FUJİ CR Users-guide

7/21/2019 FUJİ CR Users-guide

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fuji-cr-users-guide 1/40

e ca ystems

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FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004

Table of Contents

SECTION IGeneral CR Information

. Technical Tips for CR Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. rasure o Imag ng P ates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3. maging Plate and Cassette Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. Stat onary Gr s or CR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

5. CR System Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6. n ormat on on “S” Num ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

7. Acceptable Exposure Range for CR Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

ST P ate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

HR P ate

. Un erstan ng EDR- Auto Mo e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

9. Un erstan ng EDR- Sem Mo e 15

0. Un erstan ng EDR- Sem -X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1. Un erstan ng EDR- F xe Mo e 17

2. Us ng Stan ar Imag ng Process ng Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3. Us ng Dynam c Range Contro an Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 19

4. CR Image Nomenc ature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-22

De n t ons o A p anumer cs 21-22

5. mage Ana ys s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6. Trou es oot ng Gu e 24-29

7. Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8. C ean ng So ut on or IP’s 31

9. P and Cassette Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

20. nv ronmenta Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-34

21. mage Review Log Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35



2 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004




Technical Tips for FCR Readers

. Se ect t e proper menu or t e exam e ng one, an remem er to c ec t e next page

or a t ona menu’s.

2. Pe atr c pat ents are cons ere to e t ose t ree 3) years o an un er. Over t e age ot ree, process as an a u t.

. Use t e sma est Imag ng P ate IP) ava a e or t e exam.

4. The green stripe refers to the hanging protocol of the image and is generally oriented to

t e top cep a c) or to t e pat ent’s r g t s e.

• For 8 X 10 on y, t e green str pe or green ots s ou e cep a c or to

t e pat ent’s r g t s e.

5. I a cassette as not een use n 48 ours, you s ou erase t us ng t e Secon ary

Erasure. Use Pr mary Erase or rect x-ray exposures exposure errors) on t e IP.

. W en a o y part t c ness s greater t an 10cm a gr s recommen e , .e., s ou ers,

nee, an c-sp nes.

7. Approx mate Vp or Porta e c est non-gr ) s ou e 70-85 Vp. Do not use a ove

90 Vp w t out a gr . Porta e c ests w t a gr , t e Vp s ou never e g er

than 110.

. Approx mate Vp or Porta e A omens w t Gr s ou e 65-85 Vp.

. Center ng an pos t on ng are very mportant! Keep t e pat ent we -centere on t e

casse e.

0. When doing extremity work you can do two or more views on one cassette. Keep the views

c ose toget er an use ea str ps to mas t e v ews. Ta e caut on not to over ap exposure

areas.

1. Co mate to t e proper e s ze: avo av ng extra anatomy n t e mage.

2. The Fuji CR reader is able to compensate in density for over- and under-exposure:

• Un erexposure s ev ent y a no sy or mott e appearance on t e mage,an a g “S” num er >500.

• Overexposure is evident only by a very low “S” number <75.




rasure of Imaging Plates

T e mag ng p ate s use to capture t e pat ent mage ur ng an x-ray exam nat on. Imag ng

P ates IP’s) are g y sens t ve to ra at on nc u ng natura ac groun ra at on. T s

ambient radiation can increase mottle within the image, lower contrast and affect “S” number

rea ng. T ere ore, t s recommen e t at any IP t at as not e use w t n 48 ours eerase us ng t e Secon ary Erase Mo e pr or to c n ca use.

Use t e Pr mary Erase Mo e or IP’s w t rect x-ray exposures exposure errors) t at nee to

e erase rom an IP.

Erase Mo e Proce ures: T e erase utton must e presse or eac IP an pr or to nsert on o

t e cassette.

. FCR 5000 series readers on the status monitor of the FCR 5000 reader, press the

rea ng mo e con, t en se ect t e erasure mo e nee e . Insert cassette to e erase .

Upon comp et on o t e erasure cyc e, t e rea er reverts ac to rout ne process ng

mode.

2. FCR5501 Chest Reader - se ect Erase IP at t e IIP. T s erases one IP. Repeat

proceedure if the second IP needs to be erased.




Imaging Plate and Cassette Selection

mages pro uce us ng Compute Ra ograp y are rst capture on t e Imag ng P ate IP)

nside the cassette. There are several factors involved in selecting the proper cassette and IP for

an exam. T e most mportant actors n se ect ng a cassette an mag ng p ate or an exam are

t e an SIZE Frequency o use s anot er actor t at a so must e cons ere .

ypes of Imaging Plates: ST -Standard & HR- High ResolutionT e rst port on o t e arco e on eac mag ng p ate w n cate t e type. T e arco e s

v s e t roug t e ID w n ow on t e ac o t e cassette. It s recommen e t at t ese cas-

settes e mar e on t e outs e to note HR p ates w en app ca e. HR p ates are ava a e n

imited sizes only and can be used for extremities, mammography and other exams to attain

g er mage s arpness t an t e ST p ates. It s ou e note t at t e HR p ates, e eta

m screen com nat ons, requ re erent exposure actors.

Imaging Plate SizeD g ta mages pro uce n Compute Ra ograp y are sp aye n a matr x o p xe s. P xe

s ze s a actor n eterm n ng t e reso ut on o t e sp aye mage. S nce t e requency w t

w c t e stan ar CR rea er scans t e p ate s re at ve y constant 2K x 2K), us ng t e

smallest imaging plate possible for the exam will result in the highest sampling rate. For the

FCR 5000 ser es an a ot er Fu HQ rea ers t e samp ng rate s 10 p xe s mm. For a ot er

Fu CR systems see st e ow.

SIZE OF IMAGING PLATE SAMPLING RATE

4 x 17 or 14 x 14 5 p xe s mm

0 x 12 or 24cm x 30cm .7 pixels/mm

x 10 or 18cm x 24cm 0 p xe s mm

n addition to pixel size, image size on hardcopy and softcopy is affected by cassette selection.

Re uct on o mages one w t a 14 x 14 or 14 x 17 IP s not a ways avora e. Us ng t e

sma est mag ng p ate or t e exam e m nates scatter outs e t e n t a co mat on an w

help create a more representative histogram during the reading. It also prevents the reader from

nc u ng anatomy not n t e pr mary reg on o nterest n t e stogram.

Frequency of UseT e Imag ng P ates use n Compute Ra ograp y are sens t ve to a types o ra at on, an

when used infrequently can store enough naturally occurring radiation to adversely effect anmage. It s recommen e t at an Erasure, us ng t e Secon ary Erasure Mo e, or an IP c ange,

us ng t e C ange IP unct on, e comp ete on any p ate t at as not een use n any g ven 48

hour period. Erasure or Change should also be performed on any imaging plate discovered in

an area w ere t may ave een expose to scatter ra at on.




tationary Grids for Computed Radiography

D g ta mages suc as t ose pro uce n Compute Ra ograp y are sp aye n a pattern o

t ny rows o p xe s. Gr nes pro ecte on t e mag ng p ate rom t e use o a stat onary gr

can generate a form of interference with the image, producing a wavy artifact known as a

mo ré” pattern. Typ ca mov ng gr s or uc y’s ur t e gr nes, e m nat ng nter erencew t t e g ta matr x. In or er to re uce t e nter erence cause y stat onary gr s, attent on

should be paid to their proper selection. The important factors in the selection of a grid are

requency, rat o, ocus, an s ze.

Stationary Grid Recommendation for CR

Size of Imaging Plate Grid Frequency

4x17 or 14x14 40 LP cm 103 LP nc or g er

0x12 60 LP cm/150 LP or higher

x10 60 LP cm 150 LP or g er

Note: As opposed to the AC-1 series, models of CR readers such as the CR 9000, 9501 and

AC-3 ave a spec a ter es gn to suppress t e occurrence o t e mo ré art act on pr nte

mages, an t e use o 103LP gr s may e accepta e n t e 14 x 17 s ze. However, t ese are

not suitable for HQ images or 5000 series readers. If existing 103 line grids are currently being

use n t ese accounts, goo pos t on ng s s e p to re uce gr art act cause y angu at on

or an o -center eam. T e v ew ng o CR mages on a mon tor may s ow t e mo ré pattern

because the process of sub-sampling reduces the original CR matrix size to a number suitable

or CRT sp ay. I t s occurs, or n t e case o HQ 4K x 4K) mag ng or t e use o an FCR

5000 ser es rea er, t e emp oyment o gr s o no ess t an 150 nes nc s recommen e or

all sizes.

. Gr requency

Grid frequency is expressed as lines per centimeter or lines per inch. The higher the frequency,

t e more nes per nc ), t e t nner an ess o trus ve t e gr nes appear n t e mage.

Most gr s are etween 80 an 152 nes per nc .

I. Gr rat o

Grid ratio is the relationship between the height of the lead strips and the space between the

ea str ps. T e g er t e gr rat o, t e etter t e a sorpt on o scatter ra at on. T e owert e gr rat o t e more org v ng t e gr ecomes to pos t on ng error. A 6:1 rat o wou e a

good choice for portable exams allowing superior ease of use with adequate cleanup. A 10:1 or

2:1 rat o wou e a goo c o ce n t e ra o ogy epartment w ere a mu t tu e o exams may

e per orme un er a more xe geometry an at a g er eve o Vp.




. ocus

T e most popu ar gr c o ces are para e an ocuse . Para e gr s comprom se mage

qua ty at t e outer e ges o t e mage an s ou not e use at stances ess t an 48 nc es but are less critical to beam centering. In the focused grid design, the lead strips are angled to

co nc e w t t e geometry o t e X-ray eam an must e use w t n stances spec e y

t e r oca range us ng a we -centere eam.

V. S ze

S ze re ers to t e p ys ca emonstrat ons o t e gr , owever t s mportant to recogn ze t at

typ ca y, sma er cassettes are rea at g er samp ng rates. Because o t s, t s mportant to

se ect a gr o g requency w en emp oy ng 10 x 12 nc or sma er cassettes. Consu t t e

recommen at on c art n t e se ect on o t e most appropr ate gr s or your use.

V. Obtaining grids and grid holders

Gr s w t o ers are ava a e or sa e t roug our customer serv ce epartment. A gr s

are 152 nes per nc w t 40”-72” oca stance. A so ava a e are two types o gr o ers,

which offer additional protection for the grid and support for the cassette. Contact our customer

serv ce epartment at 1-800-431-1850 or pr ce an purc ase n ormat on.




CR System Speed

As oppose to convent ona screen m F xe spee ) systems, CR s ou e cons ere a

mu t -spee system. T e mage capture ev ce IP) use n CR emp oys a near capture o

exposure far exceeding the capabilities of any conventional film/screen system. For all imaging

mo es except F xe mo e), t e system centers t e exposure ata or process ng, an opt m zesens ty an contrast or sp ay. T ere ore, as exposure s ncrease or ecrease , ens ty an

contrast will remain consistent as opposed to conventional film/screen systems.

As ose ecreases n an e ectron c mag ng system, no se rom t e amp e ower s gna

ncreases. It is the responsibility of each facility to establish exposure ranges that employ the

owest ose ase on t e mage qua ty es re per exam nat on. For examp e, many ac t es

emp oy mu t p e m screen systems to opt m ze spec c exams:

00 Speed high contrast extremity film and screens

00 Spee opt m ze ow contrast c est system

00 Spee genera contrast system or rout ne exams

CR promotes exposure ranges capa e o opt m z ng mage qua ty or a exams, typ ca y

emp oy ng t e same mag ng p ate an cassette. CR o ers a too to e p u ge t e exposure

used on each exam. This tool is called the “S” number. For a thorough explanation of how to

use t s va ue to opt m ze mage qua ty at t e owest ose, see pages 9-11.

Automatic Exposure Controls (AEC) are used in the same manner as with screen/film systems.

Exper ence CR users requent y ut ze t e AEC’s + ens ty sett ng contro s or

opt m z ng mage qua ty.

Note: Even w en a p otot mer s use , resu te mAs may c ange epen ng on t e type o

cassette an etector most y ue to ac scatter c aracter st cs rom t e cassette etector). I

t e p otot mer was opt m ze or convent ona screen m, t s ou e c ec e an a uste

when starting to use CR systems.

he following procedure can be used to set up the AEC with CR:

. Use a m n mum o 10 nc es o water or 6 nc es o P ex g as as an a sor er.

2. Process t e CR mages un er t e Sens t v ty Menu, w c s oun n t e TEST Reg on.

. Make exposures, processing under sensitivity menu, until you get “S” numbers of 200-300.

4. T en o a trac ng run. Dens ty w a ways stay t e same, owever t e “S” num erw c ange. Use t e “S” num er to u ge trac ng o t e p otot mer.

5. With a double exposure, the “S” number will be approximately 2 the original value

“S” num er s nverse y proport ona ).

. Cut t e exposure y an t e “S” num er w approx mate y ou e.




nformation on “S” Numbers

T e “S” num er s an n cator o t e p otost mu a e um nescence PSL) g ven o y t e

maging plate (IP) while being scanned by the laser. The range of the “S” number is zero to

20,045. T e va ues are nverse y proport ona to t e amount o ra at on t at str es t e IP.

The calibration of the “S” number is based on a 1mR exposure at 80 kVp and a SID of 72”.

W t t s exposure, t e “S” num er range s ou e a out 200.

“S” numbers under 75 should be considered overexposed, even though they may look normal

n appearance see pages 11-13). I t e “S” num er goes below 25 an t e “L” va ue s

typ ca y greater t an 2.0 mage qua ty may e comprom se . T ese gross y overexpose

mages cou appear w te un erexpose oo ng) ue to overcorrect on o t e EDR.

Un erexposure s ex te y a g “S” num er, genera y greater t an 500. An un erexpose

mage w ave a greater amount o quantum mott e no se) n t e mage. T e amount o

mottle/noise on the image will be proportional to a high (>500) “S” number.

Exposure s not t e on y actor t at a ects t e “S” num er va ues. “S” num er va ues can a so

be affected during patient examination. Other factors contributing to the “S” number are:

• Scatter more scatter- g er “S” num er)

• Distance - SID and OFD (dose and scatter)

• Co mat on goo co mat on re uces scatter)

• Exam nat on se ecte at t e IIP ue to stogram ana ys s)

• Delay in processing from time of exposure

Because o Exposure Data Recogn t on EDR) auto mo e see page 14 or more n ormat on),

t e “S” num ers can vary s gn cant y even un er t e same su ect an exposure con t ons.

T e o ow ng “S” num er ranges s ou prove as an accepta e gu e w en access ng

exposure recommen at ons.

Skull: 00-400 Chest, General: 200-600

A omen: 00-400 C est, Porta e: 00-400

Sp ne: 00-400 C est, Pe atr c: 200-700

GI: 00-300 Abdomen, Pediatric: 200-700

xtrem t es: 75-200

In ormation on “S” num ers continue ....




Many t mes t s not es ra e to nc u e a t e anatomy t at can e p ys ca y covere y an

P. For examp e, a typ ca c est x-ray on a sma er pat ent may nc u e a arge sect on o t e

abdomen in the non-collimated beam. Inclusion of this extra tissue increases scatter radiation

as we as n uenc ng t e s ape o t e stogram, w c urt er re uces mage qua ty on t efinished radiograph.

Examp e A emonstrates a we -co mate an expose c est mage. From t s mage a typ ca

histogram appearance occurs. The width of the usable histogram is measured in decades of

ose. Examp e A emonstrates a stogram w t an “L” va ue o 2.0.

Example B, the non-collimated view, contains additional abdomen image information. The

nc us on o t s unnecessary n ormat on pro uces a w er stogram o 2.5 eca es o ose.

T s w er stogram re uces mage qua ty an a ters t e “S” num er. “S” num er s t e

center of the usable histogram. Even though the same exposure factors were used on both

mages, t e nc us on o t e a om na reg on on Examp e B ncrease t e “L” va ue an

su sequent y ncrease t e “S” num er.

L” values are as important as “S” numbers when critiquing images. On most studies “L”

va ues typ ca y range etween 1.7 to 2.3. A norma “L” va ues w create a norma “S”

num ers. Images s ou not e re ecte or repeate ecause o “S” num er a one. Image

quality should be judged on the hardcopy or diagnostic workstation. If you have questions

a out gross un er-exposure or over-exposure, see Accepta e Exposure Range or CR P ates.

Ot er actors t at s ou e cons ere w en cr t qu ng CR mages are co mat on, Vp, mAs,

positioning and the processing menu selected.

Example A Example B

Proper y co mate Non-co mate eam

Norma H stogram W er H stogram




cceptable Exposure Range for Fuji CR Imaging Plates

A t oug t e ynam c range o Fu Compute Ra ograp y s extreme y w e, t s poss e to

acquire the image with so little or so much exposure as to exceed the recommended range.

Exposures a ng outs e t s range may comprom se mage qua ty - un erexpos ng t e

mag ng p ate m g t pro uce excess no se mott e), w e gross overexposure may resu t n t eoss of image data (this will be most noticeable as a loss of contrast in less dense body

structures).

Unlike standard screen/film systems which indicate over or underexposure by obviously dark or

g t ra ograp s, ens ty compensat on a unct on ng o EDR) ma es exposure errors ess

o v ous. As a resu t, mage qua ty can e severe y re uce w t out t e o v ous “re ag” o

g t or ar ms.

T e “S” an “L” va ues pr nte on a compute ra ograp can e use u n eterm n ng

exposure con t ons ave cause a oss n mage qua ty. Re at ve to t e anatomy e ng

maged, “S” serves as an indicator of average exposure level, and “L” represents the exposure’s

at tu e. T e o ow ng ta e n cates t e accepta e an unaccepta e “S” & “L” com na-

t ons. Com nat ons outs e t e accepta e range s ou e rev ewe an t e exposure

repeated if a lack of contrast or excessive mottle is apparent.

P ease post t e o ow ng two c arts near your CR Rea er s) or tec no og st re erence.




F C R ( A C - 1 o r l a t e r )

S t a n

d a r d R e a d i n g R a n g e

S T

I m a g i n g P l a t e

- 5 0 0 0

5 0 0

1 , 0

0 0

1 , 5

0 0

2 , 0

0 0

2 , 5

0 0

3 , 0

0 0

3 , 5

0 0

4 , 0

0 0

4 , 5

0 0

5 , 0

0 0

1 .

3

1

. 4

1 .

5

1 .

6

1 .

7

1 .

8

1 .

9

2

2 .

1

2 .

2

2 .

3

2 .

4

2

. 5

2 .

6

2 .

7

L - v a l u e

S - v a l u e

S m a x

S m i n

p o s s i b l e u n d e r e x p o s u r e

r e c o m m e n d e d e x p o s u r e r a n g e

p o s s i b l e o v e r e x p o s u r e

S = 4 , 4 7 7

S = 3 , 9 9 1

S = 3 , 5 5 7

S = 3 , 1 7 0

S = 2 , 8 2 5

S = 2 , 5 1 8

S = 2 , 2 4 4

S = 2 , 0 0 0

S = 1 , 7 8 3

S = 1 , 5 8 9

S = 1 , 4 1 6

S = 1 , 2 6 2

S = 1 , 1 2 5

S = 1 , 0 0 2

S = 8 9 3

S = 9

S = 1 0

S = 1 1

S = 1 3

S = 1 4

S = 1 6

S = 1 8

S = 2 0

S = 2 2

S = 2 5

S = 2 8

S = 3 2

S = 3 6

S = 4 0

S = 4 5




F C R ( A C - 1 o r l a t e r )

S t a n d a r d R e a d i n g R a n g e

H

R I m a g i n g P l a t e

- 5 0 0 0

5 0 0

1 , 0

0 0

1 , 5

0 0

2 , 0

0 0

2 , 5

0 0

3 , 0

0 0

3 , 5

0 0

4 , 0

0 0

4 , 5

0 0

5 , 0

0 0

1 . 3

1

. 4

1 . 5

1 . 6

1 . 7

1 . 8

1 . 9

2

2 . 1

2 . 2

2 . 3

2 . 4

2 . 5

2 . 6

2 . 7

L - v a l u e

S - v a l u e

S

m a x

S

m i n

p o s s

i b l e u n d e r e x p o s u r e

r e c o m m e

n d e d e x p o s u r e r a n g e

p o s s

i b l e o v e r e x p o s u r e

S = 2 , 6 8 6

S = 2 , 3 9 4

S = 2 , 1 3 4

S = 1 , 9 0 2

S = 1 , 6 9 5

S = 1 , 5 1 1

S = 1 , 3 4 6

S = 1 , 2 0 0

S = 1 , 0 7 0

S = 9 5 3

S = 8 5 0

S = 7 5 7

S = 6 7 5

S = 6 0 1

S = 5 3 6

S = 5

S = 6

S = 7

S = 8

S = 9

S = 1 0

S = 1 1

S = 1 2

S = 1 3

S = 1 5

S = 1 7

S = 1 9

S = 2 1

S = 2 4

S = 2 7




Understanding EDR- Auto Mode

T e Auto process ng mo e w a ust ot t e ens ty an t e contrast. Auto process ng mo e

s use or t e ma or ty o exam nat ons n CR.

Auto mo e process ng a ows or mage ata on t e IP to e samp e an uses t e ExposureData Recogn zer EDR) to eterm ne opt ma rea ng con t ons. A stogram s create us ng

the raw image data. The histogram data will be processed in a manor consistent with the ana-

tom ca menu c o ce. For t s reason, t s mportant t at t e menu se ecte on t e IIP corre-

spon s w t t e pat ent exam nat on. I t e ens ty an contrast appear to e ncorrect or t e

particular examination, verify that the IP was processed under the proper anatomical menu.

More t an one v ew can e expose on a s ng e IP. In Auto process ng mo e, co mate

or ers are etecte w t a unct on nown as sp t exposure recogn t on process ng. For t e

best results, the collimated borders should be sharp and well defined. This ensures that

unnecessary n ormat on, suc as scatter, outs e t e co mate e ges w e e m nate rom

t e stogram ana ys s. T s process s o ten re erre to as PRIEF Pattern Recogn zer or

rradiated Exposure Field).

Accepta e Patterns o Exposure Recogn t ons are:

n cu t c rcumstances, w ere proper co mat on an goo pos t on ng seem mposs e to

o ta n, Sem , Sem -X, or F xe mo es m g t e a etter EDR c o ce.




T e Sem process ng mo e s ou on y e use w en center ng an pos t on ng can e assure .

The Semi processing mode will make the proper density adjustments with a fixed latitude,

n epen ent o co mat on. T e Sem mo e o ers an a vantage over t e Automat c mo e, n

t at an EDR over-correct on, ue to co mat on recogn t on can e comp ete y avo e . T smode can be useful for: Odontoid, L5/S1 spot, sinuses, or any other tightly collimated exam

w ere scatter w reac t e p ate outs e t e area o nterest.

Green Stripe

T e s ze o t e center rea ng area var es w t menu se ect on. However, t s a ways ase on

the physical center of the imaging plate. If the primary area of interest is not positioned to the

center o t e cassette, mproper ens t es may e sp aye . T e Sem mo e s not recommen e

w en a g a sorpt on o ect, suc as meta prost es s, s ocate n t e center reg on o t e

cassette. These situations are better handled in the Auto or Fixed modes.

nderstanding EDR- Semi Mode

x7 cm

5x5cm

10x10 cm




Understanding EDR- Semi-X

T e Sem -X mo e, e t e Sem mo e, w ma e t e proper ens ty a ustments w t a xe

at tu e va ue, n epen ent o co mat on. T e Sem -X mo e o ers an a vantage over Sem

mode in that the area of interest does not have to be positioned in the center of the cassette.

T s mo e can e use u w en o ng cross-ta e wor suc as ps or atera c-sp nes, w ere pos t on ng to t e center o t e cassette can e cu t.

t s mportant to a ways remem er t e or entat on o t e cassette. Was t e green str pe up

during the exam? This is most important for specifying the area of interest. Semi-X mode is

se ecte at t e IIP, un er t e EDR mo e. T s g ves you a p cture o t e raw ng on t e top

r g t. Se ect t e sector you want to use as t e centra ocat on or correct ng t e output ens ty

o t e anatom ca pos t on. T s usua y correspon s to t e t c est port on o t e anatom -

ca v ew. Use t e ey oar to enter t e va ue. To c ange t e output average ens ty, press

t e DENSITY ey an nput t e ens ty va ue 0.3-2.64). In most cases t e e au t o 1.2 w

wor we .

If you make DENSITY too high, the result may be a noisy and dark image.

Strive for the best density without darkening the whole image.

Green Str pe

4 6

3




nderstanding EDR- Fixed Mode

T e F xe mo e w g ve t e mage a g t or ar appearance ase on t e amount o

exposure that is used. This is similar to a screen/film system when a manual technique is used.

How o you correct or a g t or ar mage n t e xe mo e? By a ust ng your tec n queand/or reprocessing the image at the Fuji workstation.

When to use the Fixed Mode

T e xe mo e s est use or t e pro em mage, or examp e:

X-Ta e H ps

C7-T1 Latera s

Any Bo y Part w t a ot o Meta Har ware

Any Image you Cannot Center Properly

ow to use the Fixed Mode

F xe Mo e s oun un er t e EDR Exposure Data Recogn t on) unct on. T e EDR s nor-

mally in the AUTO mode. To enter the Fixed Mode, press the button next to Fixed. Over time,

ac t es w eve op typ ca “S” num er ranges or eac exam type. Input a va ue represent-

ng t e “S” num er t at you w s to emu ate. Enter a xe “S” num er

relative to the procedure performed. Press <enter>. Process the IP. Adjust the radiographic

exposure as necessary or reprocess t e mage at your wor stat on.




Using Standard Imaging Processing Parameters

T e o ow ng seven parameters represent t e stan ar mag ng process ng parameters t at

contro contrast, ens ty an spat a reso ut on. A seven o t ese actors nteract. T e most

common image quality modifications are; contrast-GA, density-GS, and enhancement-RE.

Contrast Resolution

GA Rotation Amount: a ust mage contrast. Su t e contrast c ange at GC.

Range from 0.6-1.4, with increments of 0.1.

GT Contrast Type: o ers near an non- near gra at on curves to vary t e toe an

s ou er port ons o t e curve. Curve se ect ons rom A-P.

GC Rotation Center: use w en contrast s to e var e an ens ty rema ns t e

same. Defines density point of GA. Range o 0.3-2.6, w t ncrements o 0.1.

GS Density Shift: to opt m ze ens ty

= More overa ens ty

= Less ens ty g ter or so t t ssue mage)

Range o -1.44 to +1.44 w t ncrements o 0.1.

Spatial Frequency Resolution:

RN Frequency Ran : set to su t t e anatom ca structure s ze e ng v sua ze en ance ). Low = arge organs; g er = one tra ecu ae.

Range of 0-9, with increments of 1.0.

RT Frequency Type: contro s t e egree o en ancement or eac ens ty

to re uce mage gra n ness. Curves se ect on rom F, P-V.

Frequency En ancement Degree: var es ow to g

0.0 = no edge enhancement at all, much like screen/film

6.0 = max mum amount ava a e

Range rom 0.0 to 9.9, w t ncrements o 0.1.Range from 10-16, with increments of 1.0.

Note: Care must e ta en w en ma ng a ustments to process ng parameters. It s poss e to

degrade image information if the algorithms are improperly applied. Contact your local

mag ng spec a st or more n ormat on on t ese a ustments.




sing Dynamic Range Control (DRC)

T e use o DRC w a ow t e v sua zat on o e t er g or ow- ens ty reg ons or spec c

radiographic exams. This type of processing is controlled by three processing parameters that

are escr e e ow.

DRN Rank of Dynamic Range Control (0-9). This parameter defines the unsharp mask,

an s ou e ept at a re at ve y arge erne s ze w t regar s to t e erne RN)

e ng use y t e regu ar process ng parameters. T s num er s nverse y

proportional. “0” being the most unsharp and “9” being the sharpest.

DRT Type o Dynam c Range Contro A-H). For v sua z ng t e necessary ens ty range.

T s type s to trans orm t e smoot e s gna . Curves “A” t roug “D” represent

g ens ty, ra opaque areas. Curves “E” t roug “H” represent a ow ens ty,

ra o ucent area. T e range s A<B<C<D g ens ty, E<F<G<H ow ens ty.

DRE Enhancement of Dynamic Range Control (0.0-2.0). For controlling visualized

ens ty. T s parameter e nes t e we g t a ect) w t w c t e uns arp mas

s app e to t e or g na mage.

Using Tomographic Artifact Suppression (TAS)

TAS s a one- mens ona uns arp mas use to suppress t e art act, w c occurs rom near

tomograp y. T s process ng s contro e y t ree erent process ng parameters escr e

below.

Ran o Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 0-9). T s s use or sett ng spat a

frequency. This parameter defines the one-dimensional unsharp mask. This number

s ou e ept re at ve y arge so t w ave more a ect on t e art act an w not

ncrease t e gra n or mott e o t e mage.

ORT D rect on o Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 0-1). T s num er s or sett ng t e

rect on o t e cassette. Zero “0” or t e cassette n t e vert ca pos t on an one

“1” for the cassette in the horizontal position.

ORE En ancement o one mens on spat a requency 0.0-9.9, 10-16). T s parameter

e nes t e we g t ng actors o w c t e TAS s app e to t e or g na mage.

W en us ng t e TAS t e e ge en ancement RE) o t e or g na mage s ou e set re at ve y

ow to ecrease t e mott e or gra n o t e mage.

Note: Care must e ta en w en ma ng a ustments to process ng parameters. It s poss e to

egra e mage n ormat on t e a gor t ms are mproper y app e . Contact your oca

maging specialist for more information on these adjustments.




rinted CR Film from a Fuji Laser

Process ng Parameters Pat ent ID F m Mar

xam ame Req. Num er Pat ent Name Sex Date o B rt

L# / S# / Contrast and Density Shift Date / Time of IP processing Image Size - Routine

GENERAL HOSPITAL

FUJI COMPUTED

RADIOGRAPHYIMAGE

G 1.2 O #1.6 -0.25 . COMMENT

CHEST, GENERAL 098551316

L . S C *1.0, *1.0 SMITH, JAMES [M] AUG. 25, 1960 B EXP.JAN.3.1996 [08:33] SCALE: 100% RT-01

Name of Institutionmage a e

enu o e mage

EDR Mode CR Device




enitions of Alphanumerics

Name of Institution: A user e ne twenty-c aracter e o a p anumer cs an sym o s.

Image Plate Number: T s s t e arco e num er o t e p ate use to capture t e sp aye

mage.

Exposure Mode: T s s ng e etter represents t e EDR mo e se ecte at t e IIP

A = Automat c M = Manua

S = Semi or Semi-X F = Fixed

Menu Code (MPM): T s s a our- g t co e t at correspon s to t e exam name c osen at t e

.

CR Device: A user e ne s ng e etter t at ent es t e CR ev ce rom w c t e mage was

pro uce . Typ ca y t e etter A s c osen or t e rst rea er an B or t e secon , etc.

Image Number: T s num er s a Fu CR access on num er. T e num er starts at 001 an

runs cont nuous y rom 12:00:01 A.M. to 12:00:00 P.M. creat ng a a y og.

rocessing Parameter: T s st o etters, num ers an sym o s represent t e e au t

process ng parameters. NOTE: I t e parameters are o owe y t e star sym o ), t s s an

ndication that the parameters have been changed from the default values.

xam ame: T s name correspon s to t e Menu Co e at t e top o t e m. T e name or

each exam is user defined.

L Number: T s num er represents t e at tu e o t e mage sp aye on m.

S Number: T s num er represents t e p otost mu a e um nescence sens t v ty) g ven o

y t e mag ng p ate w e e ng scanne n t e rea er.

Contrast and Density Shift: Following the letter C on this line of information are two

num ers separate y a comma. Prece ng eac o t ese num ers s e t er a ) w c

represents pos t ve va ues, or a ) w c n cates negat ve va ues. T e e au ts are set at

*1.0, *1.0 and represent no change in contrast or density from default values.

Requisition Number: An E g t-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one at t eIP.

Information on definitions continued...




atient Identification Number: A Ten-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one

at t e IIP.

atient Name: A twenty-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one at t e IIP.

Date and Time of Processing: This represents the time the Imaging Plate was processed and

not t e exposure t me.

ilm Mark: Input for this field is done at the IIP using the MARK function. This field allows

or custom annotat on. NOTE: T s e cannot e use to rep ace anatom ca L R mar ers.

Sex and Date of Birth: Input or t ese e s s one at t e IIP. T e e or pat ent sex s a

single letter field for M or F, it can also be left blank. The format for date of birth is user

e ne , or t e pat ents age can e su st tute n t s e .

Image Size: This scale represents the image size reduction if applicable.

rocessing Mode- Routine: Batc process ng n ormat on w e sp aye .




Image Analysis

W at to C ec F rst-

. Was t e correct anatom ca menu se ecte ?

2. Was the body part well centered? Was the correct amount of collimation used?

3. Was scattere ra at on contro e ?

• Use gr t e o y part s over 10 cm. T s nc u es arge porta e c ests).

For gr recommen at ons see pages 6 an 7.

• Lea e str ps s ou e use w en o ng more t an one exposure on a

cassette.

4. Was t e correct Vp range use or t e o y part?

• Do not use a ove 90 Vp w t out a gr .

• Do not use ess t an 55 Vp or any genera ra ograp y exam.

5. Was t e correct IP use ? See page 5.

6. Was the “S” number within the acceptable range for this exam? See pages 9 and 10.

. Was t e “L” va ue w t n t e accepta e range or t e “S” num er? See pages 10-13.

. Has t e IP een use w t n t e ast 24 ours? Was t e IP expose to scatter ra at on pr or to use?

Neonata Spec c-

. Was t e correct menu se ecte ? Neonata exams are erent t an pe atr c.

2. Was t e Vp at east 55? Was t e mAs at east 1?

3. Was t e sma est cassette use ?

4. Was t e o y part pos t one n t e m e o t e IP? 5. Are t e “S” num ers an “L” va ues n t e correct range? See pages 9-13.




Troubleshooting Guide

Image contrast and density

Contrast

ro em ossible Cause Solutions

Image contrast consistently Contrast parameter ncrease t e GA. A 10%

too ow. set too ow c ange n contrast equa s .10

change in the GA.

C ange t e GT gra ent

type). This change effects

ot er parameters suc as GA,

GS, an GC.

Image contrast consistently Contrast parameter Decrease t e GA. A 10%

too high. set too g c ange n contrast equa s .10

change in the GA.

C ange t e GT gra ent type).

T s c ange e ects ot er

parameters such as GA, GS,

an GC.

Image contrast inconsistently Grid Cut-off mproper alignment of grid.

too low in contrast

Contrast and Densit

roblem ossible Cause Solutions

Image contrast and density are mproper se ect on o C ec to see t at t e mage

too high or too low. anatomical menu was processed under the correct

menu name.

Image contrast and/or density ilm processing Check the density calibration

increase or decrease day to day. on t e aser pr nter, a ust

nee e .

C ec t e c em ca s or at gue.

Rep en s or rep ace as nee e .




Density


Image is inconsistently dark mproper exposure Over ap o exposure w en

and flat ec n que or EDR o ng two on one exposures.

Scatter ra at on on t e gap

etween sp t exposures.

B urre co mat on e ge.

mproper split image pattern.

See page 14

Image is white or unexposed Gross overexposure Reduce the radiographic

exposure. I t e “S” num er

goes e ow <25 an t e “L”

value is greater than 2.0

mage qua ty may e

comprom se .

See page 9-13 or more

nformation.

Ima e ualit

Sharpness appearance of unsharpness)


Image looks unsharp in certain mage contrast an or A g er contrast or g er

areas of interest. ens ty set too ow ens ty may mprove t e

mpress on on s arpness. Try

a s g t ncrease n t e GA or

GS.

E too ow ncreas ng t e RE, ncreases

sharpness. Note: Increasing

t e RE w ncrease t e no se.

S arpness continue ...





N too low Higher frequency

en ancement. Too mucrequency en ancement w

ncrease the graininess or

art acts.

T not adequate for The following RT’s (U, T, P,

s menu an F) may ncrease t e

s arpness, espec a y n t e

ow- ens ty r g t) reg ons.

RT of F will be the sharpest.

raininess


Overa mage gra n ness E set too g RE s ou e 0.0 to 1.0 or

for images in the same an enhanced image (too

anatom ca menu ow o RE can seem e an

uns arp mage).

N set too high Enhancement on a lower

requency.

T not a equate or RT’s o Q, R, S may ecrease

s menu gra n ness espec a y n t e

ow-density (bright) region.

Contrast too g Lower t e GA to ecrease t e

contrast. The impression of

gra n ness may mprove w t

ower contrast. A s g t

ncrease n t e GS m g t e

necessary.

Graininess continued...




ro em Possible Cause Solutions

2K mage ata es T s occurs ue to g eve s

“ own” up to e s ze o no se n uce y t eimages on larger magnification process used to

cassette s ze stu es en arge an mage capture n a

2K x 2K ormat. An ncrease

n exposure, compared to the

or g na manu acturer’s

ntent ons may e requ re .

Fu HQ 4K x 4K) mage

capture s ava a e to s tes

w o requ re u reso ut on on

a cassette s zes w t no

ncrease in exposure

necessary.

Inconsistent Grainy Images X-ray exposures too low ncrease X-ray exposure. As

ose ecreases X-ray no se

quantum no se ncreases).

S” numbers greater than

500-ex t un erexposure.

ote: Even w en a p ototimer is

sed, resulted mAs may change

depending on the type of cassette an etector (most y

ue to ac scatter c aracteristics

from the cassette/detector). If the

p ototimer was optimize or

conventiona screen i m, it s ou

e checked and adjusted when

starting to use CR system.

Wrong anatomical menu Use the proper anatomical menu

or t e o y part.

Excessive Scatter on Image mproper collimation. Only area

o nterest s ou e expose ,

avo nc u ng extra anatomy.

Use a grid on thickness over 10cm.

Gr Cut-o mproper a gnment o gr .




Artifacts

ro em ossible Cause Solutions

Artifacts appear on the border E set too g Strong en ancement may

igh-contrast anatomies and causes mage process ng

aterials, such as bone and artifact around high

etal contrast e ges.

White, irregular artifact ec an ca amage to C ec t e sur ace o t e IP,

appear on the image. e p osp or see t ere mec an ca

amage o t e same s ape.

White, grain-like artifacts hosphor damage or dust Check the surface of the IPappear on the image. an see any ust as

a ere to t. I so, w pe t

away using the proper

c ean ng tec n que.

See pages 30 an 31.

I t ere s no o v ous ust,

c ec t e co or t e IP

surface. If the IP has a slight

ye ow s co or, t means t at

mo sture as amage t e protect ve ayer an p osp or

itself.

Note: I iqui was e t on t e

sur ace o t e IP or a perio

of time, it might penetrate the

p osp or. T is usua y

appens i somet ing ot er

than anhydrous ethanol was

use to c ean t e IP or i IP

was put into t e cassettebefore is was completely dried.

Arti acts Continue ...





Appearance of double exposed ouble Exposed The auto density adjustment of

images CR mages w pro uce a

ra ograp w t norma

appearing density and contrast

a prev ous y use IP s

acc enta y re-expose .

rasure systems Contact t e tec n ca support

a unct on ot ne.




Routine Maintenance

Daily: C ec ens ty on t e pr nter processor.

Weekly: C ean a r nta es on t e CR rea er.

Monthly: Inspect Imaging Plates and clean as needed. Inspect cassettes for any

p ys ca amage.

Semi-annually: Do Preventive Maintenance (PM) as per Service Manual.

onthly Procedures

IP Cleaning: W e wear ng nt ree cotton g oves, nspect t e IP’s v sua y; remove any rt,

a r, or nt. Use e t er a nt ree c ot p otograp c ens c ot ) gent y ru ng t e sur ace o

t e IP, or rus t e IP w t a came a r rus . I art acts rema n, use t e recommen e

cleaning solution, always following the guidelines (MSDS) recommended by the distributor of

t e c ean ng so ut on.

Anhydrous ethanol is the only solution used for cleaning IP’s ST-V/HR-V generation or

g er. Do not use water, screen c eaner or sopropy a co o to c ean IP’s). Put a sma

amount o t e so ut on on t e nt ree c ot an w pe t e sur ace o t e IP n a z gzag pattern to

remove the artifacts. If an artifact cannot be removed by these methods or if physical damage

s note , t e p ate s ou e remove rom serv ce.

Cassette Inspection: Inspect cassettes for physical damage. (Insertion of a broken cassette

nto a CR rea er can resu t n mec an ca a ure an system s ut own). C ec cassette nges,nge r vets an c asps. Inspect ea ac ng or pee ng or ot er p ys ca amage.

Cassette Cleaning: CR cassettes can e c eane w t any o t e c ean ng so ut ons typ ca y

use or t e c ean ng o screen m ra ograp c cassettes. A ways remove t e IP e ore

c ean ng. DO NOT mmerse t e cassette w en c ean ng.

A protect ve p ast c) ag s ou e use w t t e presence o oo or ot er o y u s. DO

NOT nsert a mo st cassette nto t e CR rea er. I necessary, remove t e IP rom wet cassette

and insert (make sure the IP is dry) into a dry cassette. Blood or other body fluids should be

c eane w t t e appropr ate germ c a agent. A ways wear appropr ate protect ve c ot ng

w en an ng any so ut on.




Cleaning Solution for Imaging Plates

T-V/HR-V Generation and Higher

mag ng P ates t at are generat on ST-V HR-V or g er s ou use an y rous et ano or

routine cleaning. Anhydrous ethanol is a water free liquid unlike isopropyl alcohol. This

so vent s a e era y contro e HAZMAT. FMSU cannot nventory, se , or prov e t sso ut on to t e en user.

Hosp ta a orator es or p armac es usua y ave t s so ut on n stoc or ot er uses, so we are

recommen ng t e ra o ogy Q.C. epartment s mp y o ta n t e r nee e supp y rom t e r

a oratory. In t e event t s s not t e case, sma quant t es 5 ga ons or ess per year) can e

purchased from:

armco Pro ucts, Inc.

58 Vales Road

roo e , CT 06804

Contact: Nancy Sm t 203) 740-3471 ext.116 Specify: Denatured Alcohol SDA3A 200 Proof

sopropy a co o can on y e use or c ean ng IP’s STIII generat on an o er.




CR Imaging Plate and Cassette Warranty Policy*

Fu Compute Ra ograp y Imag ng P ate

FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA warrants Fu CR Imag ng P ates to e ree rom

manu actur ng e ects or 1,000 exposures or one year rom ate o nsta at on or sa enstallation is not documented), whichever comes first. This warranty is voided if the IP is not

an e , expose , c eane or processe n t e manner escr e n t e FCR Rea er Serv ce

an or Operat ons Manua or t e IP s use n anyt ng ot er t an a Fu -manu acture CR

reader.

Fu Compute Ra ograp y Cassette

FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA warrants Fu CR cassettes or a per o o one year rom ate

o nsta at on or sa e nsta at on s not ocument).

The following terms apply to the warranty for both CR Imaging Plates and cassettes.

. T e pro uct must ave een purc ase rom FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA, or an

authorized reseller.

2. Pro ucts onore un er warranty, y FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA, ecome Fu ’s

property.

3. Pro ucts amage t roug a use, neg ect, mproper an ng, unaut or ze

modification, or accident will not be replaced under warranty.

T s warranty po cy s m te to Imag ng P ates purc ase rect y rom FUJIFILM Me ca

Systems USA.




Fuji Cares About the Environment*

FUJIFILM an ts su s ar es ave t re ess y an stea y cont nue ts e orts an act v t es n

t e rea m o env ronment preservat on. Fu m s e cate to “preserv ng a green Eart an

ts environment, preserving health, and preserving safety.” As part of this effort, FUJIFILM

Me ca Systems USA s prov ng t e o ow ng n ormat on on Fu Compute Ra ograp yFCR) Imag ng P ate sposa .

uji Imaging Plate Disposal

Many products used on a regular basis at healthcare facilities such as oil, fluorescent light

u s, s arps, sposa e surg ca supp es, an test spec mens must e spose o n a

spec a ze manner. Your FCR Imag ng P ates IP’s) conta n a sma amount o ar um w c

must e scar e n accor ance w t t e aws o you state an t e U.S. Env ronmenta

Protection Agency (EPA). The disposal of used IP’s must be handled by a licensed transport

an sposa company an must not e spose o mproper y.

uji Medical Will Help

FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA as prov e t s s mp e gu e to ass st you n t e proper

disposal of your IP’s, which should make compliance easier. Please call your local Fuji CR

Spec a st or ca 800) 431-1850 an as or t e Env ronmenta Regu atory A a rs Department.

Your Responsibilities

Your ac ty may a rea y ave an EPA ent cat on num er. I you o not, you may nee to

apply for an EPA ID number from your state. Contact your state environmental protectionagency or t e appropr ate orms. T e use IP’s must e remove y an aut or ze transporter

an sposa organ zat on. P ease remem er t at you are u t mate y respons e or ow t e

use IP’s are spose .

T s n ormat on perta ns to customers w t n t e U.S.A. For customers outs e t e U.S.A.,

contact your appropr ate env ronmenta agency.

In ormation on Disposa o Fuji Imaging P ate continue ...




Step by Step Instructions:

. App y or an EPA ent cat on , necessary.

. ave the used IP’s removed by an authorized organization (your state environmental

protect on agency can e p you ocate an aut or ze an reputa e sposa organ zat on).

. rior to removal of the used IP’s, ensure that the transporter has an accurate manifest.

. nsure t at a copy o t e man est s orwar e to you w t n 35 ays o t e ay t e use

P’s were accepte y t e transporter.

5. Assure t at you or your transporter prov es cop e o t e man est to ot t e or g n an

rec p ent states.

. T e paperwor must e ma nta ne y your organ zat on or a m n mum o t ree years.




Image Review Log Sheet

Date T’S Name or Comments

.D. Number

Note: Any mages t at nee to e rev ew y an mag ng spec a st s ou e p ace on t s og. Inc u e any

a t ona n ormat on suc as tec n que, gr or pos t on ng s sues. A copy o t s og s ou e p ace n a areas

where images are reviewed.




Notes





Documents

FUJİ CR Users-guide