Exclusively distributed by:

FULCRUMTMCOMPUTER PRODUCTS

1981

FULCRUM (EUROPE)VALLEY HOUSE

PURlEIGHESSEX, ENGLAND CM3 6QH

TelEPHONE: (0621) 828763

FULCRUMTM

IMSAI COMPATIBLEPRODUCTS

Fulcrum Computer Products aremanufactured by WW ComponentSupply, Inc. in San Jose, CA. TheFulcrum product line includes acomplete spectrum of IMSAI compat­ible S-100 microcomputer, interface,and memory boards, as well as newproducts for S-100 computers like theVIO-X intelligent video interface andthe 488+3 GPIB I/O board.

All Fulcrum products areguaranteed for 6 months againstdefects in workmanship or failure.

I RnRn

'-8080~

The standard microcomputerincludes:

• Front panel and control board(CP-A)

• Chassis with 22-slot card cage• Sturdy, attractive dust cover (DC)• Microprocessor board (MPU-A)• 28-ampere power supply (PS-28)• 10 MHz 20 slot terminated

Motherboard (WB20)• Documentation

Motherboard

Card-to-card spacing on the MotherBoard is %-inch, except for the firstposition reserved for the front panelboard or any other board in dedicatedapplications. Eight, ten, twelve andtwenty slot terminated Mother Boardsare available for the system, good to10 MHz.

Heavy power traces handle thelarge currents that exist in a heavilyloaded backplane. High-quality(' - ""ectors have gold-plated contacts

liability and long life.~Front PanelThe CP-A Board forms the operator'spanel. It includes switches, indicatorsand logic needed for manual opera­tion. The panel is completely self­contained and plugs directly into thefirst Mother Board slot. Or it may beconnected through an extender boardto any available slot in the MotherBoard. When the first slot is not usedfor the front panel, that slot may beused by another board, such as theParallel I/O Board with its LED indi­cators visible.

Front panel facilities include:

• 16 address/data switches• 16 LED address indicators• 8 LED data bus indicators• 8 LED programmed output bit

indicators• 6 control function switches• 8 LED status indicators (including

control indicators for INTERRUPTENABLED, RUN, WAIT and HOLD)The front panel includes logic that

drives the programmed outputindicators, and reads the input bytefrom the high-order address switches.D:' 1US indicators show data

eit.__ .ead or written by theprocessor.

Indicators are wide-angle LED'sbehind a contrast-enhancing acrylicpanel assembly. Photographicallyproduced panel markings are crispand explicit and can never wear off.Bit positions are numbered andlabeled for both hexadecimal andoctal notation. Special labels may beeasily inserted to identify specialfunctions for the programmed outputLED's.

Switches are high-quality units,with paddle handles color-coded foreasy, error-free operation.

Power Supply

The Power Supply (PS-28) isdesigned for use with pc boardshaving on-board regulators. Outputsare +10V and ±18V at no load, andapproximately +7V and ±15.8V at fullload.

A Power Supply pc board containsrectifiers and"J.20V ac switching andfusing functions. The board providesterminals for switched ac power, bothfused and unfused, for a ventilatingfan and auxiliary power outlets on theback panel. When the computer issupplied without the front panel, anac power switch is mounted on thePower Supply Board.

A custom-built transformer andlarge, conservatively rated filtercapacitors are mounted on thechassis. All connections are made bymolex connector.

Processor Board

The Processor Board (MPU-A)·contains the Intel 8080A Micro­processor chip, clock crystal oscil­lator and clock drivers, status signallatches and bidirectional bus drivers,as well as on-board power supplyvoltage regulators.

The 2-MHz, 2-phase non-over­lapping clock for the processor chipis provided by an 18-MHz crystal and8224 clock driver. An 8212 chiplatches status signals. Two 8216 tri­state, bidirectional bus driversinterface the processor chip with the1-8080 data buses. Other tri-state busdrivers drive address, status andcontrol lines.

The MPU-A board receives ±16Vand +8V supply voltages and useson-board regulators to obtainrequired voltage levels.

The board edge connector has 100pins on 0.125-inch centers, with 50pins on each side. Except for gold­plated contact fingers, circuit tracesare tin-lead plated for easier, morereliable solder connections.

The board includes a power-onreset circuit, plus pull-up resistors sothat without the front panel, power-onreset will start the program at loca­tion zero.

Multiple microprocessor boardsare able to share memory and runidentical or different programs inparallel.

S-100 SystetnsOUTSTANDINGHARDWAREFEATURES

Front Panel

• Handsome and functional, withsharp, readable legends behindacrylic panel

• All indicators long-life LED's ...panel filter enhances contrast

• Eight extra LED's programmed asan output port

• Easy-to-use paddle handle switches• Easily customized for private

labeling

Mechanical

• Sturdy card-cage construction ...holds up to 22 cards

• Straight-through backplane design... no special-purpose slots

• Short backplane sections available• Flat cable interconnections

throughout• Absolute minimum of point-to-point

wiring ... no point-to-point wiringto front panel permits easy panelremoval

• Rack-mount cabinet available

• Pc boards double-sided with plated­through holes and solder mask

• Pc boards of glass-fiber reinforcedepoxy laminate

• Pc board contact fingers gold­plated over nickel

Electrical

• Front panel circuits make one-shottiming links non-critical

• Latest LSI and MSI components ...minimizes package count

• Heavy-current tri-state bus drivers

Power Supply• Heavy-duty supply ... 28 amperes

for system expansion• Power regulated on-board by IC

devices with thermal current limits• Generous ceramic disk power

decoupling capacitors ... dippedtantalum capacitors for boarddecoupling

• Completely connectorized

CabinetCustom aluminum and steel case

with acrylic front panelDimensions: 19% in. wide, 17 in.

deep, 7 in. high (rack mount optionavailable)

Front Panel Switches: Paddlehandle

Power

Requirements:~OV, 50-60 Hz,single phase, less than 50 Watts(basic system)

Maximum Power Capability: Up to500 Watts in a large system

Interconnections

Back panel accommodates tenEIA-type 25-pin connectors. Openingand cable clamp furnished for flatcables to exit from cabinet. Flatcables used throughout.

MPU-A Processor8080A

Memory (directly addressable):65,536 words

Word Size: One byte (8 bits)Register Instruction Cycle Time:

2 microsecondsBasic Machine Cycle Time:

0.5 microsecondNumber of Input/Output Ports: 256Machine Instruction Set: 78 basic

instructions, 174 including variantsNested Subroutine Calls: Number

limited only by memory sizeInterrupts: Eight hardware levels

(with optional PIC-8 board)Registers: Six plus stack pointer,

program counter, accummulator andstatus register

1-8015/25/30/35Computer Systems

"--/ The 1-8015 series is a stand alonebusiness and industrial micro­computer using the S-100 bus. Itincludes the basic 1-8080 chassis witha 10 slot terminated motherboard, 28amp power supply, and various frontpanel configurations. It normally usesthe MPU-B 80853 MHz processorcard and the RAM III 64K dynamicmemory with either the DIO-C or D.

The 1-8015 has a blank steel frontpanel with reset, interrupt, and powerswitches.

The 1-8025 is an 1-8015 withDIO-C/PDS II and the DS-8 disk drivesystem.

The 1-8030 is an 1-8015 with 5"BALL CRT mounted in the frontpanel for output and a VIO interface.

The 1-8035 is an 1-8015 with two5'14' disk drives mounted in the frontpanel and a DIO-D/PDS-II controllerset.

Multifunctional8085 ProcessorBoard

The MPU-B contains an 8085microprocessor and a serial I/Ointerface. Some features are includedor excluded from system memoryunder software control-three 16-bitprogramable timers, 256 bytes ofRAM, a 2K firmware monitor programwhich permits bootstrap loading fromthe floppy disks, and 26 othercommands for stand-alone operation.

Performing 50% faster than the8080, the 8085 microprocessormaintains or improves bus timingmargins, thereby reducing criticaltiming requirements of RAM andother interfaces. A four-level mask­able priority interrupt system, plusthe regular 8085 system interrupt,enables the MPU-B to be used insophisticated interrupt-driven sys­tems without additional interruptcontrollers. The I/O and timersincluded on the MPU-B can be usedwith the interrupts

Intelligent Video I/OThe VIO-X is an intelligent portmapped S-100 video I/O boardfeaturing an 8085 processor, 8275CRT controller, and two pages of 2114static RAM. The board features akeyboard port, light pen input, andaudio output port. It includescomplete firmware, composite andnon-composite video output and fullescape command instuction set.Video attributes include:

• FLASH• INVERSE• PROTECT• UNDERLINE• DIM

Memory MappedVideo Interface (VIO-F)

Character and line insert/deleteallows fast program correction andtext editing with the VIO-F. Inversevideo and programable field allowshighlighting or enlarging graphicinformation display for viewing atlong distances. With EPROM, theuser can control the font, and usespecial characters of the users owndesign, foreign alphabets, pictures,and forms. There are up to 256characters, both upper and lowercase.

64K Memory (RAM-III)The RAM III board is a dynamicrandom access memory. This familyof add-in RAM boards is specificallydesigned for comptability with thespecial features of all 1-8080/8085computers designed with the S-100bus. All RAM III boards come factoryassembled to assure user reliability.RAM III are designated: and RAM111-64.The numbers designate theamount of memory in kilobytes. Thus,RAM 111-64offers 64K bytes ofmemory.

All of the RAM III boards have anaccess time of 375 nanoseconds anda cycle time of 500 nanoseconds.Each board contains an independentrefresh element which does not inter­fere with normal CPU functions.Refresh will continue even when theCPU is halted. Power requirementsare +8 volts at 360 milliamperes, +16volts at 250 milliamperes and -16volts nominal at 10 milliamps. Allboards are fully burned in and testedat the factory under strict qualitycontrol.

Since all 18080/8085 computersuse a 16 bit (64K) address bus, thetotal memory capacity is limited to64K. The full 64K can be used in anumber of flexible modes by installingone 64K RAM-III board. The RAM-IIIis also compatible with many8086/8088 processor boards becauseof the extended address board selectcapability.

Disk ControllerThe DIO-C/D-PDS-II disk controllerboard set is a high quality non-LSIdesign for 8" or 5'14' disk drives. Theywork with most standard models ofdisk drive. CP/M® 2.2 is available asan operating system for these con­trollers, and they will also work withIMSAl's IMDOS 2.0x software.

With CP/M® 2.2 the DIO-C will

support standard single density 128byte sector formats as well as 256and 1024 byte sector double density,allowing over 600K bytes of datastorage on a single sided 8" diskette.

Desktop ComputerThe VDP-40 is a complete desktopS-100 computer with MPU-B proces­sor, 64K RAM III, VIO-F videointerface, IKB-1 keyboard, 10 slotmotherboard, 9" BALL CRT,DIO-D/PDS II disk controller, powersupply, and two 5'14' disk drives withCP/M® 2.2.

InterfacesSerial I/O Interface

The SIO 2-2 Serial I/O Interface boardcontains two identical ports, eachpermitting the computer to communi­cate with most peripheral devicesthrough an RS232 or current loopinterface. The two ports are indepen­dent. Each may operate througheither the current loop or RS232mode, and will operate in full-duplexor half-duplex with all control signals.

You can run synchronous orasynchronous lines, full- or half­duplex, at any baud rate up to 9600baud (asynchronous) or 56,000 baud(synchronous). Baud rates up to 9600(asynchronous) or 38,400 (synchro­nous) are selected by jumpers on theboard. Asynchronous baud rates are75,110,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800 and 9600. Synchronous rates are1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200 and38,400. Other rates are made possibleusing the SIOC board which mountsdirectly on the SIO board.

Control lines for each input in­clude DSR, DTR, RTS, CTS andCarrier Detect. RS232 receivers anddrivers are also provided for clocks insynchronous operations. Jumperspermit using the board as either thereceiving (terminal) end of a commun­ication line or the originating(computer) end.

Each interface is structured aroundan Intel 8251 USART chip. This chipallows extensive program control ofI/O functions including control lineand sync character selection, anderror-condition sensing and recovery.The board generates interrupts forreceived characters, transmitter bufferempty, transmitter empty or synccharacter.

The board may be jumper-adaptedto respond either to I/O instructionsfrom the 1-8080 system or to memoryreference instructions for memory­mapped I/O.

Parallel I/O Board

Use the Parallel I/O board as a customTTL-Ievel interface to peripheraldevices.

The board provides four 8-bit inputports, and four 8-bit output ports.Each input and output port has itsown latch and hand-shaking logic forconventional parallel transfer.

Hand-shaking logic on any I/Oport will generate an interrupt, withthe priority level of the interruptselected on the board. (Note that theprocessor will not respond to theinterrupt unless the computercontains the PIC-8 Priority Interruptboard.)

The ports are addressed by foursequential addresses jumper-selectedto be in the 256 I/O address space.You may also address the board withmemory-mapped I/O, using normalmemory read or write instructions totransfer data through the I/O ports.

The Parallel I/O board includes aset of eight LED's for each output port(32 total). You'll find this useful fordebugging, monitoring system activity,or replacing the front panel indedicated applications. Mount aphotographic mask, with appropriatelegends, over the LED's to form areadable display. The front panel canstill be used during development byplugging it into another slot.

The board includes an IC regulatorfor the +5V supply, with tantalumcapacitor filters on either side of theregulator. There is ample ceramicdisk capacitor bypassing throughoutthe board.

You can take +5V power (up to300 mA total) from the +5V andground pins on the I/O portconnectors of a fully utilized board.For each unused port, an additional100 mA may be drawn from the board.If, for example, you are using fouroutput ports and only two input ports,500 mA is available from the board.

IEEE-488 & 3P

The 488+3 is designed to be pluggedinto one slot of a standard IEEE-696(S-100) cardcage. It consists of twomajor functional blocks:

• IEEE-488 Interface• Three parallel ports

The IEEE-488 portion of the board isdesigned to perform the interfacefunction between an IEEE 488­1975/78 General Purpose interfaceBus (GPIB) and the CPU. Itcommunicates with the CPU via aninput/output-mapped 8-bit data busand provides a 16-bit bus to interfacewith the GPIB via buffer devices. IEEE488-1975/78 standard protocol ishandled automatically in Talker,Listener, and Bus or System Con­troller operational modes. Its specificIEEE-488 features are:

• Handles all IEEE 488-1975/78functions

• Talker and listener functions (T, TE'~L, LE)

• Automatic source and acceptorhandshakes (SH, AH)

• Controller with pass controlcapabilities (C)

• System controller capabilities• Device clear and trigger functions

(DC, DT)• Service request functions (SR)• Parallel and serial poll facilities

(PP, SP)• Remote/local with local lockout

(RL)• Single or dual addressing modes• Secondary addressing capabilities

The three parallel input/output portsportion of the board is designed toperform as a general purposeprogrammable I/O device. It has 24I/O pins which may be individuallyprogrammed in two groups of twelveand used in three major modes ofoperation.

The 488+3's flexibility is enhancedby jumpers which allow the user toselect input/output port addresses,interrupt priorities, etc.

The software I/O driver routinessupplied with the 488+3 facilitate itsuse. These programs are callable .~subroutines for performing messa,handling. The manner in which theyhave been written allows them to beeasily incorporated into a softwareprogram.

~PeripheralsDisk Drive SystemsBoth 8" and 51;4"dual disk drivecabinets are available with or withoutpower supplies and disk drives.

The dual 8" enclosure will holdtwo Shugart 801/851 R drives in ahorizontal configuration. The powersupply features full regulation, exter­nal heat sink and 3 amp continuousrating on both the +24 VDC and the+5VDC outputs. The steel blue andgrey cabinet has a 4" fan, multi-tappower connector/fuse holder, and a"Blue Ribbon" style 50 pin dataconnector.

A formica covered wood enclosurefor Shugart 800/801 standard (notrackmount) drives is also available. Ituses the same power supply as thesteel 8" enclosure.

The 51;4"MDX dual,drive cabinetwill mount two Shugart SA-400's ortwo Micropolis drives. It includes a 5"fan, & 5VDC @ 3 amp and 12 VDC @3.4 amp power supplies. The steelcabinet is dual tone blue and grey tomatch the 1-8080 series enclosures.

Keyboard (IKB-1)The programmable keyboard consoleutilizes an 8035 control processorand a high quality keyboard array,fully debounced (to ensure that acharacter is printed only once eachtime a key is engaged), Keys arearranged in a standard tiered, type­writer layout, for operator convience.In addition, each key stroke isregistered regardless of the numberof keys pressed simultaneously(N-Key Rollover). Continuous depres­sion of a key will envoke an autorepeat function, causing a characterto output continuously until the key isreleased, Anyone key may be rede­fined to generate any eight bit-codeunder key-entry control. The userdesignates upper/lower case or uppercase only operations.

SoftwareCP/M® 2.2

Digital Research's CP/M is availablefor the 010 disk controller on 8" and5'14inch formats. This operatingsystem, unlike IMDOS allows inter­change with other users and the useof thousands of standard programsand dozens of languages. Use ofCP/M allows over 600,000 bytes(characters) of storage on a singlesided 8" diskette and 1.2 megabyteson double sided diskettes using 1024byte sectors. The DIO-C supports allof the features of CP/M 2.2 andprovides 128, 256, and 1024 bytesector formats. With the optimizedBIOS the effective load time from thediskette is significantly reduced.Multiple controllers may be supportedas the 010 may be switched on or offby software command.

FULCRUM (EUROPE)VAllEY HOUSE

PURlEIGHESSEX. ENGLM-.JD CM3 6QH

TE~':.PHONE: (0621) 828763

component supply, inC.VVVV1771 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California 9511-2

MP/M®

Digital Research's operating systemMP/M supports hard disk, real timeclock, and multi-processing opera­tions. Contact our sales departmentfor details. Available approximately9/81.

EDSK

A direct disk editor for the DIO-Cwhich allows sector data editing andrecovery, sector moves, and IBMEBCDIC to ASCII translation.

EXOR

EXOR is a disk exerciser program forthe DIO-C which aids the alignmentof Shugart SA-800 type drives andPERSCI 277 drives. Features allowhead positioning to a specific trackand automatic cycleing.

SDCOPY

SDCOPY allows copying and veri­fying from one single density diskto another using only two drives andthe DIO-C. This is normally notpossible as CP/M 2.2 requires adouble density system disk in drive A.

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