Bind Polymerase SMRT ® Sequencing Full-length Envelope Analysis (FLEA) Days 1'5 Day 6 Figure 1. Streamlined end-to-end workflow for the isolation, amplification, preparation, sequencing and analysis of full-length HIV env amplicons. V36-10496-A9_42H1_BB V24-11444-O12_66H0_BB V24-11441-F08_64H0_BB V36-10526_O08_28H0_TH V36-10481_P08_23H0_TH V36-10463-K13_39H0_TH V12-11691-E14_45H1_BB V36-10515-K05_33H0_BB V36-10552_F12_29H0_TH V36-10540-P03_44H0_BB V18-11483-P16_53H1_BB V12-11691-K17_46H0_BB V18-11492-F18_55H0_BB V36-10491_B19_34H0_TH V36-10512-J15_S182_Minority_HC V36-10588-O08_32H0_BB V36-10482_F16_35H0_TH V36-10559_N23_30H0_TH V12-11691-N23_47H1_BB V18-11522-I02_58H0_BB V18-11504-F11_56H0_BB V36-10521_O05_26H0_TH V36-10502_I02_24H0_TH V24-11424-D18_59H0_BB V36-10519_H05_38H0_TH V24-11424-M03_61H0_BB V12-11697-A10_49H0_BB V24-11428-H17_62H0_BB V36-10559-N23_30H0_BB V36-10515_K05_33H0_TH V36-10588_O08_32H0_TH V36-10588-O8_S221_clust3_546_0.992565 V18-11491-O04_54H1_BB V24-11441-I20_65H0_BB PC64_VHGL_BBds V12-11697-D15_50H0_BB V12-11694-G14_48H1_BB V36-10540-P3_S196_clust1_524_0.98665 V18-11505-H16_57H0_BB V36-10467-L22_21H0_TH V36-10488-L17_41H0_BB V36-10532_D06_27H0_TH V12-11702-C19_52H0_BB V36-10488_L17_25H0_TH V36-10505-H04_43H0_BB V24-11424-I09_60H0_BB V24-11438-N14_63H0_BB V12-11700-N17_51H0_BB UCA 12 18 24 36 MPI PG9[1] gp120 gp41 Env HC LC Details : Predicted from IC50s against 105 heterologous viruses Novel machine learning algorithm MCMC on P(IC50|Sequences) PC64101(21H0): PG9-like V1/V2 Apex (A) (B) (C) Functional Characterization (A) 00-02 MPI 02-03 MPI 03-06 MPI 06-09 MPI 09-12 MPI 12-18 MPI 18-24 MPI 24-30 MPI 30-36 MPI 36-42 MPI 42-48 MPI Combined Positive Purifying Positive Purifying Figure 5. Figure 6. (A) Neutralization of PC64 autologous pseudoviruses by a PC64V36 mAb (B) Color-coded decrease in neutralization IC50 for single aa JRCSF mutant pseudovirus (AlaScan) compared to wildtype by PC64V36 mAbs, displayed on trimer structure [2] . (A) (B) Figure 6. Selection at sites and over time. For each pair of contiguous samples, strength of selection was inferred using FUBAR [3] , plotted from purifying selection (blue) to positive selection (red). As early as 3 to 6 MPI, strong positive selection can be seen at the trimer apex. Longitudinal full-length HIV env deep sequencing allows: Accurate phylogenetic inference Detailed view of epitope escape dynamics Synthesis of observed Env proteins for functional characterization In PC64, concurrent epitope diversity (3-12 MPI) immediately preceded the development of heterologous serum activity. Waves of sequential escape preceded rapid breadth increases. 160 181 166 167 169 Epitope Positions References This research was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (AI090970, AI100665, AI036214, U01GM110749, GM093939), and the UCSD Center for AIDS Research (Developmental Grant, AI36214, Bioinformatics and Information Technologies Core) [1] McLellan, J.S., et al. (2013). Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9. Nature. [2] Pancera, M., et al. (2014)., Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env. Nature. [3] Murrell, B. et al. (2013). FUBAR: A Fast, Unconstrained Bayesian AppRoximation for inferring selection. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Figure 4. (A) V2/apex epitope configurations, comprising residues of interest for the primary antibody lineage. Colors serve as a key for the frequency curves in (B), where concurrent epitope diversity (3-12 MPI) is followed by sequential selective sweeps. (C) Serum breadth and viral load over time, showing initial development of heterologous neutralization after a period of dramatic concurrent diversity at the apex, followed by increases in breadth that may be a response to viral selective sweeps. NRNRI 181 169 167 166 160 HXB2#: AA: NRNRL NRNIL NRDRL NSNRL NSNRI NRDIL NKDIL DRDIL NSDKL NKDTL NKDEL (B) Frequency 0 10 20 30 40 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Serum Breadth 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 Viral Load 106 105 104 103 102 (C) Months Post-Infection Months Post-Infection Colors match curves

Full-Length env Deep Sequencing in a Donor With Broadly

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Page 1: Full-Length env Deep Sequencing in a Donor With Broadly

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Pacific Biosciences, the Pacific Biosciences logo, PacBio, SMRT, SMRTbell and Iso-Seq are trademarks of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © 2015 Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 2. (A) Phylogeny of monoclonal antibodies showing progressive divergence from unmutated common ancestor (UCA). MPI = Months Post-Infection. (B) Computational prediction of PG9-like V1/V2 apex epitope from heterologous neutralization data. (C) PG9 docked into trimer, showing region of contact.

We developed a Pacific Biosciences single molecule, real-time sequencing protocol to deeply sequence full-length env from HIV RNA, and a bioinformatics pipeline to analyze such sequences. We longitudinally examined env populations (12 time points) from a subtype A infected individual from the IAVI primary infection cohort (Protocol C) who developed bNAbs (Serum ID50>50 for 62% of a diverse panel of 105 viruses) targeting the V1/V2 region.

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V09_26_CONS_1

V36_1834_CONS_1

V36_5512_CONS_1

V36_9281_CONS_22

E12_162013_c032

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V18_2067

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V18_8082_CONS_1

V48_66

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V12_4552_CONS_1

V12_4448_C

ONS

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V18_6978_CON

S_1

V36_5561_CONS_7

V24_2393_CONS

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V48_8474_CON

S_39

V48_2932_CONS_34

V18_7154_CONS_1

V48_1961_CO

NS_1

V18_8660_CONS_1

V12_4542_C

ONS

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V36_898_CONS_2

V06_7253_CONS_2

V18_6518_CON

S_80

V24_485_CONS_1

V06_2393_CONS_1

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V30_3008_CONS_159

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V48_2692_C

ONS_1

V42_3219_CONS

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V36_3006_CONS_6

V24_1117_CONS_1

V24_3231_C

ONS_2

V30_2239_CONS_1

V30_5051_CONS_10

V12_1783_C

ONS

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V02_2734_CONS_1V24_4317_CONS_1

V36_2464_CONS_112

V36_2990_CONS_6

V06_6936_CONS_1

V18_186_CO

NS_1

V36_497_CO

NS_1

V48_3251_CONS_1

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V18_4287

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V18_4300_CONS_1

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V36_10027_CONS_22

V09_1147_CONS_5

V48_3662_CON

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V18_9670_CONS

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V30_2615_CONS_2

V48_5914_CONS_10

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V18_105_CONS_1

V36_6617_CONS_1

V12_4514_C

ONS

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V06_2967_CONS_1

V06_1891_CONS_2

V18_8117_C

ONS

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V03_5351_CONS_1

V36_5690_CONS_1

V42_708_CO

NS_7

V12_4529_CONS_3

V36_4108_CONS_1

V48_1

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V48_1822_CON

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V06_4404_CONS_1

V12_2612_CONS_1

V06_146_CONS_1

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V48_2250_CONS_4

V06_3782_CONS_1

V18_6469

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V48_6506

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V06_1678_CONS_1

V06_4970_CONS_1V18_66

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V18_7368

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V06_1348_CONS_1

V18_1638_CONS_1

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V48_4984_CO

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V36_4341_CONS_13

V06_7_CONS_20

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V42_66

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V12_2421_CONS_2587

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V18_6929_CONS

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V18_97

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V24_3452_CONS

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V30_2163_CONS_23

V42_5096_CONS

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V02_4314_CONS_1901

V06_5332_CONS_1

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V24_3839_CO

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V24_5319_CONS_1

V36_9440_CONS_117

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NS_3

V18_3665_CON

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V18_840

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V18_3

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V06_2181_CONS_1

V18_231_CONS_1

V48_3135_CONS_1

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V09_1093_CONS_1

V36_5046_CONS_1

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V48_5684_CON

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V36_5080_CONS_1

V36_5872_CONS_2

V36_8797_CONS_1

V36_3348_CONS_1

V24_4955_CONS_3

V06_1990_CONS_1

V18_3844_C

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V18_2988_CONS_6254

V12_2469_CONS_1

V48_3739_CONS_5

V24_4912_CONS_9

V03_277_CONS_1

V24_2256_CONS_864

V48_1298_CONS_1

V18_9661_CON

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V30_71_CONS_8

V36_9571_CONS_407

V42_4220_C

ONS

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V12_326_CONS_1

V24_2816_CONS_5

V42_3742_C

ONS

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V18_3530_C

ONS

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V36_6938_CONS_9

V18_9284_C

ONS

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V24_2188_C

ONS_42

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V18_8304_CON

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V06_5046_CONS_1

V06_1293_CONS_1

V30_1206_CONS_28

V30_239_CONS_1

V18_3

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V30_2642_CONS_7

V18_2997_CON

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V06_1657_CONS_1

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V36_2619_CONS_1

V18_5580_CONS_1

V48_1427_CONS_1

V06_5178_CONS_1

V18_7671_C

ONS

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V48_2725_C

ONS_1

V42_5310_CON

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V48_1003_CONS_9

V36_3406_CONS_58

V36_10790_CONS_3

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NS_1

V09_282_CONS_1

V42_39

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NS_14

V18_5045_C

ONS

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V36_1255_CONS_1

V36_2353_CONS_1

V42_3347_C

ONS

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V48_4089

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V18_4769_CON

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V30_1121_CONS_1

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V18_4450_CON

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V48_772_CONS_1

V24_116_CONS_1

V48_5786_CON

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V48_8380_CONS_22

V36_9349_CONS_7

V48_1910_C

ONS_1

V18_2

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V18_7453_CONS_1

V42_19

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NS_1

V18_703

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V36_3096_CONS_29

V30_3917_CONS_32

V30_4009_CONS_7

V12_731_CONS_1

V06_5927_CONS_1

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V42_27

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V24_4516_CON

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V18_5150_CONS_1

V36_10617_CONS_2

V30_3110_CONS_1

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V18_1125_CONS

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V18_1039_CON

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V18_2295_CON

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V36_8376_C

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V30_2631_CONS_3

V30_3763_CONS_1

V36_7120_CONS_7

V36_4629_CONS_1

V48_2

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V48_3407_CONS

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V18_24

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V24_3800_CONS_9

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V12_714_CO

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V24_122_CONS_1

V48_7507_CON

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V09_510_CONS_1

V06_7085_CONS_1

V24_1273_CONS_1

V18_4594_CONS_1

V48_177_C

ONS_2

V24_4393_CONS_1

V48_7676_CON

S_1

V48_4045_CO

NS_1

V42_1663_CON

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V48_996_CONS_1

V03_623_CONS_1

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V18_6126_CON

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V12_4489_C

ONS

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V24_2479_C

ONS_3

V30_6473_CONS_9

V36_5535_CONS_46

V24_4862_CONS_2

V12_3519_CONS_1

V06_6858_CONS_1

V06_581_CONS_1

V18_3320

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V18_8169_C

ONS

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V12_3011_CONS_1

V18_437_CONS_1

V48_8279_CON

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V30_4062_CONS_3

V36_1840_C

ONS

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V09_987_CONS_1

V18_6488_CONS_1

V36_2928_C

ONS

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V06_3302_CONS_4

V36_563_CONS_1

V18_5440_CONS

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V18_1061_C

ONS

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V06_4711_CONS_1

V36_7685_CONS_1

V36_1118_CONS_10

V18_7

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V30_4710_CONS_1

V30_4598_CONS_2

V18_14

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NS_1

V12_1552_CONS_1

V09_390_CONS_3

V12_1806_CONS_158

V06_5430_CONS_1

V09_1303_CONS_1

V12_2925_CONS_1V1

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ONS

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V18_5224_CONS_1

V48_7415_CONS_1

V24_958_CONS_1

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V02_3709_CONS_74

V06_1449_CONS_1

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V30_5413_CONS_2

V18_37

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V36_4054_CONS_1

V48_110

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V12_2508_CONS_1

V42_954_CO

NS_2

V48_1

190_CONS_2

V09_31_CONS_1

V12_2775_CONS_2

V42_28

1_CON

S_1

V24_2999_CON

S_14

V42_3106_C

ONS

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V06_5526_CONS_1

V12_2043_CONS_1

V18_5378_CONS

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V18_648_CO

NS_1

V18_5390_CON

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V42_42

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V12_4046_CONS_35

V48_753_CONS_2

V24_2039_CONS

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V09_732_CONS_1

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V24_2281_CON

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V24_555_CONS_11

V09_928_CONS_1

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V03_4786_CONS_1

V09_1131_CONS_189

V18_7718_CON

S_1

V03_3721_CONS_1

V36_6532_C

ONS

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V18_83

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V06_6663_CONS_1V06_3911_CONS_1

V06_7271_CONS_1

V06_4299_CONS_1

V18_4635_C

ONS

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V18_49

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S_2

V24_2043_CONS_2

V36_9332_CONS_1

V18_9664_CONS_1

V12_3721_C

ONS

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V42_4348_CONS_211

V48_77_CONS_1

V24_609_CONS_5

V18_1622_CON

S_2

V18_914_CO

NS_4

V06_5209_CONS_1

V36_146_CONS_1

V48_7254_CONS_1

E12_161997_058

V06_5971_CONS_1

V06_5553_CONS_1

V48_2972

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V12_3286_CONS_97

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V24_3362_CONS_1

V06_5619_CONS_1

V18_7577_CONS

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V48_7964_CONS_1

V12_2879_CONS_1

V24_2463_C

ONS_1

V09_1839_CONS_4

V18_5191_C

ONS_6

V42_3010_CON

S_2

V06_7285_CONS_2

V12_3540_CONS_4

V30_4714_CONS_1

V48_6902_CONS_3

V09_1078_CONS_1

V48_470_CONS_1128

V24_2561_CONS_2

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V06_2099_CONS_1

V48_6037_CON

S_7

V18_1108_CONS_1

V24_779_CONS_14

V24_2789_CONS

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V48_5883_CONS_4

V18_8932_CONS_1

V36_3187_CONS_1

V48_8368_CO

NS_1

V42_12

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NS_1

V12_2654_C

ONS_492

V18_2672_CONS_3

V03_3620_CONS_1

V42_5018_CONS_2

V48_6522_CONS_9

V36_4783_C

ONS

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V48_484

0_CONS

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V42_33

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V30_3070_CONS_4

V18_6

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V42_4211_CONS_2

V18_3597_CONS_1

V18_5030_CON

S_1

V36_8813_CONS_1

V42_1766_CONS_2

V48_6018_

CONS_1

V06_5413_CONS_39

V48_1431_CONS_3

V30_5958_CONS_37

V48_2092_CONS_5

V48_7587_CONS_1

V09_1708_CONS_1

V18_6711_C

ONS

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V48_3521_CONS_3

V03_5291_CONS_1

V18_3050

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V30_22_CONS_27

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V30_649_CONS_1

V06_328_CONS_1

V48_3678

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V18_902_CO

NS_1

V18_7970_CONS_1

E12_161994_c001

V06_6658_CONS_1

V06_5395_CONS_1

V24_5322_CONS_2

V18_79

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V48_7066_CON

S_1

V24_2624_CONS_1

V48_1276_CONS_6

V12_524_CONS_1

V30_3156_CONS_1

V18_9522_C

ONS

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V24_977_CONS_1

V24_3582_C

ONS_1

V24_4456_CONS_10

V06_312_CONS_1

V06_5291_CONS_1

V36_4819_CONS_1

V18_300_CONS_1

V06_6336_CONS_1

V48_7650_CONS_17

V42_624_CO

NS_26

V24_2979_CONS_19

V36_10727_CONS_1

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V03_2295_CONS_1

V12_422_CONS_3

V18_3016

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V18_3421_CON

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V18_4664_C

ONS

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V18_9091_C

ONS

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V06_2636_CONS_1

V12_1866_C

ONS

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V24_1081_CONS_25

V06_3627_CONS_1

V12_1966_CONS_2

V24_5067_CONS_9

V36_3298_CONS_1

V24_1708_CONS_1

V06_4663_CONS_157

V06_4694_CONS_3

E12_162002_c031

V48_6289_CONS_1

V48_6882_CONS_1

V18_88

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V30_5095_CONS_1V24_2924_CONS_2

V18_8791_CONS

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V18_31

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V36_1892_CONS_3

V18_24

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V42_4647_C

ONS

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V06_15_CONS_1

V48_2499_CONS_18

V18_3

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V09_2635_CONS_1

V48_6

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V36_1411_CONS_44

V42_4294_CONS

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V09_1562_CONS_1

V09_2263_CONS_1

V42_5262_CONS_1

V18_735_CO

NS_4

V03_1018_CONS_1

V18_7336_CON

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V42_1

301_CONS_14

V18_4

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V48_6017

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V03_5239_CONS_4

V06_4618_CONS_2V09_1035_CONS_1

V42_2029_CON

S_2

V18_7740

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V24_1171_CONS_2

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V30_6288_CONS_4

V18_1065_CON

S_1

V42_43

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V24_34_CO

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V03_5660_CONS_1

V09_2414_CONS_1

V24_3608_C

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V36_6844_CONS_25

V06_4808_CONS_87

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V42_3212_CONS_1

V42_20

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V24_3144_CONS_3

V36_3190_CONS_27

V06_549_CONS_1

V24_4050_CONS_2

V36_8418_CONS_3

V42_10

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V36_2442_CONS_1

V42_4875_C

ONS

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V36_1374_CONS_85

V36_74_CONS_1

V48_7795_CON

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V48_1668_CONS_3

V42_5377_CONS

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V06_758_CONS_2

V48_4179_CONS_1

V42_4803_CONS

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V42_3590_CONS_3

V18_6955_CON

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V36_1086_CONS_1

V18_2574_CON

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V09_500_CONS_6

V36_6110_CONS_1

V36_773_CO

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V06_4596_CONS_1

V36_5814_CONS_17

V48_2853_C

ONS

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V18_5231_CONS_1

V06_4961_CONS_1

V42_3348_C

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V36_9446_CONS_1

V36_7013_CONS_1

V18_33

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V36_597_CONS_5

V36_10836_CONS_1

V42_1088_CONS_16

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V48_2081

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V48_5771_CON

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V24_2049_CONS_1

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V48_2658_C

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ONS

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V48_7733_C

ONS_24

V18_942_CO

NS_27

V24_2888_CONS_2

V06_5407_CONS_1

V06_892_CONS_3

V36_4123_CONS_22

V06_4503_CONS_1

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V06_1107_CONS_1

V09_36_CONS_1

V36_3925_CONS_8

V18_3297_CON

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V48_5348_CONS_5

V30_3579_CONS_3

V36_4275_CONS_2

V06_3500_CONS_1

V36_2091_CONS_1

V42_6641_CONS_1

V24_4582_CONS_3

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V24_4384_CONS_2

V36_4824_CONS_11

V30_4127_CONS_24

V30_1416_CONS_1

V30_2782_CONS_154

V48_4176_C

ONS

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V42_41

00_CONS_7

V18_6962_CONS_15

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V12_4440_CONS_1

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ONS

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V18_69

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NS_2

V18_1791_CON

S_1

V18_6663_CONS

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V30_3550_CONS_2

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NS_9

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ONS

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V30_1712_CONS_9V48

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E12_162002_c021

V18_7502_CON

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NS_1

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V48_3696_CON

S_1

E12_162011_c038

V18_9

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ONS_10

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E12_162000_c005

V42_402_CO

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V12_3089_C

ONS

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V06_1428_CONS_1

E12_162004_c036

V36_1970_CONS_1

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V48_3613

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V12_3641_C

ONS

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V48_3738_C

ONS_1

E12_162001_011

V18_8722_CON

S_5

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E12_162004_c01

1

V36_10755_CONS_51

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E12_16

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V36_6406_CONS_3

V42_740_CO

NS_1

V12_2308_CONS_8

V09_1399_CONS_1

V48_3864

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V36_8233_C

ONS

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V48_5741

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V12_4462_C

ONS

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V02_251_CONS_1

V42_579_CO

NS_34

V09_2009_CONS_4

V48_3912_CON

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V00_889_CONS_1

E12_162001_c013

V03_1426_CONS_1V03_3759_CONS_1

V12_3941_CONS_1

V09_2086_CONS_1321

V36_11055_CONS_1

V18_7637_C

ONS

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V18_7427_CONS_34

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V09_984_CONS_1

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V42_5476_C

ONS

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V48_2694_CONS_76

V03_167_CONS_1

V48_7665_CON

S_1

V00_546_CONS_2

V12_2332_CONS_2

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V24_736_CONS

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E12_162013_c021

V48_2229_CON

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V36_8600_CONS_52

V18_4421_CON

S_1

V24_794_CONS_2

V36_10570_CONS_2

V36_10093_CONS_1

V48_42_C

ONS_2

V30_923_CONS_15

V06_5474_CONS_1

V18_9444_C

ONS

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ONS

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V24_4914_CONS_1

V36_6145_CONS_22

V42_6179_CON

S_17

V48_1

867_CONS_1

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NS_1

V03_3220_CONS_172

V06_6871_CONS_33

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V06_1341_CONS_1

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V18_5256_C

ONS

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V30_3270_CONS_1

V48_3328_CONS_1

V36_9434_CONS_3V36_1597_CONS_6

V42_21

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NS_12

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ONS_14

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V48_4302_C

ONS_1

V48_580

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V48_5330_CONS_2

V48_4636_CON

S_2

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V30_142_CONS_1

E12_1

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V12_2333_CONS_11

V30_1085_CONS_15

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V18_33

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V42_55

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V36_9688_CONS_4V48_4

443_CONS_

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V18_4254_CON

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V18_37

07_CON

S_5

V36_8119_C

ONS_19

V24_4676_CONS_1

V30_6537_CONS_53

V12_3859_C

ONS

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V48_6821

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V36_2543_CONS_7

V42_1909_C

ONS

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V48_8514_CONS_94

V06_647_CONS_1

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V18_10

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NS_1

V36_8945_CONS_14

V42_4738_C

ONS

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V48_7370_CONS_1

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V24_3448_C

ONS_7

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V18_63

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NS_1

E12_162006_c012

V36_1489_CONS_1

V06_3612_CONS_1

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V42_3435_CONS

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V48_4110_CONS_16

V48_4902_CONS_1

V48_5117_CONS_1V42_4391_CONS

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V09_898_CONS_1

V18_6935_CON

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V48_7847_CON

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E12_161997_c044

V18_3976_CONS_1

V12_4192_CONS_9

V48_3341_CONS_1

V36_10924_CONS_1

V12_2078_CONS_8

V12_3410_C

ONS

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V24_5242_CONS_3

V36_2004_CONS_2

V36_4556_CONS_1

V30_4733_CONS_25V24_3634_CONS_8

V36_8175_CONS_1

V36_2780_C

ONS

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V06_5774_CONS_1V06_5077_CONS_1

V06_5155_CONS_1

V48_2681_CONS_3

V42_3974_C

ONS

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V06_4234_CONS_1

V18_9838_C

ONS

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V30_4698_CONS_2

V12_3498_CONS_1

V42_489_CONS_1

V12_1814_CONS_1

V18_4894_CON

S_2

V48_1446

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V42_1457_CONS_2

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V06_3086_CONS_1

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V48_1647_CONS_12

V12_3224_C

ONS_39

V36_11027_CONS_2

V48_6115_CONS_1

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V42_2254_C

ONS

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V48_4825_CONS_20

V48_7

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V18_1462_CON

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V30_5312_CONS_5

V42_53

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NS_1

V42_4777_C

ONS

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V48_3794_C

ONS

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E12_162004_c006

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V36_4925_CONS_11

V36_943_CONS_1

V30_1368_CONS_13

V09_1751_CONS_1

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V24_2589_CONS_4

V18_6591_CONS_1

V06_4975_CONS_1

V30_504_CONS_44

V42_6213_C

ONS

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V24_5082_CONS

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V36_10355_CONS_6

V06_4664_CONS_1

V36_6039_CONS_66

V06_2726_CONS_1

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V30_5155_CONS_44

E12_162006_033

V18_4

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V42_42

88_CON

S_146

V30_3223_CONS_1

E12_162009_043

V12_4405_CONS_2

V18_48

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V42_4382_CONS

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V12_4094_C

ONS

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V30_121_CONS_3

V30_5007_CONS_2

V42_25

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V36_10072_CONS_2

V36_6289_CONS_1

V42_2523_CON

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V18_9389_CON

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V48_714_CO

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V42_3295_CONS_2

V42_1399_CONS_1

V02_1456_CONS_1

V24_5291_C

ONS_1

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V24_3976_C

ONS_1

V06_3651_CONS_1

V06_6964_CONS_3517

V24_2113_C

ONS_23

V24_4913_CONS_1

V18_58

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S_9

V18_3040_CONS

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V09_2323_CONS_1

V48_7782_

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V24_3411_CONS_47 V06_5964_CONS_1

V24_3880_C

ONS_18

V06_4940_CONS_1

V12_1854_CONS_2

V02_1337_CONS_1

V42_3597_CONS_2

V42_46

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V48_8223_C

ONS_1

V18_4395_CONS_1

V36_9461_CONS_1

V06_7214_CONS_1V12_1295_CONS_4

V09_2338_CONS_4

V18_2

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V42_2965_CON

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V06_6643_CONS_1

V42_1458_CONS

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V18_2083_CON

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V36_10807_CONS_5V36_4226_CONS_8

V48_2894_CONS_7

V24_2582_CON

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V48_6

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V18_4070

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V36_10001_CONS_3

E12_162001_c004

V06_3774_CONS_2E12_1620

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V30_5801_CONS_1

V42_6204_CON

S_1

E12_161994_c007

V48_7278_C

ONS_3

V24_1658_CONS_1

V18_4214_CONS_70V1

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V36_4608_CONS_1

V48_4520_CONS_1

V06_5070_CONS_1

V03_125_CONS_1V03_4436_CONS_3

V24_4940_CONS_5

V48_6875_CONS_1

V12_1888_CONS_1

V06_2345_CONS_1

V12_4509_CONS_1

V48_3522_C

ONS

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V18_2977

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V12_2117_CONS_42

V36_9711_CONS_2

E12_162000_c026

V48_1308

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V18_4553_C

ONS

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V36_617_CONS_4

V36_10846_CONS_2

V18_8

004_CONS_1

V24_4848_CO

NS_1

V42_4119_CON

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V48_4478_CONS_1

V48_2608_CONS_1

V09_1649_CONS_2

V36_5139_CONS_2

V36_1741_C

ONS

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ONS

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V42_413_CO

NS_1

V06_3135_CONS_1

V06_7075_CONS_1

V24_3580_CONS_1V03_4200_CONS_12

V06_4990_CONS_1

V48_4551_CONS_17

V42_145_CO

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V18_7438

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V18_2923_CONS_1

V24_502_CONS_1V42_1667_CONS

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V48_3704_CONS_1

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E12_162002_016

V06_6665_CONS_1

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V18_52

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V48_8391_CON

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V48_4204_CON

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V48_1798_CON

S_1

V12_1684_CONS_2

V18_96

38_CO

NS_1

E12_162013_007

V48_168_CONS_1

V09_312_CONS_1

V18_73

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V42_57

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V18_5765_CONS_1

V42_1516_CONS_1

V18_7823

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V42_6374_CON

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V18_5512_CONS_1

V18_3831_CONS

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V24_4035_CONS_1

V12_1985_CONS_1

V06_5307_CONS_1

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V30_4085_CONS_78

V24_3848_CONS_1

V18_9241_C

ONS

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V06_5841_CONS_22

V24_2307_C

ONS_1

V48_8567_CONS_1

V18_8488_CONS_1

V42_65

29_CO

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V06_1344_CONS_1

V24_3070_CONS_4

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V30_1393_CONS_25

V24_2910_CONS

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V03_4958_CONS_2

E12_162001_c016

V06_3963_CONS_1

V18_25

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NS_1

V09_1887_CONS_7

V42_4489_CONS

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V36_5426_CONS_54

V12_1971_C

ONS

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V48_4721_CON

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V48_6005_CON

S_2

V18_197_CONS_1

V18_5483_CONS_1

V42_3819_CONS

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V30_6157_CONS_1

V42_2667_C

ONS

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V36_6742_CONS_68

V30_4234_CONS_1

V18_8347_C

ONS

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V48_5293

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V12_1282_C

ONS

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V30_2617_CONS_14

V48_4427_CONS_1

V48_124_CONS_11

V06_1941_CONS_1

V48_409_CONS_8

V48_6539_CONS_2

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E12_162002_009

V06_4423_CONS_3

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V36_1473_CONS_11

V48_6

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E12_161994_c017

V24_348_CONS_2

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V48_23

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V48_118

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V06_2822_CONS_1

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V36_192_CONS_550

V30_4313_CONS_8

V18_8496_CON

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V18_971_CO

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NS_7

V18_9225

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V03_4660_CONS_16V12_3135_CONS_1

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V03_2199_CONS_1

E12_162009_c011

V18_1072_CONS

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V48_6688_CON

S_16

V06_6719_CONS_1

V18_4274

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V48_2033_CONS_3

V24_1195_C

ONS_3

V24_2946_CONS_11

V42_4436_C

ONS

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V48_7718_CON

S_1

V24_4629_CONS_8

V42_46

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NS_1

V30_2226_CONS_1

V48_4367

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V18_8605_C

ONS

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V06_4106_CONS_1

V36_4178_CONS_2

V18_25

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NS_1 V09_2161_CO

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V42_12

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V42_6495_C

ONS

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V48_487

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V09_2492_CONS_87

V36_1620_CONS_19V36_5552_CONS_4

V48_5364_CONS_12

V36_6927_CONS_11

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V30_5492_CONS_1

V42_26

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V03_4393_CONS_1V30_2482_CONS_18

V42_3096_CON

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V06_3425_CONS_1

V18_108_CO

NS_2

V06_1400_CONS_8

V12_2839_CONS_7

V30_2761_CONS_32

V42_52

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NS_15

7

V42_3664_CON

S_4

V42_5402_CONS_7

V42_4352_C

ONS

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V06_824_CONS_1

V48_1

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V24_2693_CONS_5

V42_975_CONS_

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V42_2973_CONS

_1

V30_1716_CONS_3

V36_3936_C

ONS

_6

V18_1677

_CONS_

5

V36_5857_CONS_3

V48_7293_CO

NS_2

V06_3034_CONS_1

V18_3447_C

ONS

_2

V06_112_CONS_1

V48_7624_C

ONS

_6

V42_1165_CONS

_9

E12_162000_c033

V36_5197_CONS_1

V24_5288_CONS_5

V48_6344_CONS_2

V30_4147_CONS_10

V06_4652_CONS_3

V30_2487_CONS_3

V18_8943_

CONS_1

V48_5159

_CONS_

11

V18_53

20_CONS_1

V48_40

97_CON

S_1

V48_8441

_CONS_1

V18_6378_CON

S_1

V24_3455_CONS_1

E12_162004_

c029

V30_5473_CONS_5

V09_2246_CONS_37

V30_4098_CONS_15

V30_6672_CONS_1

V09_1526_CONS_1

V24_3225_C

ONS_2

V48_8051_CONS_2

V36_4077_CONS_31

V18_6843_CONS_2

V36_8953_CONS_3

V36_363_CONS_1

V36_10217_CONS_1

V12_1857_C

ONS

_1

V09_804_CONS_1

V36_6756_CONS_1

V09_962_CONS_1

V24_4867_CONS_29

E12_162009_022

V48_6416_CONS_2

V48_98

3_CONS

_4

V30_1457_CONS_1

V12_628_CONS_1

V48_6251

_CONS_1

V18_3332_CON

S_2

V36_5852_CONS_1

V42_237_CO

NS_39

V48_6194_CON

S_7

V18_4800_CON

S_1

V30_6577_CONS_370

V06_125_CONS_1

V12_3973_CONS_1

V18_2793

_CONS_

1

V06_4232_CONS_1

V42_33

_CONS_

7

V18_61

41_CON

S_3

V42_3321_CONS

_1

V18_4410_CONS_1

V36_4395_CONS_2

V18_7743_CON

S_2

V06_3481_CONS_1

V42_1760_CONS

_1

V42_3520_CON

S_3

V48_7101_CONS_1

V36_5258_CONS_5

V18_3027_CON

S_1

V18_763

9_CONS

_1

V48_147_

CONS_2

V06_4586_CONS_1

V42_38

24_CO

NS_7

V18_4431_CONS_1

V30_5774_CONS_4

V48_2848_CONS_2

V24_1742_CONS_1

V42_25

77_CON

S_19

V36_9250_CONS_1

V06_1726_CONS_1

V30_452_CONS_5

V30_2893_CONS_4

V42_1412_CONS_2

V06_729_CONS_1

V06_1535_CONS_1

V24_5007_CO

NS_4

V06_5883_CONS_1

V48_4052_CONS_1

V06_1351_CONS_1

V42_64

46_CON

S_4

V36_9126_CONS_27

V42_4747_CONS_910

V18_6667_CONS

_1

V09_1975_CONS_1V09_2238_CONS_1

V06_2649_CONS_9

V48_2523_C

ONS_1

V48_7471_CONS_1

V24_63_CONS_3

V12_3087_C

ONS

_1

V48_8404_CONS_34

V02_4348_CONS_2263

V18_30

93_CO

NS_195

V36_2025_CONS_1

V48_7709

_CONS_

7

V09_1130_CONS_1

V30_3164_CONS_1

V36_2379_CONS_1

V48_3347_CONS_1

V48_5407

_CONS_

1

V48_6147_CONS_9

V42_2552_C

ONS

_1

V18_2496_CONS

_1

V18_1319_CONS_1

V24_1426_CONS_17

V18_5945_CONS_1

V36_9255_CONS_1

V48_1922_CON

S_34

V24_4122_CONS_1

V36_5002_C

ONS

_1

V42_46

17_CO

NS_1

V03_3214_CONS_1

V24_132_CONS_6

V42_5301_CONS

_21

V18_7611_CONS

_1

V18_4511_CON

S_1

V30_182_CONS_976

V18_5894_CONS_1

V36_5205_C

ONS

_4

V18_5929_CON

S_1

V48_2982_CONS_1

V48_3264_CONS_1

V48_76

33_CON

S_11

V42_1521_CONS

_15

V42_785_CONS_1

V36_9895_CONS_17

V36_6583_CONS_12

E12_162006_c038E12_1

62013_c038

V06_487_CONS_1496

V48_7386_CO

NS_31

V06_2195_CONS_3

V18_225_CO

NS_1

V24_227_CONS_1

V36_6025_C

ONS_10

V42_1818_C

ONS_31

V18_56

44_CO

NS_1

V03_105_CONS_1

V06_1868_CONS_1

V18_7269_CON

S_1

V24_173_CONS_14

4

V18_6796_CONS

_1

V36_8993_CONS_1

V48_3396_CONS_1

V06_174_CONS_49

V36_5953_CONS_15

V24_1333_CONS

_4

V36_2853_CONS_10

V48_4957_CONS_2

V24_2772_CONS_1

V48_6

295_CONS_1

V03_2058_CONS_1

V12_4104_CONS_1

V36_7209_CONS_15 V4

8_5090_CONS_17

V18_3915_

CONS_1

V36_10102_CONS_1

V42_5112_CONS

_19

V09_1647_CONS_1

V48_1125_CON

S_7

V12_505_CO

NS_2

V12_3266_CONS_1

V36_4760_CONS_193

V30_5743_CONS_22

V24_3403_CONS_2

V42_2121_CON

S_3

E12_161997_c054

V36_738_CONS_1

V18_61_CONS_7

V06_500_CONS_1

V36_4833_CONS_1893

V18_4

358_CONS_1

V48_6819_C

ONS_2

V36_6445_CONS_1

V09_2443_CONS_17

V09_1308_CONS_1

V24_1816_CONS_1

V48_7159

_CONS_

13

V18_1

079_CONS_3

V12_3573_CONS_1

V09_134_CONS_1

V18_29

68_CONS_1

V48_7715_CONS_1

V30_2408_CONS_9

V24_559_CONS_18

V36_4767_CONS_1

V36_5381_CONS_1

V24_3342_CONS_1

E12_162009_c030

V36_6758_CONS_1

V48_8021_CONS_1

V42_1895_CON

S_1

V48_4242_C

ONS_1V48_

7081_CONS

_5

V24_4824_CONS_28

V18_537

2_CONS

_1

V30_3976_CONS_5V36_6720_C

ONS

_1

V12_3669_CONS_1V06_3586_CONS_1

V06_5181_CONS_1

V30_5078_CONS_1V42_3619_C

ONS

_1

V18_9002_C

ONS

_1V30_6452_CONS_1

V03_4613_CONS_12

V09_1881_C

ONS

_2

V18_3552_CON

S_1

V18_3052_CONS_1

V42_5385_CONS

_5V42_1936_CONS

_1

V06_2338_CONS_8

V24_3249_CONS_1

V30_1813_CONS_10

V30_5637_CONS_2

V48_3

505_CONS_1

V09_1577_CONS_37

V30_2986_CONS_1

V18_513

6_CONS

_1

V18_30

58_CON

S_1

V42_5103_CON

S_4

V06_4944_CONS_1

V48_4546_CONS_1

V24_2801_CONS_1

V42_166_CO

NS_23

V48_7281_CONS_1

V36_535_CONS_1

V06_3320_CONS_1

V30_2957_CONS_1

V24_1614_CONS_1

V36_4691_CONS_1

V36_9041_CONS_2

V18_13

27_CO

NS_1

V30_5281_CONS_21

V48_3846_CONS_1

V36_923_CO

NS_1

V18_3601_CONS_1

V06_4369_CONS_1

V12_2589_CONS_1

V18_3489_CONS_1

V30_1031_CONS_31

V03_4717_CONS_55

V06_4645_CONS_218

V24_37

77_CON

S_18

V06_6861_CONS_1

V18_2192_CONS_1

V18_8172_C

ONS

_2

V42_5985_C

ONS

_8

V42_463_CONS_2

V48_7292

_CONS_1

V42_4337_CONS_1

V36_5712_CONS_4

V18_9198_CONS

_1

V06_3714_CONS_1

V42_756_CO

NS_21

V06_2832_CONS_1

V18_3

730_CONS_1

V06_4192_CONS_7

V24_3414_C

ONS_1

V48_4570_CONS_3V42_1384_CONS

_1

V18_5704_CON

S_1

V18_9

227_CONS_1

V03_1226_CONS_4

V48_5708_CONS_1

V24_3657_C

ONS_16

V30_3517_CONS_1V48_

3492_CONS

_1

E12_162013_c006

V06_6782_CONS_1

V48_6887_C

ONS

_5

V24_4673_CONS_4

V24_1794_CONS_4

V30_5008_CONS_69

V36_5428_CONS_2

V48_49_CON

S_3

V18_3

115_CONS_1

V36_9114_CONS_16

V48_4595_CON

S_2

V06_6184_CONS_1

V18_97

25_CO

NS_1

V18_377

9_CONS

_1V18_

3902_CO

NS_2

E12_162000_015

V42_54

74_CO

NS_5

E12_162000_c027

V42_4210_CON

S_8

V06_3846_CONS_1

V48_5627_CONS_1

V24_263_CONS_2

E12_162000_c022

V06_3927_CONS_3

V12_4447_CONS_1

V42_3039_CONS_9

V09_1572_C

ONS

_2

V18_91

96_CON

S_48

V30_3196_CONS_8

V48_3539

_CONS_1

V06_1077_CONS_1

V36_9019_CONS_1

V18_9077_CONS

_1

V06_5869_CONS_1

V36_9878_CONS_1

V06_6985_CONS_1

V06_5941_CONS_1

V48_7085_CONS_1

V09_1075_CONS_8

V06_4370_CONS_1

V18_1575

_CONS_2

V18_7679_CONS_1

V12_3082_CONS_6

V18_4462_C

ONS

_1V30_6138_CONS_4

V24_2574_CONS_499

V42_6686_C

ONS

_13

V00_21_CONS_1

V36_2490_CONS_64

V42_5663_CON

S_15

V09_1867_CONS_1

V30_6037_CONS_2

V36_186_CONS_2

V48_7743_CONS_1

V42_15

58_CO

NS_3

V18_3562_CONS_1

V24_5056_CO

NS_2

V18_5842_CONS

_1

V48_572_CONS_4

V36_4655_CONS_2

V12_307_CO

NS_1

V48_1422_C

ONS_1

V18_1728_CON

S_4

V36_3355_CONS_1

V36_1505_C

ONS_

1540

V09_35_CONS_1

V48_817

6_CONS

_1

V03_3610_CONS_1001

V06_5050_CONS_1

V18_2565_CON

S_7

V09_406_CONS_6

V36_5067_CONS_15

V48_7928_

CONS_2

V12_3698_CONS_10

V36_6951_CONS_2

V42_15

71_CO

NS_42

V30_46_CONS_7

V36_8246_CONS_10

V48_2

270_CONS_1

V18_6593_CONS_1

V36_9980_CONS_1

V06_4214_CONS_1

V18_408_CO

NS_1

V03_2692_CONS_193

V06_6854_CONS_1

V06_3169_CONS_2

V42_6151_C

ONS

_7

V06_507_CONS_49

V42_5770_C

ONS

_1

V18_6

018_CONS_1

V30_2283_CONS_5

V18_8905_CONS_31

V36_267_CONS_3

V06_7226_CONS_1V12_209_CO

NS_1

V48_377_CO

NS_3

V42_1070_CONS_2

V12_4236_CONS_1

V12_1867_C

ONS

_2

V18_4089

_CONS_1

V42_4679_CONS_4

V06_6456_CONS_1

V18_5484_CON

S_1

E12_162006_c040

V18_5292_CONS_8

V36_3243_CONS_1

V42_2566_CON

S_1

V48_1008_CONS_1

V18_2536_CONS_1

V18_9485_CONS_1

V48_2003_CONS_1

V06_1830_CONS_24

V36_1191_CONS_1

V03_2278_CONS_1

V48_8559

_CONS_1

V42_2280_CON

S_1V36_7869_CO

NS_1

V36_2489_CONS_1

V18_4376_CON

S_1

E12_162006_029

V18_7156_CONS_2

V18_6812_CON

S_1

V48_8497_CONS_17

V03_3118_CONS_3

V06_5523_CONS_19

V03_2591_CONS_1

V09_1376_CONS_3

V02_1364_CONS_12

V36_475_CONS_93

V48_8353_CONS_6

E12_161997_110

V18_35

89_CON

S_2

V18_7974_CONS_3

V30_119_CONS_12

V48_1521_C

ONS

_1

V18_8124_C

ONS

_2

V42_3035_CON

S_1

E12_162000_c032

V12_2887_CONS_1

V30_1979_CONS_12

V36_1026_CONS_42

V36_8058_C

ONS

_1

V48_2809

_CONS_4

V30_1941_CONS_2214

V42_3640_CON

S_2

V09_2221_CONS_2

V18_91

91_CONS_77

V06_377_CONS_1

V24_5140_CONS_2

V36_7612_CONS_1

V18_9066_CONS_1

V36_8931_CONS_1

V18_5029_CONS_1

V18_7681_C

ONS

_3

V42_182_CO

NS_7

V06_1961_CONS_1

V18_1792

_CONS_2

V42_3342_CON

S_1

V18_804

4_CONS

_1V18_9125

_CONS_1

V42_3286_CON

S_2

V36_9705_CONS_1

V06_3132_CONS_1

V30_881_CONS_5

V36_3580_CONS_21

V36_6792_CONS_1

V48_3771_CON

S_5

V18_1605_CONS_1

V42_1631_C

ONS

_1

V30_1145_CONS_1

V36_3661_C

ONS

_2

V42_1854_CONS

_1

V06_1242_CONS_1

V36_5577_CONS_5

E12_162006_c023

V36_7054_CONS_1V18_7046_CONS

_27

V24_1977_C

ONS_1

V24_4181_CONS_1

V06_1755_CONS_1

V48_386_CO

NS_2

V18_9567_CON

S_1

V42_4826_CONS_1

V12_2025_CONS_1

V36_7130_CONS_1

V42_3268_CONS

_1V03_9_CONS_1

V36_5509_CONS_77

V42_6252_CON

S_4

V18_7329_CON

S_1

V42_2062_CONS_7

V36_2141_CONS_113

V36_3196_CONS_1

V03_713_CONS_1

V30_1089_CONS_1

V18_406_

CONS_7

V42_30

6_CONS_1

8

V24_3155_CONS_4

V12_2797_CONS_20

V18_4748_CONS_2

V36_7930_C

ONS

_3

V09_211_CONS_1

V24_3906_CONS_3

V12_3387_CONS_3

V24_1514_CO

NS_1

V18_3436_CON

S_2

V24_4604_C

ONS_6

V42_6585_CONS

_1

V18_81

15_CON

S_1

V18_4990_C

ONS

_1

E12_162004_c016

V48_351_CONS_11

V36_10488_CONS_3

V06_1133_CONS_1

V24_3386_CONS_5

V12_2516_CONS_1

V30_1404_CONS_1

V06_2180_CONS_1

V30_3000_CONS_1

V36_8310_CONS_1

V48_6551_CONS_1

V18_46

91_CO

NS_1

V03_725_CONS_1

V18_2634_CONS_1

V18_8844_CONS_1

V24_4859_CONS_3

V30_1795_CONS_1

V18_32

9_CON

S_1

V03_438_CONS_1

V06_1633_CONS_3

V42_66

3_CONS_1

V36_842_CONS_1

V48_807_CONS_1

V06_5836_CONS_1

V36_4278_CONS_3

V48_1

330_CONS_57

V48_5

826_CONS_9

V12_2141_C

ONS

_6

V18_4577_CONS_1

V18_66

98_CO

NS_6

V36_7001_CONS_14

V42_4158_C

ONS

_1

V42_1473_CON

S_1

V48_4

681_CONS_1

V48_3

50_CONS_1

V48_7096_CO

NS_19

V06_1339_CONS_1

V09_2001_CONS_1

Full-Length env Deep Sequencing in a Donor With Broadly Neutralizing V1/V2 Antibodies Ben Murrell1, Melissa Laird2, Elise Landais3, Caroline Ignacio1, Kemal Eren1, Pham Phung4, Ellen E. Paxinos2, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond1, Douglas D. Richman1, Pascal Poignard3, Davey M. Smith1 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; 2 Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, United States. 3The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA, United States; 4Monogram Biosciences, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA, United States.

Understanding the co-evolution of HIV populations and broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) lineages may inform vaccine design. Novel long-read, next-generation sequencing methods allow, for the first time, full-length deep sequencing of HIV env populations.

Introduction V2 Epitope Kinetics

Objective

Ben Murrell, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego

9500 Gilman Drive, MC0679 San Diego, CA 92093

E-mail: [email protected]

Methods HIV-1 env Phylogeny

Figure 3. Phylogeny of HIV env SMRT sequences collected from PC64 at 12 visits, compared to previously generated clonal sequences (grey boxes). Sequences with >99% similarity were collapsed, and such clusters are represented by black circles.

Conclusions

HIV-1 env Longitudinal Selection Pressure Antibodies

00 02 03 06 09 12

18 24 30 36 42 48

MPI MPI

Cluster Size 3000 2000 1000

Clonal Sequences

100

10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1

80

60

40

20

0

-20

mAb concentration (ug/mL)

% N

eutra

lizat

ion

MRCA WT MRCA R166S V6_C022 WT V6_C022 S166R

MRCA WT MRCA R169II V12_C018 WT V12_C018 I169R

Extract viral RNA

cDNA Generation

PCR screen

Iterative PCR

SMRTbell™ Preparation

Align Primers/Bind Polymerase

SMRT® Sequencing

Full-length Envelope Analysis (FLEA)

Days%1'5%

Day%6%

Figure 1. Streamlined end-to-end workflow for the isolation, amplification, preparation, sequencing and analysis of full-length HIV env amplicons.

0.04

V36-10496-A9_42H1_BB

V24-11444-O12_66H0_BB

V24-11441-F08_64H0_BB

V36-10526_O08_28H0_TH

V36-10481_P08_23H0_THV36-10463-K13_39H0_TH

V12-11691-E14_45H1_BB

V36-10515-K05_33H0_BB

V36-10552_F12_29H0_TH

V36-10540-P03_44H0_BB

V18-11483-P16_53H1_BBV12-11691-K17_46H0_BB

V18-11492-F18_55H0_BB

V36-10491_B19_34H0_TH

V36-10512-J15_S182_Minority_HC

V36-10588-O08_32H0_BB

V36-10482_F16_35H0_TH

V36-10559_N23_30H0_TH

V12-11691-N23_47H1_BB

V18-11522-I02_58H0_BBV18-11504-F11_56H0_BB

V36-10521_O05_26H0_TH

V36-10502_I02_24H0_TH

V24-11424-D18_59H0_BB

V36-10519_H05_38H0_TH

V24-11424-M03_61H0_BB

V12-11697-A10_49H0_BBV24-11428-H17_62H0_BB

V36-10559-N23_30H0_BB

V36-10515_K05_33H0_TH

V36-10588_O08_32H0_THV36-10588-O8_S221_clust3_546_0.992565

V18-11491-O04_54H1_BB

V24-11441-I20_65H0_BB

PC64_VHGL_BBds

V12-11697-D15_50H0_BB

V12-11694-G14_48H1_BB

V36-10540-P3_S196_clust1_524_0.98665

V18-11505-H16_57H0_BB

V36-10467-L22_21H0_TH

V36-10488-L17_41H0_BB

V36-10532_D06_27H0_TH

V12-11702-C19_52H0_BB

V36-10488_L17_25H0_TH

V36-10505-H04_43H0_BB

V24-11424-I09_60H0_BB

V24-11438-N14_63H0_BB

V12-11700-N17_51H0_BB

UCA 12 18 24 36

MPI PG9[1]

gp120

gp41

Env

HC

LC

Details: •  Predicted from IC50s against 105 heterologous viruses •  Novel machine learning algorithm •  MCMC on P(IC50|Sequences)

Computational Epitope

Prediction PC64101(21H0):

PG9-like V1/V2 Apex

(A)

(B)

(C)

Functional Characterization

(A) 00-02 MPI 02-03 MPI 03-06 MPI 06-09 MPI

09-12 MPI 12-18 MPI 18-24 MPI 24-30 MPI

30-36 MPI 36-42 MPI 42-48 MPI Combined Positive

Purifying

Positive

Purifying

Figure 5. Figure 6. (A) Neutralization of PC64 autologous pseudoviruses by a PC64V36 mAb (B) Color-coded decrease in neutralization IC50 for single aa JRCSF mutant pseudovirus (AlaScan) compared to wildtype by PC64V36 mAbs, displayed on trimer structure[2].

(A) (B)

Figure 6. Selection at sites and over time. For each pair of contiguous samples, strength of selection was inferred using FUBAR[3], plotted from purifying selection (blue) to positive selection (red). As early as 3 to 6 MPI, strong positive selection can be seen at the trimer apex.

•  Longitudinal full-length HIV env deep sequencing allows:

•  Accurate phylogenetic inference

•  Detailed view of epitope escape dynamics

•  Synthesis of observed Env proteins for functional characterization

•  In PC64, concurrent epitope diversity (3-12 MPI) immediately preceded the development of heterologous serum activity. Waves of sequential escape preceded rapid breadth increases.

160

181

166 167

169

Epitope Positions

References

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (AI090970, AI100665, AI036214, U01GM110749, GM093939), and the UCSD Center for AIDS Research (Developmental Grant, AI36214, Bioinformatics and Information Technologies Core)

[1] McLellan, J.S., et al. (2013). Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9. Nature. [2] Pancera, M., et al. (2014)., Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env. Nature. [3] Murrell, B. et al. (2013). FUBAR: A Fast, Unconstrained Bayesian AppRoximation for inferring selection. Molecular Biology

and Evolution.

Figure 4. (A) V2/apex epitope configurations, comprising residues of interest for the primary antibody lineage. Colors serve as a key for the frequency curves in (B), where concurrent epitope diversity (3-12 MPI) is followed by sequential selective sweeps. (C) Serum breadth and viral load over time, showing initial development of heterologous neutralization after a period of dramatic concurrent diversity at the apex, followed by increases in breadth that may be a response to viral selective sweeps.

NRNRI!

181 169 167 166 160 HXB2#:

AA:

NRNRL! NRNIL!

NRDRL!

NSNRL! NSNRI!

NRDIL! NKDIL!

DRDIL!

NSDKL!

NKDTL!

NKDEL!

(B)

Freq

uenc

y

0 10 20 30 400.00.20.40.60.81.0

MPI

Frequency

160 & 166 & 167 & 169 & 181 NRNRI

NRNRL

NSNRI

NRDRL

NSNRL

NRNIL

NRDIL

NKDIL

NSDKL

DRDIL

NKDEL

NKDTL

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

Seru

m B

read

th

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48

Vira

l Loa

d

106

105

104

103

102

(C)

Months Post-Infection

Months Post-Infection

Colors match curves

Ben Murrell