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Fueling Phoenix’s
Past, Present & Future
APWA Sustainability Conference
May 14, 2013
Joe Giudice, Deputy Public Works Director
City of Phoenix
About the City of Phoenix
6th largest city in U.S.
Largest city with council-manger form
Water use, air quality, land use planning major
sustainability challenges
AAA bond rating
The city takes up more than 500 square miles,
geographically exceeding Los Angeles.
City of Phoenix Fleet Sustainability
Commitment of Leadership
Top 10 Green Fleet Ranking 2010-2012 - #5 in 2012
Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition
Sustainable Fleet Policy Energy Security
Protect Air Quality
Diversity of Fuel/Price Volatility
The Phoenix Way
Portfolio of Alternative Fuels
Why Alternative Fuels
Regional Air Quality
Law and Politics
Managed Competition
Energy Security
National Trend
Regional Air Quality
South Mountain 8/2/12
– this is a “green” day
CO2 Reduced over 5 Years Pounds of CO2 Reduced Over Last 5 Years
Without Alternative
Fuel Use
With Alternative Fuel Use
0
200,000,000
400,000,000
600,000,000
800,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,200,000,000
1,400,000,000
1,600,000,000
1,800,000,000
Po
un
ds o
f C
O2
Without Alternative Fuel Use With Alternative Fuel Use
} 75 Million Pounds of CO2
Alternative Fuel Vehicle
Law & Politics
Local government must develop and
implement vehicle fleet plans
At least 75% of the total local government
fleet must operate on alternative fuel
(Reference Arizona Revised Statutes 9-
500.04, 49-474.01, 49-541, and 49-571)
Energy Security
Cost Savings: CNG vs. Diesel
0
1
2
3
4
2000 2008 2015 2025 2035
Diesel
History
(2008 dollars per gallon of diesel equivalent)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
NatGas
Source: Clean Cities Coalition
National Trends
“At our current rate of conversion, we plan to have more
than 3,100 trucks … on natural gas and other alternative
fuels by the end of 2015” (source: Republic Services website)
“Waste Management … will announce it is pushing
forward on a nationwide plan to convert all of its 18,342
trucks from loud and smoky diesel engines to quieter
and cleaner compressed natural gas-powered
machines.” (source: Houston Chronicle chron.com)
History Of Program
History Of Program
History Of Program
Test LNG Refuse Truck
History Of Program
Refuse Truck
Performance Test Results
Productivity Payload Fuel Savings
Maintenance Costs
Air Quality
B20 Diesel
--- --- --- --- ---
LNG
CNG
---
B20 HLA
Chart from Eaton HLA Report December, 2011
Fueling the Future
Sustainable Fleet Strategy
Future Energy Portfolio
50% Target – 2-3 years
100% Target by 2020
Managed competition require alternative fuel use
Sky Harbor Airport
Phoenix Transit System
What is Natural Gas
Primarily methane – accounts
for 25% of US energy
80-90% domestically produced
Renewable natural gas
Gas at standard temp/pressure
Abundant domestic reserves
CNG vs. LNG
Cleaner Burning Fuel
Carbon Reduction: Diesel creates 22.4 lbs of carbon
for each gallon burned vs. Natural Gas that creates
15.1 lbs of carbon for each gallon burned.
An average garbage truck burns 40 gallons of fuel per
day/10,560 gallons per year. Switching to Natural Gas
can reduce carbon footprint by 77,088 lbs per truck
annually.
According to America’s Natural Gas Alliance ONE CNG
refuse truck = taking 325 cars off the road
Phoenix – Solid Waste Program
550 Square Miles
398,000 Residential Customers
4+ Million Miles
4 Service Centers
286 Slow Fill stations
Fuel Cost Savings: CNG vs.
Diesel Each new truck is projected to travel approximately 1,227 miles per month
Monthly fuel savings with CNG - $1157.00 Per Truck
Annual fuel savings of $13,885 Per Truck
Annual fuel savings for a 286 truck fleet: $3.9M
CNG (DGE) Diesel
Miles Per Gallon 2.67 2.73
Fuel Needed Per Month 460 450
Approximate Fuel Cost $1.50 $3.60
Monthly Fuel Cost $461.00 $1,618.00
Moving Towards a CNG Fleet
Diesel to CNG Transition
2012-2020
3%
18%
32%
49%
73%
89% 90% 92% 94%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Percentge of CNG
Percentage of Diesel
Paradigm Shift of Fuel Program
Fuel Infrastructure
Fuel Metering
Slow fill vs. Fast fill
Shop Infrastructure
Compressor considerations
Paradigm Shift of Fuel Program
Fuel supply (emergency)
Evacuation System
Maintenance support / costs
Driver time spent fueling (slow-fill)
Tank Issues
No exhaust after-treatment system
CNG SIDE FILL PANEL
Slow Fill Port Transit Port
Vent/Transfer
Port
Lessons Learned
Technology Takes Time (Be Patient!)
No One Size Fits All
Consider All Costs
Keep abreast of technology changes
and plan for the future
Questions?
Joe Giudice, Deputy Public Works Director
Tony Miano, Deputy Public Works Director
