Fsi-JapaneseFast-StudentText

Familiarization&Short-termTraining

1988JapaneseSectionSchoolofLanguageStudies

FOREIGNSERVICEINSTITUTEU.S. DEPARTMENTOFSTATE

TableofContents

Lesson Contents

FirstEncounters IntroductiontoJapanandtheJapaneselanguage2. Findingoutwhereyouare 193. Identifyingobjects 354. Askingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseor 51

services5. Introductions 65

II. GettingDirections 6. PlacenamesofinterestinTokyo 797. Somebasicplaceexpressions 898. Gettingtheansweryouwant(1) 1059. Gettingtheansweryouwant(2) 11910. Askingthedistance 137

ReviewLesson:MakingItWork(1) 155

III. Transpoation a1. Buyingatrainticket 15712. Takingtherighttrain 17513. Gettingoffattherightstop 19114. Findinbguouttherightexitandchangingtrains 205

andbuses15. Takingataxi 219

IV. Shopping 16. Locatingmerchandise 23517. Askingforserviceandindicatingpreference 25118. Makingadecision 26919. Payingandreceivingchange 28520. Dailygreetings 299


V. EatingOut 21. Seat~ng andaskingforservice 32122. Placinganorder 33523. Placinganorderandpaying 351

VI. Telephoning 24. Openingatelephoneconversation 37125. Makingandreceivingabusinesscall 38326. Moretelephonecalls 399

VII. Emergenciesand 27. Emergencies 413Problems 28. Gettingthingsfixed 427

VIII. UsefulExpressions 29. Goingoutforentertainment 44130. Expressingappreciationregretandother 457

sentiments


Japanese-EnglishGlossary 473

English-JapaneseGlossary 496

TableofMonthsDaysWeeksandCounters 516

???

PREFACE

TheJapaneseFamiliarizationandShortTerm(FAST)CourseisoneofaseriesofsimilarforeignlanguagecoursesproducedattheForeignServiceInstitutethatareintendedtotrainU.S.Governmentpesonnelassignedtooverseasposts. TheobjectiveoftheFASTCoursesistohelpstudentsacquirethecommunicationskillsnecessarytodealwiththemostcommonsocialanddailylifesituationstheywillencounterduringtheiroverseasassignments.Languageformsadequatetosatisfypersonalneeds"how-to"informationandculturalhighlightsarepresentedinaformatthatwillencouragestudentstotryoutandusewithconfidencethelanguageskillstheyhavedeveloped.

TheoriginalversionoftheJapaneseFASTCoursewasdraftedin1981byTetsuoKumatoriyaandMariTakahashiunderthedirectionofMadelineE.Ehrman.Thesematerialswereeditedin1985byJohnB.RatliffIIIandHedyA.St.Denis.BasedonobservationofstudentperformanceandcommentsofbothstudentsandinstructorsatFSIthecoursehasbeenextensivelyrevisedoverthepastseveralyears.Mrs.TomokoTanakaCampenSeniorInstructorintheFSIJapaneseSectionhasbeendeeplyinvolvedinthisworkalongwiththeteamofinstructorsthatsheheads:MiyukiFogelMasaloGonzales-MonteroMasaloNantoandSetsukoPfeiffer.ThomasE.Maddenassistedwiththedesignandlay-outofthecamera-readycopyandCorneliusC.Iublerwasresponsiblefortheeditingofthefinalversionofthecourse.

TheJapaneseFASTCoursewasdesignedasasix-weekintroductorycourseforemployeesanddependentswithimminentassignmentstoJapanwhoareunabletotaketheregular44-weekJapaneseBasicCourse.ItshouldbenotedthattheFASTCoursedoesnotattempttopresentasystematiccomprehensiveintroductiontoJapanesegrammar;insteadbitsandpiecesofthegrammararepracticedandexplainedastheyappearnaturallyinthedialogs. Inviewoftheemphasisontheimmediatelypracticalandtheamountoftimeavailablealllinguisticexplanationshavebeengreatlysimplified.

UsersofthesematerialswhohavesuggestionsforimprovementofthisfirstpublishededitionshouldsendthemtotheJapaneseLanguageSectionDepartmentofAsianandAfricanLanguagesSchoolofLanguageStudiesForeignServiceInstituteDepartmentofStateWashingtonD.C.20520.

WashingtonD.C. July1988

Lesson1 IntroductiontoJapanandtheJapaneselanguage

Lesson 1

INTRODUCTIONTOJAPANAND

THEJAPANESELANGUAGE

O

Inthislessonyouwilllearnhowto

stateyournameJapanesestyle

greetpeopleinJapanese

saythefollowinginJapanese:'Idon'tunderstand''Iunderstand'

askaJapanesepersontorepeatsomething

countnumbersupto99

YouwillalsobecomefamiliarwithafewrepresentativescenesfromandfactsaboutJapan

lesson1 IntroductiontoJapanandtheJapaneselanguage

Presentation

1. Theinstructorwillselectfromamongthefollowingtoshowtotheclass:

a. filmsslidesandvideotapesb. picturespostcardsmagazinesdollsbooksnewspapersmoneyetc.

Askaboutanddiscusswithyourinstructorsandfellowstudentsanythingwhichyoufindinterestinginthefilmsordisplays.

2. YouwillprobablyfindthatyoualreadyknowsomeJapanese.WhataresomeoftheJapanesewordsyouhaveheardbefore?Telltheclass.

HaveyoubeentoJapan?Ifsobrieflydescribeyourexperiencetotheclass.Whatcitiesdidyouvisitandwhomdidyoumeet?Tellthenamesofthecitiesandpersonstotheclass.Practicethepronunciationofthewordsoutloudbyrepeatingaftertheinstructor.

3. a. ListentotheinstructorreadthefollowingJapanesewordsandguessthemeaningofeachword.ThewordsareoriginallyfromEnglishbuttheyarefrequentlyusedinpresentdayJapanese.(Youdon'thavetomemorizethewordsnowtheywillappearinlaterunits.)

YOURTASK: listenandguessthemeaningPURPOSE: familiarizationwiththesoundsystem

basu 5. erebeetaa 9. esukareetaa 13. koora2. biiru 6. chokoreeto 10. sandoitchi 14. sarada3. menyuu 7. wain 11. shatsu 15. seetaa4. biifu 8. koohii 12. hanbaagaa 16. sokkusu

b. Makesureyourguesswasorrect.Repeataftertheteachertopracticepronunciation.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

confirmationandrepetitionwithmeaningunderstoodfamiliarizationwiththesoundsystem

c. Theinstructorwillshowyouaseriesofpicturesandask

Korewanandesuka? Whatisthis?

Answerthequestionbysaying...desuwhichmeans'(It)is...'

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

looklistenandanswerpracticepronunciationintroductionof...desutoidentifyanobject

2

4. a.


ListentotheinstructorreadAmericannamespronouncedintheJapaneseway.Guesswhatnameswereread.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

listenandguessthemeaningcomprehensionofcommonAmericannames

1. Sumisu2. Teeraa3. Hoomuzu

4. Joonzu5. Tonpuson6. Andaason

7. Jonson8. Toomasu9. Reegan

10. Buraun11. Makudonarudo12. Jakuson

b. Makesureyourguesswascorrect. Repeatthenamesaftertheinstructortopracticepronunciation.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

confirmationandrepetitionpracticeJapanesepronunciationofAmericannames

c. Practicethepronunciationofyournameaswellasthenamesoftheotherstudents.

d. TellyourinstructoryournameinJapanesesaying

Watakushiwa...desuwhichmeans'I'm.'

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

tellyournamepronunciationofyournameintroductionofWatakushiwa...desu.

5. a. Theinstructorwillcalltheroll.Sayhaimeaning'yes'whenyournameisailed.(Inthissituationthewordcanmean'here'or'present.')

Instructor:

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

...san.

listenandanswercomprehensionofAmericannames...sanandaffirmativeanswers

b. Whatdoestheinstructorsayaftereachname? Whatdoyouthinkisthemeaningoftheword? Discuss.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

listenandidentifyawordanditsmeaningaddressterm...san

c. Theinstructorwilltellyouhisorherfullname. Listencarefullyandwriteitdown.Dids/hesay...sanattheendofthename? Whichdoyouthinkisthefirstnameandthelastname? S/hewillalsogivesomecommonJapanesenames. RepeataftertheinstructortopracticepronunCiation.

Instructor:

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

Watakushiwa...desu.

listenandwritewordorderofJapanesenamesintroductionofcommonJapanesenames

3


6. a. LookatthemapofJapan(Nihon )belowandidentifythenamesoftheislandsandthecitieswhereAmericanconsulatesandAmericancentersarelocated.Praticethepronunciationofeachplacerepeatingaftertheinstructor.

AmericanIsland Consulate Center

(USIA)IIIIII11111I

Hokkaid Sapporo Sapporo Honshu Tokyo Tokyo

Osaka Osaka

Kobe NagoyaKyoto

Shikoku

Kyushu Fukuoka FukuokaOkinawa Naha

1111G~9

Na

4


b. TheinstructorasksyouaquestionbyreferringtothemapofJapan. Answerthequestion.

Example:

Instructor:Student:

Korewa(placename)desuka?Haisoodesu. Yesitis

OR

liechigaimasu. Noitisnot.(Iit.Noitisdifferent.)

Whenyoudonotunderstandtheword(s)theinstructorsaidaskhimorhertorepeatthequestionbysaying

Suminasen.Mooichi-doittekudasai.

I'msorry.OR Excuseme.Pleasesay(that)again.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

answerthequestionandgetunclearquestionsrepeatedintroducepositiveandnegativeanswersandrequestsforrepetition

c. CommunicationGame

Directions:

OnestudentpointstoaplaceonthemapofJapanandaskswhetheritisapaicularplacebysaying:Korewa(placename)desuka?Asecondstudentanswershis/herquestionbysayingeither:Haisoodesuorliechigaimasu. Ifthesecondstudentdoesnotgetawordinthequestions/heasksthefirststudenttorepeatthequestionbysayingSumimaser.Mooichi-doittekudasai.

7. a. Thefollowingexpressionsareusedasgreetings.Listentotheinstructorandrepeat.

Ohayoogozaimasu.Konnichiwa.Konbanwa.Sayoonara.

Goodmorning.GoodafternoonORGoodday.Goodevening.Good-bye.

YOURTASK:PURPOSE:

listenandrepeatintroductionofgreetingexpressions

5


b. Practicethefollowinggreetings:

A: ...sanohayoogozaimasu. GoodmorningMr./Ms..B: Ohayoogozaimasu. Goodmorning.

2. A: Konnichiwa. U Goodafternoon.B: Konnichiwa. Goodafternoon.

3. A: Konbanwa.B: Konbanwa.

4. A: Sayoonara.B: Sayoonara.

????????????

Good-bye.Good-bye.

????

6


8. Classroomexpressions

DuringthecourseyourinstructorwilltrytocommunicatewithyouusingJapanesewheneverpossible.Youwillfindthefollowingclassroomexpressionshelpfulforsmoothercommunication. (TheseexpressionswillalsobeusefulforcommunicationwithJapanesepeopleoutsideclass.)

a.

b.

Instructor:Student:

Student:

Wakarimasuka?Haiwakarimasu.

ORliewakarimasen.

Mooichi-doittekudasai.

Doyouunderstand?YesIunderstand.

NoIdon'tunderstand.

Pleasesayitagain.

9. Readingnumbers

ThefollowingistheJapanesenumericalsystemfromzeroto99. Practicethepronunciationofthenumbersbyrepeatingaftertheinstructor.

zero 30 san-Juuichi 31 san.uidhi

2 nI 32 san-JuunI

3 san

4 shi/yon 40 yon-Juu

5 go 50 nO-IUU

6 roku 60 roku-juu

7 shichilnana 70 nana-Juu

8 hachi 80 hachi-juu

9 ku/kyuu 90 kyuu-juu

10 JUu

11 juuichi 91 kyuu-juuichi

12 JUunI 92 kyuu-juuni

13 JUusan 93 kyuu-juusan

14 juushi/yon 94 kyuujuushi/yon

15 juugo 95 kyuu-juugo

16 juuroku 96 kyuu-juuroku

17 juushichi/nana 97 kyuu-juushichi

18 juuhachi 98 kyuu-juuhachi

19 juuku/kyuu 99 kyuu-juukyuu

20 nJUU

7


VOCABULARY KOTOBA

Presentation

kore this(thing)

wa (followstopicofclauseorsentence) i

nan what?

desu islamlare

ka (indicatesaquestion)

watakushi

Nihon Japan

hai yes E

...san Mr.Mrs.Ms. ..

soo thussoorrect

lie no

chigainasu wrongdifferent su1asen excusemeI'msorry moo moreagainfurther

ichi-do onetimeonce

ittekudasai pleasesay

Ohayoogozaimasu goodmorning

Konnichiwa gooddaygoodafternoon

Konbanwa goodevening

Sayoonara good-bye

wakarimasu understand

wakarimasen notunderstand(negative formofwakarimasu)

8


Notes

senseeOgenkidesuka?

Personalizedlist

teacherinstructor

Howareyou?(lit.Areyouwell?)(polite)

Thisiswhereyoucanaddwordsyouwanttoknowandhaveaskedforinclass.Trytokeepthislistfairlyshort.

9


SupplementaryMaterial

Practiereadingthefollowingnumbers:

5 8 9 4

3 7 6 2

10 13 14

25 28 30 36

37 49 22 47

36 50 51 66

40 53 67 20

19 70 74 45

80 83 38 90

95 59 91 99

2. Readingtelephonenumbers

OnceyouknowthenumbersfromzerotonineinJapaneseyoucansaytelephonenumbersquiteeasily.lookatthefollowing:

123-4567 Reading:ichinisannoyongorokushichi(ornana).

Note:TheparticlenoisreadintheplacewherethehyphenisplacedinEnglish.

Nowreadthefollowingtelephonenumbers:

123-4512 7890869

2345134 8679607

3154253 6089706

4235434 4782106

6787099 3162800

3354783

912-6452

756-1863

4043177

539-9530

10


USAGENOTES&HINTSFORCONVERSATION

1. DotheJapaneseunderstandEnglish????????? ????????????????????????????? ?? ?????????

?????????????????

?? ???

????

??

????

ThereforealmostallJapaneseknowsomeEnglish. Howeverfewcanuseitforconversationalpurposes.

AlthoughalargenumberofEnglishwordsarecurrentlyusedinJapaneseaswehaveseenthepronunciationofthesewordsisJapanized insuchawaythattheyareusuallyunrecognizabletoforeigners(andthesamewordsusuallycannotbeunderstoodbyJapanesewhenspokenbyanativespeakerofEnglish).

ThereforewhenyouneedtocommunicatewithaJapanesepersoninEnglishtrytopickastudentorayoungerpersonwhosememoryofEnglishislikelytobefreshorwritedownwhatyouwanttosayformanyJapanesefinditeasiertounderstandEnglishwhenitiswrittenthanwhenitisspoken.

GenerallyspeakingmostJapaneseworkingattheEmbassyorconsulatesdounderstandEnglish. HoweveryouwillfindtheJapaneseyouwilllearninthiscoursetobeveryusefulandallJapanesewillmuchappreciatetheeffortyouhavemadetolearntheirlanguage.

2. Japanesenames

AJapanesenameconsistsofthefamilynameandthegivennameinthatorder.ThefamilynameisfarmorefrequentlyusedinJapanesethaninEnglish.Firstnamesareusuallyusedonlyamongintimates.OrdinarilytheJapanesedonothavemiddlenames. NamesinJapanesearealmostalwayswritteninChinesecharactersorKanjiandcertainKanjiarefrequentlyusedincommonJapanesenames.ThereforeitwillbeeasierforyoutorecognizeJapanesenamesifyouknowtheseKanji.

Forexamplewhatdothefollowingnameshaveincommon?

Yamada Yamanaka Yamaoto Yamashita

Thecommonpa yamaisrepresentedbytheKanji whosemeaningis'mountain.'MostJapanesenamesarewrittenwithtwoKanjiandUJisoneofthemostcommonones.

AnotherommonKanjiusedinnamesis 'neefield'whichisusuallyreadastaorda.TanakaVarna andNakaareexamplesofnamesthatontainthisKanji.

11


TrywritingthenameYamada. Whatdoyouthinkitmeans?

ThefollowingaresomeothercommonKanjiusedinfamilynames:

shita ()naka ()mura ()

belowmiddlevillage

e.g.e.g.e.g.

YamashitaTanakaYamaura

()()()

Femalegivennamesareoftenrecognizablebythepresenceofko()'child'attheendofthename.Manymalenamesendin0()'man''husband''male'etc.

Thefollowingaresomecommongivennamesthatcontainthesesounds:

female:male:

KazukoKazuo

YasukoYasuo

KimikoKimio

Needlesstosaytherearemanyothergivennamesthatdonotendinkooro.

AlthoughKanjihavetheirownindependentmeaningsthesemeaningsarenotordinarilyrecognizedconsciouslywhenusedinJapanesenames.ThesameistrueinEnglish.ForexampleanEnglishspeakerwouldnotthinkapersonnamedMilleractuallyrunsamill.LikewiseEnglishspeakersdonotnecessarilythinkofthecolor'green'whentheymeetapersonnamedGreen.

3. Formsofaddress

WhenaJapaneseaddressesapersons/heusuallyaddssometitleaftertheperson'sname.Amongthetitlessanisthemostommonandisusedregardlessoftheperson'ssexandmaritalstatus. ItistranslatedintoEnglishas'Mr.''Mrs.'or'Ms.'dependingonthecontext.Sancanbeusedinthefollowingthreewaysdependinguponthecircumstances:

1.Familyname+san2.Firstname+san3.Familyname+firstname+san

e.g.Tanaka-sane.g.Yasukosan(female)e.gTanakaYasukosan

Oftheabovethreepatternsthefirstoneisthemostcommonamongadults.Youcanusethispatternwithyourcolleaguesyourfriends'wivesetc.

Thesecondpatternimpliesanintimaterelationshipandisusedbetweenveryclosefriendsandfamilymembers.Forexampleawifeoftenaddressesherhusbandbyhisgivennameplussan.ThereforeifanAmericanwomanaddressesaJapanesemanbyhisgivenname(justtryingtobefriendlyforexample)shemayrisksomemisunderstandingbyhimoranyotherJapanesewhohappentobepresent.

Asaforeigneritwouldbeagoodideaforyoutouseonlythefirstpatternuntilyouhaveobservedenoughtofindoutexactlywhenitisallrighttouseanotherpattern.ItisnotuncommonfortwoJapanesewhohavebeenfriendsformanyyearstoaddresseachotherbytheirlastnamesespeciallywhenthefriendshipwasestablishedinadulthood.Sothechancesareyouwillbeusingonlythefirstpattern(familyname+san)andseldomhaveoccasiontouseanyotherpattern.

12


Thethirdpatternisthemostformalofthethreeandtheleastfrequentlyused. Itisusedwhenafullnameisrequired(e.g.whenaninstructorcallstherollinhis/herfirstclass).

Senseewhichliterallymeans'teacher'canalsobeusedasatermofaddress.Itisusednotonlywithteachersbutalsowithprofessorsdoctorslawyerspoliticiansandotherprofessionals.Itisusuallyattahedtothefamilynamee.g.Tanaka-senseebutanalso0raloneasinthefollowing:

Senseeohayoogozaimasu. GoodmorningDoctor(Professoetc.).

Pleasenotethatsancanneverbeusedaloneandmustalwaysfollowapersonalnameoroccupation.Whenreferringtoyourselfneveraddatitletoyournameforthetitleisawayofshowingpolitenessorrespecttothelistenerorthepersonyouaretalkingabout.

4. Greetings

Ohayoogozaimasucorrespondsto'Goodmorning'inEnglish.Ohayooisacasualformoftheexpressionandisoftenusedamongfriendsandcolleagues.Konnichiwacorrespondsto'Goodafternoon'or'GooddayinEnglishandisusedbetweenlate morningandalittlebeforedusk. Konbanwacorrespondsto'Goodevening.'Theaboveexpressionsareusuallyusedonlyonthefirstenounteroftheday. Sayoonara(orSayonaraLcorrespondsto'Good-bye'inEnglishandimpliesthatthetwopeoplewillnotmeetagainthesameday. StrictlyspeakingJapanesedoesnothaveanexpressionfor'HowareyoualthoughithastheexpressionOgenkidesuka?whichliterallymeans'Areyouhealthy?'

ThedifferencebetweenthetwoisthattheJapaneseexpressionissaidtoapersonthespeakerhasnotmetforsometimewhereasinEnglishyoucansay'Howareyou?'tothesamepersoneveryday.AnotherdifferenceisthatinEnglishitwouldbealittleoddtoanswerthequestion'Howareyou?'with'Ifeelterrible'or'Ihaveaheadache'whereasinJapanesesimilarresponsesdonotsoundstrange.

InotherwordsOgenkidesuka?functionsasagreetingandatthesametimeasaninquiryaboutone'shealthwhiletheEnglishexpressionprimarilyfunctionsasagreeting.

TheresponsetoOhayoogozaimasuKonnichiwaandSayoonaraisexactlythesameasinEnglishi.e.yousimplyrepeattheexpression.

13


ForFurtherStudy

Notesonpronunciation

YouwillfindJapanesepronunciationfairlysimplefortherearefewersoundsinJapanesethaninEnglishandEnglishhasmanyoftheJapanesesounds. HowevercertainfeaturesarenotpresentinEnglish.Theyinclude:

1. Sounds

Vowels:

????

Consonants:

n:

ts:

ThereareonlyfivevowelsinJapanese.Theyare

asinfatherbutmuchshorterasinmachinebutmuhshorterasinfullbutwithoutroundingthelipsasinpetasinboatbutmuchshorter

MostJapaneseconsonantsarepronouncedalmostthesameasEnglishconsonants.ThefollowingsoundsdonotexistinEnglishoroccurinadifferentpositioninaword:

f: Thissoundispronouncedbetweenthelipsaswhenyoutrytoblowoutacandlebutwithalittleroundingofthelips.Itoccursonlybeforeu.Itmaysoundmorelikehtoyouthanf.

r: Thepronunciationofthissoundisbetweenthetinwaterandthedinpudding.

Thissoundcanbeasyllabicnasal.'Syllabic'meansthatthesoundactslikeasyllablebyitself.(WewilltalkaboutJapanesesyllablesbelow.)Itsoundslikeninbutton.Beforekorgitsoundslikenginsing.

Thissoundispronouncedliketsinhatsandnuts.UnlikeEnglishthesoundcan0uratthebeginningofawordinJapanese.

14

Lesson1 IntroductiontoJapanandthelapaneselanguage

2. TheSyllable

Englishspeakersusuallyconsiderconsonantsandvowelsasthebasicunitsofpronunciation.NativespeakersofJapanesehoweverperceivesyllablesasthebasicunitsofpronunciation.

Japanesesyllablesreceiveapproximatelyequalstressandtimenomatterhowmanyorhowfewconsonantsorvowelstheycontain.Thesimplestsyllableconsistsofasinglevowelandthemostcommontypeiscomposedofaconsonantandavowel.

YoumayfindthefollowingchartsofJapanesesyllablesconvenient. NotethatthechartsarereadacrossfromIe toright.Thefirstsymbolineachoftheboxesoutlinedinheavyinkisromanizationorromajithesecondiskatakanaandthethirdishiragana.

BASICSYLLABLES

a U e

ka E ki ku ke ~t ko .

sa ~ shi su se so pta hi tsu te to

na nI nu ne no ha l h fu he f f ho

ma 11 mu me ya yu L yo

.-ra rI ru y re ro

wa n

VOICED/VOICELESSCOUNTERPARTSOFBASICSYLLABLES

gl ~f ~ga gu ge go -

za zu ze zo

da de do

pa =f PI pu 403 pe J po

ba 1 t~r bi bu J be /i L bo l

15


PALATALIZEDCOUNTERPARTSOFBASICSYLLABLES

kya kyu kyo

gya gyu gyo

sha shu sh Ja JU JO

cha chu cho

nya nyu L nyo r

hya hyu hyo

pya pyu pyo

bya byu byo

mya myu L myo

rya ryu ryo

Asmentionedaboveasinglevowelcanbeasyllablebyitself.Vowelcombinationslikeaiieueandlongvowelslikeaaiiuueeand00shouldbeconsideredastwosyllables.

Notallsyllablesendinavowel.Thesoundncanbeafullsyllablebyitself.SimilarlywhentwoidentiIconsonantsoccuroneafteranotherthefirstconsonantisconsideredafullsyllable.ThisissomewhatsimilartothedoubleconsonantkkinbookkeeperinEnglish.

Youdon'thearthesoundofthefirstkintheword. Itislikeamomentarypauseorsilencewithatensingofthethroat. InJapanesethissilencehasthetimedurationofonesyllableandistreatedassuh.Forexamplethewordikka'familyispronouncedasi-(tensepause)-ka(threesyllables).Otherexamplesofdoubleconsonantsfollow:

: pronouncedlike inhottea

itten onepo~ttch: pronouncedliketchinhotchocolate

matchi matchss: pronouncedlike55inJack'ssonnotlikeS5inkiss

Issei firstgenerationssh: pronouncedlike5shinMissShepherd

isshoo one'slifepp: pronouncedlikeppJntopposition

ippal full

16


Thereisadifferenceinmeaningbetweenwordswithvowelcombinationslongvowelsordoubleconsonantsontheonehandandthosewithsinglevowelsorsingleconsonantsontheother.

InanycasenomatterhowmanyvowelsorconsonantsthereareinthesyllablebesuretoapplythisgeneralruleofJapanesepronunciation:'Eachsyllablereceivesapproximatelyequalstressandtime.'Thefollowingaresomeexamples:

kaa car VS. ka mosquito

lie no VS. Ie house

uuru wool VS. uru tosell

eesu ace VS. esu (theletter)'s'

001 many VS. 01 nephew

ikka family VS. ika squid

matchi match VS. machi town

Issei firstgeneration VS. Isee oppositesex

isshoo one'slife VS. isho willtestament

Inpracticingtheabovewordsyoumayfindithelpfultobeatinametronomicfashionwithyourhandorapencilgivingonefullbeatpersyllable.

3. Accent

InEnglishaccentisindicatedbystressdifferencewhichmeansthestressedsyllableispronouncedlouderthantheothersyllables.

InJapaneseaccentisshownbypitchdifference. ThusinJapaneseinsteadofpronouncingonesyllablelouderoneormoresyllablesofawordarepronouncedatahigherpitchthantherest.Japanesehasnumerouspairsofwordswhichdifferonlyinpitch.Compare:

~ 'bridge vs. shi chopsticks'Howeversuchpitchdifferencesseldomcauseconfusioninactualsituationsforthe

contextoftentellsyouwhichwordismeantbythespeaker.Youwillfindthatpitchpatternsdieraccordingtoregionaldialects.

17


READING KANA

Sumisu 8. Naha

2. Buraun 9. Nagoya

3.??

koohii 10. lyooto

4. biiru 11. loobe

5. biru 12. Oosaka

6. sokkusu 13. Toolyoo

7. shatsu 14. Fukuoka

Theaboveareonlyafewexamplesofwordswritteninkatakanaandhiragana.Yourinstructorwillprovideyouwithsupplementarymaterialsforadditionalpractice.

18

Lesson2 Findingoutwhereyouare

Lesson 2

FINDINGOUTWHE.R.E.YO'UARE


askwhereyouare

findoutifyouareintheplaceyouwanttobe

findoutifyouareattherightstation(onatrain)

say'Thankyou'

askaJapanesepersontorepeatandspeakmoreslowly


DIALOGS

Situation 1

KAlWA

MrsBrownISgomgshoppmgmtheGmza.AergettmgoffthesubwayattheGmzaandwalkmgalongthestreetshebecomeswornedforsheISnownotsureIfsheISreallyIntheGmza

Buraun: SumimasenkokowaGinzadesuka? ExcusemeISthistheGmza'}

NlhonJ1n: lieGinzawamukoodesu.

Buraun: Doomo.

Nihonjin: 000itashimashite.

Situation 2

NotheGmzaISovermthatdirection.Thankyou.

You'rewelcome.

MrTaylorwantstotakeataxIfromthestationatwhichhegotoff HeseesseveralpeoplestandmgmImem frontofthestation HethmkstheplaceISataxIstandbutheISnotsure

Teeraa:

Nihonjin:

Teeraa:

Nlhonjin:

Situation3

Sumimasenkokowatakushiinoribadesuka?Eesoodesuyo.Doomoarigatoo.000itashimashite.

ExcusemeISthisataxIstand'}

Yes.ItIS

Thankyouve:much.

You'rewelcome.

Ms.WhiteIStakmgthesubwaytoAkasakawheretheAmencanEmbassyISlocated.JustashertramISabouttostopatastationshecheckswithapersonnearbytofmdoutIfthestationISAkasaka

Howaito: Sumimasen.KokowaAkasakadesuka?

Nihonjin: Ha?Howaito: KokowaAkasakadesuka?Nihonjin: lieAkasakawatsugidesu.Howaito: Doomo.

20

ExcusemeISthisAkasaka

Pardon'}

AreweatAkasaka'}

NoAkasakaISnext.Thankyou


Situation4

Mrs.Smithisinacabandnoticesashoppingareawheremanyshopsandstoresarelocated.Sheasksthecabdriverwhatthenameoftheareaissothatshemaycomebacktoshoponalateroccasion.

Sum;su:Untenshu:

Sum;su:

Untenshu:Sum;su:

Kokowadokodesuka?Shinjukudesu.

Sumimasen.Mooichi-doyukkuriittekudasai.Shinjukudesu.Doomoarigatoo.

21

Whereisthis?

/t'sShinjuku.

Excuseme.Pleasesayitagainslowly.

It'sShinjuku.

Thankyou.

lesson2 Findingoutwhereyouare

VOCABULARY KOTOBA

Dialogs

koko here

mukoo yonderoverthere

doomo thanksthankyou

dooitashinashite you'rewelcome takushii taxi

noriba (bus)stop(taxi)stand

ee yes(lessformalthanhai) h

yo (showsemphasis)

doomoarigatoo thankyouverymuch

arigatoo thankyou

ha? pardon?(Idon'tunderstand)

tsugi next

doko where

yukkuri slowly

Practice

basu bus

Placenames

Tokyo-to TokyoCity

Shinjuku-ku ShinjukuWard

Marunouchi

Akasaka

Nihonbashi

Shinbashi

Roppongi

Ginza

Ueno

22


PRACTICE RENSHUU

A. HereisamapofTokyoinwhichsomeofthemaindistrictsaremarked.Practicethepronunciationofthenamesofthedistrictsbyrepeatingaftertheteacher.

?

? ?

??

GinzaMarunouchiShinjukuAkasaka

(wheretheAmericanEmbassyislocated)

23


B. SubstitutionDrill

SumimasenkokowaGinzadesuka?

AkasakaShinbashiMarunouchiRoppongitakushiinoribaGinzabasunoribaUenodokoShinjuku

C. CommunicationExercise

Example:Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:

KokowaGinzadesuka?Hai500desu.Doomoarigatoo.liedooitashimashite.

Student'slist

takushiinoribaRoppongibasunoribaUenoMarunouchiShinbashiShinjukuGinzaAkasakaNihonbashi

j:

1.

2. 3.

24


D. CommunicationExercise

Directions:

StudentAselectsaphotoandaskswheres/heis.StudentBanswersreferringtotheplacenamewrittenunderthephoto.StudentArespondsappropriately.StudentBacknowledgesA'sexpressionofappreciation.

Example:

StudentA:

Student8:StudentA:Student8:

Kokowadokodesuka?(showingaphotothats/hehaspickedup)Ginzadesu.Ooomoarigatoo.000itashinashite.

E. CommunicationExercise

Diretions:

Studentpicksupaphotoandasksifitisaparticularplace.Instructorsays'Pardonme?'Studentrepeatsthesamequestion. Instructorsays'yes'or'no.'Studentthanksinstructorandinstructoracknowledgesstudent'sthanks.

Example:

Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:

SumimasenkokowaGinzadesuka?(showingaphoto)Ha?KokowaGinzadesuka?Haisoodesu.Ooomoarigatoo.000itashimashite.

25


F. CommunicationExercise

Directions:

Studentaskswhereapiaeisbypointingtoacircleonthemapbelow.Instructoranswerswhereitis. Studentaskstheinstructortorepeatslowly. Instructorrepeatsslowly.Studentwritesdownthenameoftheplace.Instructorchecksifthestudentgotitright.

Example:

Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:

Sumimasenkokowadokodesuka?(pointingtoacircle)Ginzadesu.Sumimasermooichi-doittekudasai.Ginzadesu.(writesitdown)(checksthenamethatthestudentwrote)

Shinjuku 2 100

.03AkasakaMarunouchi4Gid

5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

26


G. Production&AuralComprehension()

Directions.

StudentasksIfs/heISrnaparticularplace. Instructoranswersbyreadrngthescnpt.Studentchecks'yes'or'no'ontheanswersheet.

Example:

Student:Instructor:

Student:

SumimasenkokowaNihonbashidesuka?liekokowaToranomondesu.Nihonbashiwamadamadadesuyo.(puts'X'Inthe'no'column)

Studentquestions

1. AskwhetherornotyouareintheGinza.2. AskwhetherornotyouareatMarunouchi.3. AskwhetherornotyouareinAkasaka.4. AskwhetherornotyouareinShinjuku.5. Askwhetherornottheplaceisataxistand.6. Askwhetherornottheplaceisabusstop

Studentanswers

yes( )no(

2. yes( )no( oO

3. yes( )no(

4. yes( )no( o

5. yes( )no( o

6. yes( )no(

27


H. LookatthefollowingsentenceswritteninJapanese.Canyoutellyourinstructorwhichpasofthesentencesarewrittenineachofthefollowing?(Eachisdefinedlaterinthislesson.)

1. Kanji2. Hiragana3. Katakana

?????

???? ??????????? ?? ? ????

90

25O

Thefollowingisatranslationoftheabovesentence.ComparetheJapanesesentencewithitstranslation.CanyouguesswhyArabicnumeralsareused?

TranslationTokyoislocatedinthecenterofHonshuandfacestheBayofTokyo.It

hasalongnarrowshapeextendingapproximately90kilometersfromeasttowestand-about25kilometersfromnorthtosouth.

28

READING

NamesofplacesinTokyo


KANJI

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Ginza

Shinbashi

Roppongi

Akasaka

Marunouchi

Nihonbashi

Shinjuku

29



1. NotesontheWritingSystem

InmodernwrittenJapanesethefollowingfivekindsofsymbolsareused:

1. Kanji(Chinesecharacters)2. Hiragana3. Katakana4. Romaji5. Arabicnumerals

About90%ofthecharactersusedinJapanesesentencesareKanjiandHiragana.

1. Kanji

AlthoughJapaneseandChinesearecompletelyseparatelanguagesJapaneseadoptedwrittensymbolsandmuchvocabularyfromChinesebeginninginthe4thor5thcenturyA.D.ThesesymbolsorChineseharactersareailedKanji.KanjirepresentbothmeaningandsoundanditisoftenthecasethatoneKanjihasmorethanonereading(orpronunciation)andmeaning.Therearemorethan45000Kanji.Howeveronly3000to40000curindailyuseofwhich1926havebeenchosenasthemostimportant.These1926Kanjiaretheonesusedinnewspapersmagazinesandschooltextbooks(about1000aretaughtinelementaryschool).InthistextyouwilllearntoreadandomprehendsomeoftheseKanji.Theyareusedinsomenamesofpersonspiaessignsetc.andknowledgeoftheseKanjiwillbeusefulforyouinJapan.

2. Hiragana

HiraganaandKatakanaareusedtorepresentsyllables(d.Lesson1:FORFURTHERSTUDY).TheHiraganawerederivedfromthecursivestyleofKanjiandareusedfornativeJapanesewordswordsthatarenotwritteninKanjietc.AsyouhaveseeninPractice8HiraganaarealsousedtoshowthereadingorpronunciationofaKanjiwhenputaboveortothesideoftheKanji.ThisuseofHiraganaiscalledFurigana.

3. Katakana

TheKatakanasyllabaryisalsoderivedfromKanji. ItismoreangularthanHiragana.TheessentialfunctionofKatakanaisexactlythesameasHiraganai.e.torepresentsyllables. HoweverKatakanaaremainlyusedforwordsofforeignoriginandintelegrams.ThuswhenyouwriteyournameinJapaneseyoushouldwriteitinKatakana.

4. Romaji(Romanletters)

SinceRomajiistaughtinelementaryschoolmostJapaneseknowit.HoweveritsuseinJapaneseisverylimited.

30

FindingoutwhereyouareLesson2

YouwillfindRomaJiIn

someroadsignsstationsignsstoresignsetc someabbreviatedforeignwordsegPRCM(commerCia!)YMCA

ArabicnumeralsandKanjinumerals

NumeralsInJapanesearewrittenInKanjiorArabicfigures KanjinumeralsareusedwhensentencesarewrittenverticallywhileArabicfiguresareusedwhentheyarewrittenhOrizontally (ScientificformulasarewrittenonlyInArabicnumerals) ThefollowingareexamplesoftheusageofArabicNumerals

5

46centimeterNovember27th(telephonenumber)

+2=346"27494-3586

?

??

?

ForreferencetheKanjinumeralsforexamples24abovearegivenbelow

4.???

?????

3.

?????

2.

????

??

Particles

InJapanesetherolesparticipantsplayInactionsandtherelationshipsofwordsInsentencesareusuallyIndicatedbymarkerscalledparticles Inthislessontherearethreeparticleswakaandyo

2.

TheparticlewaISamarkerthatindicatesthattheprecedingword(s)orphraseISthetOPiCofthesentenceIethethlng(s)orperson(s)beingtalkedabout ForexampleInLesson"westudiedtheexpression

I'm(name)

TheparticlewahereIndicatesthatthespeakerIStalkingabouthim/herself(watakushl)andmakesthestatementaboutthetOPiC(him/herself)thathis/hernameISX

31

Watakushiwa(name)desu.

lesson2 Findingoutwhereyouare

AnotherparticletakenupInthislessonIStheparticlekawhichindicatesthatthesentenceprecedingItISaquestion.WewillhavemoretosayaboutthispartIClebelow

ThethirdpaIcleyolikekaISamemberofthesmallsetofparticlesthatoccurattheendofasentene Theyexpressthespeaker'sattitudetowardthecontentsoftheprecedingstatement. ThefunctionofyoIStocallthehearer'sattentiontothecontentsofthestatement ThusthewordISoftentranslatedas'/tellyou 'or'/assureyou 'ThisparticleISfrequentlyused HoweversinceItcarnesasubtlenuancewithoutchangingthebasIcmeanrngofthestatementItwilltakesometimetoreallygeta'feeling'forhowtouseItThereforeatpresentJusttrytounderstandthebasIcfunctionofyowhenyouhearItbutdon'tfeelyoumustbeabletouseIt.

3. asaquestionmarkerOneoftheareaswhereEnglishandJapanesearenotalikeISthedifferentwaysInwhICh

questionsentencesareformed.JapaneseISmuchslmplarInthisareaforallyouneedtodoISaddthewordkaattheendofastatement.ForexampleInlesson1westudiedtheexpressionKorewaTokyodesu.'ThisISTokyo'InlocatingaCity(orarea)onamap.IfweplacekaattheendofthissentencewegetaquestionsentenceKorewaTokyodesuka?'IsthisTokyo'whichwealsostudiedInlesson1 Trymakingasimilarquestion/sthisplacetheGmza7'fromKokowaGlnzadesu'ThisplaceIStheGlnza'(Thewordkokomeans'thisplace' Wewilltalkmoreaboutthiswordbelow)

(Answer KokowaGlnzadesuka?)

4. Kokowa(placename)desuka?andKokowadokodesuka?

Whenyouwa tomakesureyouknowwhereyouareorwhenyouwanttoaskwhereyouareyouanusethefollowingtwoquestions

KokowaGinzadesuka?

Kokowadokodesuka?

/sthisplacetheGmza7(Am/IntheGmzaWhereISthisplace(Wheream/

AswestudIedInlesson1responsestothefirstquestionusuallybeginWIthhai'yes'(eehasthesamemeaningbutISlessformalthanhal)orlie'no.' ThusIfyoulistenforthesewordsIntheresponsesgivenbyaJapanesepersonyoucanatleastguessprettyaccuratelywhetherthepersonansweredyourquestIOnnegativelyoraffIrmatIvely.(OfcoursethIsdoesnotmeanthatJapanesepeoplewillalwaysuseoneofthesewordsIntheiranswers)

AsfortheanswertothesecondquestIontheJapaneseusuallysay(placename)desuasInthefollowingexample

Kokowadokodesuka?Shinjukudesu.

WhereISthisplaceShmjuku.

Themainthingtorememberwhenyouaskaquestionwithawordlikedoko'where'(or'who'or'when'whichomeuplater)ISthattheJapanesesentencestructure(wordorder)IS

32


notthesameastheEnglishwordorder. Thatisaquestionlikedoko'where'willusuallycomeinthemiddleofthesentencenotatthebeginning.

5. Mooichidoyukkuriittekudasai. easesayitagainslowly'

Toanypersonwhoisnotfullyfamiliarwithalanguagenativespeakerspeechsoundsveryfast. ThisisexatlywhatyouwillexperieneinJapan. ThereforeitwilloftenbeimportantforyoutobeabletoasktheJapanesetorepeatandslowdown.YouwillfindtheexpressionMooichi-doyukkuriittekudasaiveryhelpful.Thefollowingisaroughsketchofthewaytheexpressionisconstructed:

Mooichi-do yukkuriittekudasai.onemoretime slowly pleasesay

Whenyouwanttosay'Pleasespeakslowly'youcanusethefollowingexpression:

Yukkuriittekudasai. Pleasesayslowly.? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????

Mooichi-doittekudasai. Pleasesayitagain.

6. Howtosay'thankyou'inJapanese

Oneofthemostcommonwaystosay'thankyou'inJapaneseistousetheexpressionArigatoo. IfyouwanttobealittlemorepoliteyouansayDoomoarigatoo(doomoisanintensifier).Inalessformalsituationdoomocanbeusedaloneasanexpressionofgratitude.

7. Sumimasen 'Excuseme''I'msorry'or'Thankyou'

InEnglishwhenyouaddressastrangerinordertoelicitsomeinformation(gettingdirectionsforexample)orwhenyouwanttogettheattentionofaclerkatastoreyoufirstsay'Excuseme.' AomparableJapaneseexpressionusedforthesepurposesisSumimaser-Thisexpressioncanalsobeusedwhenyouwanttoapologize. Forexampleyoucanuseitwhenyoubumpintoapersononthestreet.

AnotherusageofthisexpressionwhichseemstobecloselyrelatedtothewayJapanesethinkistoshowgratitude.InJapaneseonewaytoshowgratitudeforafavordoneforyouistosaysomethinglike'I'msorryforthetroubleyoutookforme'DoomosumilTasen.Wewillstudymoreaboutthisusageinlaterlessons.

33


????

Situation1

*

::

:

Situation2

O

:

: o o:

:

Situation3

:

::

::

Situation4

o

: : o: : o:

34

? ?? ????????? ???????????

Lesson 3

IDENTIFYINGOBJECTS.


findoutthenameofabuilding

findoutthenameofafooddish

respondappropriate~y totheinformationyoureceive

orderadishatarestaurantbyusingwordslike'this''that'and'thatoneoverthereplease'

findoutifthetrainyouindiate(onaplat-form)istheoneyouwanttogeton

saythatyoudon'tspeakJapanesewell

asksomeonetogivetheJapaneseequiva-lentofanEnglishword

??? ???????? ?????????????

DIALOGS KAlWA

Situation 1

Ms.Jonesentersarestaurantandseessomeoneeatingsomethingthatlooksappealingtoher.Shedoesn'tknowthenameofthedishbutwouldliketoorderthesamething.

Joonzu: (pointingtothedish)Arewanandesuka?

Ueetoresu: Sukiyakidesu.Joonzu: Jaaareonegaishimasu.

Ueetoresu: Haikashikomarimashita.

Situation2

What'sthatoverthere?

It'sSukiyaki.ThenI'dliketohavesomeofthatplease.

Certainly.

Ms.KellyisonaplatformwaitingforaYamanoteLinetrair Afterashortwhilesheseesatraincomingin. ShecheckswithaJapanesepersonstandingnearbytomakesureit'shertrain.

Kerii: Sumimasen.ArewaYamanote-sendesuka?

Nihonjin: lieYamanote-senjaarimaser.Yamanote-senwasan-bansendesuyo.

Kerii: Sunimaser.Yokuwakarimasen.Nihonjin: Soodesuka.Komattana...

NoYaanote-sen.

Kerii: Aawakarimasu.Doomoarigatoo.Nihonjin: 000itashinshite.

36

Excuseme.IsthattheYamanote-lineoverthere?

Noit'snottheYamanote-linetrain.TheYamanote-linecomesonTracknumber3.

I'msorry.Idon'tunderstanderywell.

Oh.Whatshalllsay...ThatisnottheYamanote-line.

OhIsee.Thankyouverymuch.

You'rewelcome.

Lesson3 Identifyingobjects

Situation3

Mr.DavIsISwalkingbacktotheAmencanEmbassy HelooksfortheHotelOkuf atallbUildingneartheEmbassyasalandmark HeseesatallbUildingandasksapasserbyIfItISthehotel HefindsoutItISnotThepasserbyPOintsoutadifferentbUildingwhichIStheOkura.

Debsu: Sumimasen.ArewaOkuraHoterudesuka?

Nlhonjln: lieOkuraHoteruwaaredesu.(pointingtothebudding)

Deibisu: Aasoodesuka.Doomoarigatoo.

Nihonjin: 000itashinashite.

Situation4

Excuseme IsthatHotelOkuraoverthere7

NoHotelOkuraISthatoneoverthere

OhThankyouverymuch.

You'rewelcome.

Ms.RobinsonISwalkingalongthestreetIntheAmencanCenterarea.ShecomesacrossanoldtraditionalJapanesebUildingwhichlookslikeashnneandasksapasserbywhatItIS.Shewantstobesureshecanrememberthewordforshnne.

Robinson: Sumimasen.Korewanandesuka?Nihonjin: Jinjadesuyo.Robinson: Sumimasen.Nihongogayoku

waKanmasen.Mooichdoittekudasai.

Nihonjln: Jinjadesu.Robinson: Soodesuka.Doomoarigatoo.

Nihonjin: 000itashinashite.

37

Excuseme.WhatISthis?

It'sashnne.

I'msorry.Idon'tunderstandJapaneseverywellPleasesayItagain.

It'sashnne.

Isee.Thankyouverymuch

Don'tmentionIt.

?????? ??????? ????????????????

VOCABULARY KOTOBA

Dialogs

are that(thingoverthere)

sukiyaki sukibyaki(abeefandvegetabledish)

Jaa well(then)

onegaishimasu (mayIhaveit)please

kashikomarimashita certainlyofcourse (responsetoarequest)

Yamanote-sen Yamanote-linetrain

Jaanmasen amlislarenot

...bansen (track)number ..

yoku well

Komattana It'saproblem;Idon'tknow whattodoIsay

aa Oh!

JlnJa shrine

Nihongo Japaneselanguage

ga (subjectmarker)

Practice

tenpura tempura(deepfriedfood)

teriyaki teriytaki(meatbroiled withteriyakisauce)

katsudon katsudon(abowlofrice toppedwithafriedporkcutlet)

tendon tendon(abowlofricetopped withfriedprawns)

(o)sashimi sashimi(slicedrawfish) ()

raanen ramen(Chinesenoodles)

38

??? ???????? ?????????????

soba soba(buckwheatnoodles) {o)sushi (asmalloblongpieceof ()

vinegaredricetoppedwithrawfishshellfishetc.Commonlycallednigiri.)

Notes

sore that(thing) de bymeansof Japaneseobjects

kimono Japanesenativeclothing obi Japanesesashusedforkimono {o)hashi chopsticks ()origami foldingpaper {o)kane 10ney ()soroban abacus

uchiwa Japanesefan geta woodenclogs (ft:nlngyoo doll furoshiki squareclothforwrappingthings

Loanwords

fuirumu film kamera camera terebi television miruku milk rekoodo record aisukuriimu Icecrea1 raJlo radio -

tabako tobaccocigarettes uisukii whisky seetaa sweater biru building

39

??????????? ??????????????

Personalizedlist--favoritefoodnames

40

?? ??

???????????????????

?

PRACTICE RENSHUU

A. TransformationDrill

Korewasukiyakidesuka? Sorewasukiyakidesuka?

(o)sashimiraanentenpurananteriyakikatsudonYamanote-sen

B. CommunicationExercise

Directions:

Goal: Findoutthenamesoftheobjectsonthetableorinthephotos.

Steps: (1) Pickanobjectandchoosethenameforitfromthelistbelow.

(2) Pointingtotheobjectasktheinstructoriftheobjectisthatitembysaying: Kore/sore/arewa(item)desuka? Youmustchoosethecorrectwordamongkoresoreandaredependingonthepositionoftheobjecti.e.whetheritisnearyouorneartheinstructoretc.

Student'slist

kimonoorigami(o)hashi

uchiwafuroshikigeta

sorobanokaneobi

41


c. DialogExerciseDirections:

ThestudentaskswhatthenameofabuildingisusingtheexpressionArewanandesuka?Theinstructoranswers.Thestudentsaysthats/hedoesn'tunderstandJapaneseverywellandaskstheinstructortorepeat.

Example:

Student:Instructor:Student:

Instructor:

Arewanandesuka?OkuraHoterudesu.Sumimasen.Nihongogayokuwakarimasen.Mooichi-doittekudasai.OkuraHoterudesu.

:

1.

4.

42

2. ()5. j

3. 6.


D. CommunicationExercise

DIrections.

ThestudentaskswhatapaIculardishISpomtlngtoanItemonthemenubelow. TheInstructoranswers. Thestudentordersthefoodaboutwhichs/hehasasked.Ifthestudentdoesn'tthinks/he'dlikeIts/hetriesanotherItem.

Example:

Student:

Instructor:Student:

Instructor:

Student:

Korewanandesuka?(pointingtotheItemonthemenu)Sukiyakidesu.Aa500desuka.Korewanandesuka?(pointingtoanothernameItemonthemenu)Katsudordesu.Jaakoreonegaishimasu

2500

1500

1200

1.000

900

850

700

550

43

? ?? ? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???

E. CommunicationGame j:

Oirections:

ThestudentchoosesthenameofabuildingfromthemapoftheEmbasyareaandaskswhatitiscalledinJapanese.Theinstructorgivestheanswers.

Example:

Student:Instructor:

'HieShrine'waNihongodenandesuka?Hiejinjadesu.

Student'slist

1. AmericanEmbassy2. HibiyaPark3. ImperialPalace4. NationalTheater5. NationalDiet

1. 2.[jj 3.4. 5.

44

?? ?? ? ??????? ????????????

?

F. Production&Comprehension

ThinkoftwothingsyouwouldliketoknowtheJapanesefor.Use(thina)waNihonQodenandesuka?tofindout.

45


READING KANJI

Thenamesofbuildingsandplaces:

1 yaKn HibiyaPark

2 Kokurits NationalTheater

3 embassy

??????

??

?

??

??? shrine

5 A (placenameinTokyo)

46

? ??????????? ?? ? ???????????


1. 'this'and'that'

WhenyoureferorpOinttoanobject(orperson)youoftenuse'this'and'that'InEnglishJapanesehasthefollowingthreewords

kore usedforanobjectnearthespeaker(comparableto'this')sore usedforanobjectnearthelistener(comparableto'that')are usedforanobjectawayfromthespeakerandlistener(comparableto

'that(one)overthere')

WhenyouwanttoknowwhattheobjectyouhaveInmindISailedyoucanaskthefollowingquestion

Kore/sore/arewanandesuka? WhatISthis/that/thatoverthere]

2. Howtosay'1'1/takeit'or'1'1/haveit'

Whenyouwanttoorderadishorbuysomemerhandlseyoucanusethefollowingexpression

Jaasoreonegaishimasu. Wellthenthatoneplease

ThewordJaameans'well(then)'andonegalshlmasuliterallymeans'1makearequest(for) andIScomparableto'please'InEnglish

InplaceofsoreIntheaboveexpreSSionyoucanusenamesofvariousobjectsordishesForexamplewhenyouwanttoordersukIyakiyoucansay

Sukiyakionegaishinasu.

3. Howtoindicateacknowledgement

InEnglishyoucansometimessay'Isthatnghtortheliketoacknowledgethatyouhaveheardwhatanothersaidwithoutnecessarilyagreeing Lookatthefollowing

Aa500desuka? OhISthatso]/1see/Good

TheexpressionlookslikeaquestionbutISreallyanacknowledgement ItISusedwhenyouwanttoindicatethatyou'veunderstoodwhatwassaid

47

?? ? ?? ??

??? ???? ?? ? ????????? ???

4. 'Idon'tunderstandJapanesewell.I

ItmayhappenthatyouneedtotellaJapanesepersonthatyoudon'tspeakJapaneseverywell.Youcanusethefollowingexpressionforthispurpose.

(Yoku)Nihongogawakarimasen.OR

Nihongoga(yoku)wakarima;en.

/don'tunderstandJapanese(well).

Inlesson1youlearnedthatwakarimasumeans'tounderstand.' Thewordwakarimasenintheabovesentenceisthenegativeformofwakarimasu.

5. HowtofindoutthenameofanobjectinJapanese

WhenyouwanttofindoutthenameofanobjectinJapaneseyoucanusethefollowingexpression:

..waNihongodenandesuka? Whatis...inJapanese?

ForexamplewhenyouwanttoknowtheJapanesewordfor'radio'youcansay:

'Radio'waNihongodenandesuka?Whatis'radio'inJapanese?

YoucanusetheabovequestionpatternwheneveryouwanttoasktheinstructorJapanesewordsforobjectsyoumayneedtoknow.

6. Particles andTheparticlegaordinarilyindicatesthattheprecedingwordorphraseisthesubjectof

thesentence.Thusitissometimescalledthe'subjectmarker.'YouwillsometimesseegausedwithwordsthatarenottranslatedintoEnglishassubjectse.g.Nihongogawakarimaserwhichisnormallytranslatedas'/don'tunderstandJapanese.' Whatthisreally meansis'Japaneseisnotunderstandabletome'sogareallydoesmarkthesubjectinthissentenceaswell.

Thepaicledehasseveralmeanings.Themeaninginthislessonis'in'asinNihor!;)ode'inJapanese.'later(lesson10)wewillseeitalsohasthemeaningof'bymeansof'asinbasude'bybs.'

48


Situation1

:

: o

:

: o

Situation2

:

:

????????????

Situation3

:

:

:

:

Situation4

o

9 o

D

o D

o

o

O

: o

:

: O

: o

:

:

49

?? ??

???????? ?? ? ???????????

50

Lesson4Askingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseorservices

Lesson 4

ASKINGABOUTTHEAVAILABILITYOFMERCHANDISEORSE"RVI.CES


findoutifastoreorshopcarriesthemerchandiseyouwant

findoutifarestaurantservesthedishyouwant

findoutifaplaceyouwanttogotoisnearby

findoutifahotelhasanyvacantrooms

findoutifthereisapersonavailablewhocanspeakEnglish

Lesson4 Askingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseorservices

DIALOGS

Situation 1

KAlWA

WhilewalkinginthestreetMrs.Brownsuddenlygetsaheadachesoshegoesintoapharmacynearbyandasksiftheyhaveaspirin.

Buraun: Sumimasen.Asupirinarimasuka?

Nihonjin: Haigozaimasu.

Situation2

Excuseme.Doyouhaveaspirin?

Yeswedo.

Mr.Browngoestoasnackbartoeatlunch.WhenheiswaitedonheaskswhethertheyservespaghettI.

Ueetoresu:Buraun:

Ueetoresu:

Buraun:

Situation3

Irasshaimase.Supagettiarimasuka?Haigozaimasu.

Jaaonegaishimasu.

Welcome.

Doyouhavespaghetti?

Yeswedo.

ThenI'dliketohavesome.

Mrs.Taylorisatashoppingareaherfriendrecommended. Shewantstogotoadepartmentstore. Althoughsheisquitesurethereisatleastonedepartmentstorenearbyshecan'tfinditsosheasksaJapanesepersonwalkinginthestreet.

Teeraa:

Nihonjin:

Teeraa:

Nihonjin:

Sumimasen.Konochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?

Eetsuginokadonomiginianmasu.

Sumimaser.Nihongogayokuwakarimasen.Kokonikaitekudasai.

Eeiidesuyo.

52

Excuseme.Isthereadepartmentstorenearhere?

Yesit'sonyourrightatthenextcorner.

I'msorry.1don'tunderstandJapaneseverywell.Couldyoupleasedraw(amap)here?

Certainly.


Situation4

Mr.Evansisinanearbycity.Sincehedidn'thavetimetoarrangeforaccommodationsbeforehandhehastofindaplacetostay. Hegoestoahoteltoseeiftheyhaveavacantroom.Afterhefindsoutthataroomisavailabletheclerkbeginstoaskhimaquestionhecan'tunderstand.

Ebansu:

Nihonjin:

Ebansu:

Nihonjin:

Sumimaser-Heyagaarimasuka?

Haigozaimasu.Ohitori-samadesuka?

Sumimaser.Eegogawakaruhitowaimaserka?Chottoomachikudasai.Apuriizuueetoamoomento.

53

Excuseme.Doyouhavearoomavailable?

Yeswedo.Areyoualone?

I'msorry.lsthereanyonewhounderstandsEnglish?

Waitamomentplease.Ohpleasewaitamoment.

lesson4 Askingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseorservices

VOCABULARY KOlOBA

Dialogs

anasu therels/arehave (usedwithobjectsbutnotpeople)

gozalmasu thereISfarehave(deferential) konochikaku nearherecloseby nl atInto ~-depaato departmentstore

no of(indicatesthatwordbeforeno describeswordafterno)

kado corner tsuginokado nextcorner mlgl right(side) kaitekudasai pleasewrite kaite Writedraw(TEformofkaklmasu) kudasai please(usuallyusedafterTEform

ofaverb)

II goodO.K. 3

heya room hitori onepersonsingle(o)hitori-sama onepersonslngle(pollte) ()..saa politeformof...san ~ do-

EFeHHgogawakaru apersonwhounderstands hito EnglishEego English(language) wakaru understand

(dictionaryformofwakarimasu)

hito person Imasen thereISnot/arenot

(peopleoranimals)

chotto alittle omachikudasai pleasewalt(polite)

54


Practice

kissaten teaparlorcoffeeshop

irasshaimase welcome(polite)

michi street

massugu straight

itte go(TEformofikimasu)

hidari left

hidarinimagaru turnleft

magaruto afterhavingturned

resutoran restaurant

supagetti spaghetti

bifuteki beefsteak

karee-raisu rriedrie

(o)sake sake ()

sugu soonrightthere

mo alsoto 500desuka Isee.

Notes

?????

??

thereis/are(forpeopleoranimals)

map

??????

Personalizedlist

55


PRACTICE

A. SubstitutionDril/

Asupirin(ga)arimasuka?

karee-raisufuirumusandoitchibiiruheyakoohii

B. SubstitutionDril/

Konochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?

takushiinoribaresutorankissatenbasunoribadepaatohoteru

RENSHUU

c. ListeningActivity j:Directions:

Thestudentaskswhetherapaicularitemisavailablereferringtothelistbelow.Theinstructorgivesananswer.Thestudentindicatesontheanswersheetbelowwhethertheitemisavailableornot.

Example:


Asupiringaarimasuka?Haigozaimasu.(CheckXinparenthesesnextto)

56

AskingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseorservicesLesson4

)no)no)no)no)no)no)no

? ? ? ? ?

?? ?? ? ? ? ? ?

?? ? ? ? ? ?

.

Answersheet

)yes)yes)yes)yes)yes)yes)yes

? ? ? ? ? ?

?? ? ? ? ? ?

?? ? ? ? ? ?

??

Student'slist

asuplrlnbiirubifutekiheyafuirumutabakokoohii

?

???

??

?

o

o

o

5

6

7

2

3

4

?QuestionandAnswerActivityD.

DirectIOns

ThestudentaskswhetherornotaplaceISlocatedInthevIcinity.TheInstructoranswers.ThestudentchecksIftheanswerfromtheInstructorIS.!J.ordon'tknow.

Sumimaser.Konochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?Eesugusokoniarimasuyo.(Checkyesontheanswersheet.)

Example:


)don'tknow)don'tknow)don'tknow)don'tknow)don'tknow

?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

?? ??

Answersheet

)no)no)no)no)no

? ? ? ? ?

?? ?? ?

??

)yes)yes)yes)yes)yes

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Student'slist

resutorankissatentakushiinoribadepaatobasunoriba

?

????

??

o

o

o

4.

5

o

D

o

57

2.

3.


OrderingPracticeDirections:

Theinstructorgreetsthestudent.Thestudentasksabouttheavailabilityoffoodorabeveragereferringtothelistbelow.Theinstructorsaysy.Thestudentordersthefoodorbeverages/heaskedabout.

Example:

Instructor:Student:Instructor:Student:

Irasshaimase.Biiruarimasuka?Haigozaimasu.Jaaonegaishimasu.

Student'slist

{o)sushibiiruaisukuriimu{o)sakekaree-raisubifutekikokakoora

F. PracticeinGettingDirections j:

Directions:

Thestudentaskswhetherornottheplaceonthelistislocatedinthevicinity.Theinstrutorgivesananswerbyreferringtohis/hersript.The studentaskstheinstructortodrawamapiftheanswerisyes(example1)otherwises/hesays:Soodesuka?Doomo.(example2)

Example1:

Student:Instructor:

Student:

Instructor:

Example2:


Sumimaserkonochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?Eekonomichiomassuguittetsuginokado0hidarinimagarutosugudesu.Sumimasen.Nihongogayokuwakarimasen.Kokonichizu0kaitekudasai.Eeiidesuyo.

Sumimasenkonochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?Saawatashimowakarimasenga...Soodesuka.Doomo.

58


Student'slist

basunoribaresutoranhoterutakushiinoribakissatendepaato

1. o

100fo2. ? o

3. O

4. ?

5.

6. o

o

59


READING KANJI

noriba a(bus)stop(taxi)stand

2. mlgl right

3.?

hidari left

4. eki a(train)station

60



. HowtoaskabouttheexistenceofanobjectThewordarimasumeans'exist'andthiswordcanbeusedwhenyouwanttoaskabout

theeXistenceoravailabilityofobjectsormerchandise.Lookatthefollowing.

-gaarimasuka? Isthere

Theaboveexpressionanmean'Doyoucarry')'or'Doyouhave ')'ThusInapharmacyIfyouwanttoaskwhethertheyhaveaspirinyoucansay:

Asupiringaarimasuka? Doyouhaveasplfln')

likewisewhenyouwanttoaskIfahotelhasaroomavailableyouansay:

Heyagaarimasuka? Doyouhavearoom(avatlable)

Pleasenotethatwhenyouaretalkingaboutpeopleyoushoulduseimasunotarimasu.

Example'

KonoheyaniAmerikajingaimasuka? IsthereanAmencanInthisroom')

2. Howtoaskaboutthelocationofanobjectstoreetc.

Theexpressionkanachikakunimeans'InthisVIClntt.or'nearhere.' YouanuseItwhenyouaskaboutthelocationofanobjectstoreetc.asInthefollOWingexample

Konochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka?Isthereadepartmentstorenearhere')

3. HowtofindapersonwhounderstandsEnglish

AverygoodwaytogethelpIStofindapersonwhounderstandsEnglish.Youanusethefollowingexpressionforthispurpose

Eegogawakaruhitowaimaserka? Isn'tthereapersonwhounderstandsEngltsh')

ThewordwakaruISaformoftheverbwakanmasu'understand'WhilewakanmasuISusedattheendofasentence(InpolitespeewakaruISusedInthemiddleofasentenceasIntheaboveexample. Thewordhlto means'person'andthephraseEegogawakaruhitomeans'apeonwhounderstandsEnglish.'ThewordimasenISthenegativeformofimasu.

61

lesson4 Askingabouttheavailabilityofmerchandiseorservices

4. Howtosay'Pleasewriteithere'

IngettingdirectionstoaplaceyoumaywanttoaskaJapanesepersontodrawyouamap.Youcanusethefollowingexpressionforthispurpose:

Chizu0kaitekudasai. Drawmeamapplease.

Thewordkudasaiattheendoftheabovesentenceiscomparableto'please'inEnglishandisusedwhenyouaskapersontodosomethingforyou.Thephrasekaitekudasaimeans'pleasewritedown'or'pleasedraw.'Thuswhenyouwanttosaysomethinglike'Pleasedrawamaphere'youcansay:

Kokonichizu0kaitekudasai. Pleasedrawamaphere.

Youmaywonderwhatthediffereneisbetween...onegaishimasuwhichyoulearnedinLesson3and...kudasaibecausebothcanmean'please'inEnglish. Onegaishimasuisusedwhenyouplaceanorderatarestaurantordersomemerchandiseatastoreetc.while...kudasaiisusedwhenyouasksomebodytodosomethingforyou.

Comparetheexpressionsin1and2below.

1.Areonegaishimasu.Sukiyakionegaishinasu.

2.Chizu0kaitekudasai.Kokonikaitekudasai.

Thatoneplease.Sukiyakiplease.

Draw(me)amapplease.Write(it)hereplease.

Astheaboveexamplesindicateonegaishimasuisusedaftersomeobjects(e.g.areandsukiyakiintheabovesentences)whilekudasaiisusedafterawordthatindicatessomeaction(e.g.kaite'write/draw'intheabovesentenes).

62


Situation1

/

Situation2

Situation3

Situation4

O o

o

G

o

o

o

O

O

O

O

30

o

63


64

Lesson5 Introductions

Lesson 5

INTRODUCTIONS

O


findoutifapersonistheoneyouhaveinmind

stateyournameandwhereyouwork

introduceyourselfandyourspouseafterbeingintroducedtoaJapaneseperson

confirmthenameofapersontowhomyouareintroduced

copewithacomplimentofthesortJapanesepeopleoftenmakelikeYouspeakJapaneseweill(evenifyouonlyknowafewsentences)


DIALOGS

Situation 1

KAlWA

MrBrownISmhisofficeattheEmbassyexpectmgMsSUZUkiwhomhehasnevermetHeseesaJapanesewomanlookmgforsomeone

8uraun: ShitsureidesugaSuzuki-san ExcusemeareyouMsSuzukidesuka?

Suzuki: Hai500desu. YesIam8uraun: Hajimemashite.Buraundesu. Howdoyoud07Mynamels

Brown

Suzuki: Hajimemashite.Dooloyoroshiku. Howdoyoudo]Pleasedtomeetyou

Situation2

MsO'NeilISMrBlack'ssecretaryattheAmencanEmbassy MrBlackISmeetmgwithMrKobayashi

8urakku: Kobayashi-sankorewahishonoOniirudesu.

Onllru: Kobayashi-sandesune.Hajimemashite.Oniirudesu.Doozoyoroshiku.

Kobayashi: Kobayashidesu.Dooloyoroshiku.

Situation 3

MrKobayashithisISmysecretaryMsO'Neil

MrKobayashihowdoyoudoMynameISO'NeilPleasedtomeetyou

MynameISKobayashiPleasedtomeetyou

MrWilliamsISanAmencanbusmessmanwhohasbeenm JapanforfiveyearsandspeaksfluentJapanese HeISatapartywithMrSatooftheMmlstryofInternatIOnalTradeandIndustry HeseesMrPorterwhoworksattheAmencanConsulateandhasbeenmJapanJustacoupleofweeks

Ulnamusu:

Pootaa:

Satoo:

Pootaa-sankochirawaTsuusanshoonoSatoo-sandesu.

Hajimemashite.AmerikaTaishikannoPootaadesu.Korewameeshidesu.Hajimemashite.Satoodesu.Dooloyoroshiku.

66

MrPorterthisISMrSatooftheMmlstryofInternatIOnalTradeandIndustry

HowdoyoudoMynamelsPorterfromtheAmencanEmbassy ThisISmycallmgcard

Howdoyoudo](handinghIscallmgcardtoMrPorter)MynameISSato Pleasedtomeetyou


Situation4

Mr.andMrsKellyareatareceptIOn.TheyareIntroducedtoMr.OgawabyMr.TaylorwhoworksattheAmencanEmbassy.

Taylor:

Ogawa:

Kerii:

Kerii(okusan):

Ogawa:Kerii(okusan):

Mr.OgawathisisMr.Kelly.Mr.KellythisisMr.Ogawa.

Howdoyoudo?Pleasedtomeetyou.Keriidesu.Hajimemashite.Korewakanaidesu.Hajimemashite.Dooloyoroshiku.

NihongogaOjOOludesuneeliemadamadadesu.

(InEngltsh)MrOgawathisISMr.KellyMrKellythisISMr.Ogawa.

(InEngltsh)Howdoyoudo"}Pleasedtomeetyou.

MynameISKelly.Howdoyoudo"}ThisISmywife.

Howdoyoudo"}Pleasedtomeetyou.

YouspeakJapaneseverywell.

Ohno.We'restilibeginners.

67


VOCABULARY KOTOBA

Dialogs

shitsureedesugao..excusemebut... hajimemashite Howdoyoudo?Gladtomeetyou.

(lit.It'sthefirsttime.)hisho secretary ne isn'tit?(asksforconfirmation) doozoyoroshiku Pleasedtomeetyou.(lit.Iask ?

yourfavor/goodtreatment)kochira this(thingperson)(polite) Tsuusanshoo M.I.T.1.(MinistryofInternational

TradeandIndustry)meeshi namecardcallingcard

businesscardkanai (one'sown)wife {o)joozu skiIIfuIgood ()madamada notyetstill

Practice

??????

?

?

?

??????

??

? ?

??

??

?

??

embassy

onsulate

StateDepartment

AmericanCenter

Notes

shujingoshujinokusan

(one'sown)husband

(someoneelse's)husband

(someoneelse's)wife

68

Supplement

getsu-yoobika-yoobisui-yoobimoku-yoobikin-yoobidoyoobinichi-yoobinan-yoobi

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

whatday(oftheweek)

69



PRACTICE

A. SubstitutionDrill

KochirawaAmerikaTaishikannoHowaitosandesu.

AmerikaRyoojikanBuraunKokumushooKeriiSumisuAmerikanSentaa

8. IntroductionPractice

RENSHUU

Directions:

StudentAintroducestheinstructortostudentBbymentioninghis/herrealnameandworkplace.StudentBintroduceshimself/herselfbyrepeatinghis/hernameandgreetstheinstructor.

Example:

StudentA:StudentB:

Instructor:

Kochirawa[workplace]noEnamel-sandesu.Enamel-sandesune.Hajimemashite.[name]desu.Dooloyoroshiku.Hajimemashite.Dooloyoroshiku.

c. IdentificationPractice ;Directions:

Instructoraskstheidentificationofastudenteitherusingthestudent'srealidentificationorchoosingonefromtheinstructor'slist. Studentanswersyesifthenameandtheworkpiaeareorretandnoiftheyaren't.Whentheanswerisnotheinstructorapologizes.Thestudentrespondstohis/herapology.

Examples:

(1) Instructor: Suminasen/shitsureedesuga[student'sworkplace]no[student'sname]-sandesuka?

Student: Hai500desu.

70

(2) Instructor:



Sumimasen[notstudent'sworkplace]no[notstudent'sname]-sandesuka?liechigainasu.Ooomosumimaser-lie.

D. IntroductionPractice

DIrectIons:

StudentA IntroducesStudentBtotheInstructorbysaYing'ThisISso-and-so'shusband/wife'StudentBIntroduceshimself/herselfandgreetstheInstructor.Note:IfyouarethewifeofanemployeeItIScustomarytosaythatyouareso-and-so'skanai.Ifyouarethehusbandofanemployeeyoushouldsimplygiveyourname(notso-and-so'shusband).

Examples:

(1) StudentA:StudentB:

(2) StudentA:StudentB:

IntroductionPractice

KochirawaBuraun-sannookusandesu.Buraunnokanaidesu.Ooozoyoroshiku.

KochirawaHoomuzu-sannogoshujindesu.Hoomuzudesu.Ooozoyoroshiku.

Directions:

StudentA Introducesamarriedcoupletotheinstructor. ThehusbandafterintroducinghimselfIntroduceshiswifetotheinstructor. ThewifegreetstheInstructor.

Example:

StudentA:StudentB(husband):

StudentC(wife):

F. IntroductionPractice

Kochirawa[name]-sandesu.[Name]desu.Hajimemashite.Korewakanaidesu.Hajimemashite.Ooozoyoroshiku.

Directions:

WiththehelpofyourInstructormakeyourownmeeshiandpracticeexchangingmeeshiwithyourpanero

71


READINGREVIEW KANJI

1

2

3

4.

5.

6

7.

8 15

9 16

10 17

11 18

12. 19

13 20

14 21

72


Supplementarymaterial

Daysoftheweek

ThefollowingisatableofthedaysoftheweekinJapanese.Yourinstructorwillreadeachword.Repeataftertheinstructortopracticepronunciation.

:

SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaywhatdayoftheweek

Matchthefollowing:

ka-yoobinichi-yoobigetsu-yoobisui-yoobimoku-yoobidoyoobikinyoobi

nichi-yoobigetsu-yoobika-yoobisui-yoobimoku-yoobikin-yoobidoyoobinan-yoobi

WednesdayFridaySundayThursdaySaturdayMondayTuesday

73

Hajimemashite.



1. Greetingexpressionsusedinintroductions

HowdoyoudoItIt'sthefIrsttIme[formetomeetyou})Doozoyoroshlku. Pleasedtomeetyou

(lItaskyourfaor[goodtreatment))

ThesetwoexpressIOnscanbeusedJustlikethecomparableEnglishexpressions

2. Particleno

AsmentionedIntheprevIOuslessonnoocrnngbetweentwonounsindicatesthatwhatomesbeforethenodescribeswhatcomesafterItStudythesepatterns

(workplace)no(name)AmerikaTaishikannoSumisuSmIthoftheAmencanEmbassy(possessor)no(belo I)watakushinohon mybook

3. Confirmationparticle

Theparticleneattheendofasentenceexpressessomethinglike'aren'tyou]'or'Isn'tIf}'InEnglish Thusthispa deanbeusedtoonflrmthenameofapersontowhomyouareIntroduced Lookatthefollowingexample

Yamada-sandesune? You'reMrYamadaaren'tyouDependingonthepronounandauxIliarytheconfirmationquestionvariesInEnglish

eg'Isn'the''don'tthey'etc InJapaneseneISusednomatterwhattheprecedingsentenceIS

4. Korevs.kochira

KoreandkochlraareJapaneseeqUivalentsofEnglish'ths'Theyoftenrefertoaperson(orthingInthecaseofkorecfLesson3)thatISnearthespeaker ThetwowordsarehoweveruseddifferentlyInintroducingpeople KoreISusedwhenintroducingapersonwhoISanIn-groupmember(eghisfamilyhiscompany)whilekochlraISusedwhenIntroduIngapersonwhoISnotamemberofthespeaker'sgroup ManytimesthedistinctionbetweenIn-groupnessandout-groupnessbeomesadeterminingfactorIntheuseofwordswhIChhavebasICallythesamemeaningasInkoreandkochlra AsaruleJapanesepeopleusepoliterexpressionswhentheydealwithout-groupmembersthanwhentheydealwithIn-groupmembers Inaddressingout-groupmemberstheymayrefertoIn-groupmembersastheywouldtothemselves InthisregardwecansaykochlraISapoliterexpressionthankoreIn

74


introducingpeopleandkoreisusedonlytointroduceanirgroupmember.Thuswhenyouintrodueanout-groupmemberforexampleaMr.TanalayoushouldsayKochirawaTanaka-sandesu'ThisisMr.Tanaka.'

Thein-group/out-groupdistinctionisalsoreflectedintheuseofthetermsofaddressyoustudiedinLesson1.Whenyourefertoyourselforin-groupmembersdon'tusethetermsanafteryourname.

5. Kinshipterms

Anotherinstanceofthein-group/out-groupdistinctionshowsupintheuseofkinshipterms.(Inthiscasein-groupmembersareone'sownfamilymembersandout-groupmembersareanotherperson'sfamilymembers.)

(my)shujinkanai

??

? ? ? ? ? ?

??

?

?????

???

? husbandwife

Thefollowingisasummaryoftheuseofkoreandkochirawithkinshipterms.

kore+in-groupkinshipterms

kochira+out-groupkinshipterms

6. Nihongogaojoozudesune. 'YouspeakJapaneseverywell.'

YoumayhearJapanesesaytoyouNihongogaojoozudesuneregardlessofyourrealproficienyinJapanese.It'sacomplimentJapaneseoftenmaketoforeignersevenbeginners.Theunderlyingassumptionoftheexpressionisthatforeignerscan'tspeakJapanese. Manyforeignerstoooftentaketheexpressionliterally(andsometimesemotionally)sothattheyfeeloffendedorinsultedfortheythinktheJapaneseusetheexpressiontoridiculethemsincetheyknowtheirJapanesecan'tbethatgood.HoweverthefactisthattheJapanesefeelthatonewaytoshowpolitenessistopraiseaperson'sability.

TheJapanesefrequentlyusethisexpressionasa'starter'inonversationswithforeigners. Suhbeingthecaseoneshouldtaketheexpressionasasortofgreeting.Likeinanyothergreetingwhatcountsisthefactthatyouusetheexpressionratherthanitsliteralmeaning.Agoodwaytorespondtothis'greeting'expressionwouldbetosaysomethinglike'OhnoI'mstillabeginner.'AcomparableJapaneseexpressionisliemadamadadesu. 'No(I'mnotgoodatit)yet.'

7. meeshi()'callingcard'

AtthebeginningofabusinessencounterJapanesepeoplealmostalwaysexchangemeeshi('callingcard')unlessthepeoplehavemeteachotherbefore.YoumaywonderwhythemeeshiissoimpoanttotheJapanese.TheJapaneseviewallrelationsashierarchical.Itisrarethatanytwopeoplewillbeperceivedastrueequals. JapaneseusuallyadjusttheirverbalandnonverbalbehaviortoeachotheracordingtothesocialpositionofapersoninthishierarchywhichcharacterizesalmostallrelationsamongtheJapanese. Themees~ i

75


providesthekindofinformationthathelpspeopleevaluateone'ssocialposition.Itincludesthefollowinginformation:

a. nameofthecompany/agencyb. person'spositionc. person'snamed. addressandtelephonenumberofthecompany/agency

InsomecasesthemeeshiiswritteninJapaneseononesideandinEnglishontheother.Youwillprobablygetthistypeofmeeshiatyourpost.

Itshouldbenotedthatinstitutionalaffiliationusuallycarriesmoreweightthanpositionintheinstitution.

InexchangingmeeshiJapaneseusually

bowandmakeafewremarksconcerningtheotherperson'sjobinstitutionettoshowthatthespeakerisinterestedintheperson.

AlthoughmostJapanesedon'tuseanyformulawhenpresentingmeeshiitmaybeagoodideaforyoutosayKorewameeshidesu'Thisis(my)callingt:.ard'inordertoletthepersonknowthatyouaregivinghim/heryourmeeshi.

76

Situation1

Situation2

Situation3

Situation4

)II

IJ )1/


o O

o o

o o

O

o o

o

()

MrOgawathisISMr.Kelly.Mr.KellythisISMr.Ogawa.Howdoyoudo?Pleasedtomeetyou.O O

o

o

77


78

Lesson6 PlacenamesofinterestinTokyo

Lesson 6

PLACENAMESOFINTERESTINTOKYO

............

Inthislessonyouwilllearnthenamesandlocationsofthefollowing:

majorislands

majorcities

twodistrictsinTokyo

majorareasinTokyo

placenamesofintereste.g.ImperialPalacemuseumsetc.


Presentation

InthislessonyouwilllearnsomemorenamesofplacesandareasinTokyoinadditiontothoseyoustudiedinLesson2.(YouwilllearnsomelandmarksandstreetnamesoftheEmbassyareainlaterlessons.)

LookatthemapofTokyobelow.TheofficialnameoftheTokyojurisdictionisTokyo-to(;toliterallymeans'capital').ItonsistsoftheUrbanDistricttheTamaDistrictandtheOgasawaraIslands(notincludedonthemap).Asof1985thepopulationofTokyo-towasapproximatelytwelvemillionrepresentingapproximately10%oftheentirepopulationofJapan.

WhenpeopletalkaboutTokyotheyoftenrefertotheUrbanDistrictwhichiscomposedof23wardsorKu().ItisinthisdistrictwhereyoufindgovernmentofficesheadquartersofmajorcompaniesmuseumsandtheAmericanEmbassyandAmericanCenter.TheUrbanDistrictisthecenterofpoliticaleconomicculturalandeducationalactivitiesinJapan. TheTamaDistrictespeciallytheareasneartheUrbanDistrictconsistofsatellitetownsorwhattheJapanesecall'bedtowns'fromwhichmanypeoplecommutetodowntownTokyo.

TheOgasawaraIslandscameunderU.S.controlafterWorldWar"andwerereturnedtoJapanin1968.Themainindustrythereisfishing.

Theareasmarked(1)(2)and(3)onthemapoftheUrbanDistrictbelowwillbecoveredinPractice1.

???????

?? ??????

?

?

? ?

80

PlacenamesinTokvo


KasumigasekiUenoKooenTokyoEkiTokyoTawaaShinjukuGyoenKookyoKokuritsuGekijooKabukizaMeijiJinguuShinjuku-kuChiyoda-kuShinagawakuAkasakaKokkaiGijidoo

Kasumigaseki

UenoPark

TokyoStation

TokyoTower

ShinjukuNationalGarden

ImperialPalace

NationalTheater

KabukiTheater

MeijiShrine

ShinjukuWard

ChiyodaWard

ShinagawaWard

Akasaka

theDietBuilding

81


PRACTICE

A. MapreadingPractice

RENSHUU

LookatthemapofShinjuku-ku()Chiyoda-ku()andMinato-ku()onthenextpage.

(YoumaywanttorefertothemapofTokyo-toonthepagebeforelasttofindoutthelocationsoftheseareaswithintheUrbanDistrict.)

Identifytheareanamesandplacenamesofinterestbelowonthemaponthenextpageandpracticethepronunciationofthenamesbyrepeatingthemaftertheinstructor.

AreaNames

AkasakaGinzaShinbashiMarunouchiKandaRoppongi

3D6E4E5D5B3E

PlacenamesofInterest

KokkaiGijidooKokuritsuGekijooMeijiJinguuTokyoTawaaTokyoEkiUenoKooenKabukiza

82

40

4D1D4-F6D6A6-E

-. J F


B. ResponseDrill

Directions:

StudentAasksStudentBwadokoniarimasuka?referringtothelistbelow.StudentBanswersusingthecue.

Example:

StudentA:StudentB:

AmerikaTaishikanwadokoniarimasuka?Akasakaniarimasu.

ListforstudentA CueforstudentB

ShinjukuGyoenHieJinjaKasumigasekiBiruUenoKooenAmerikaTaishikan

ShinjukuAkasakaKasumigasekiUenoAkasaka

c. MapReadingPracticeDirections:

StudentAasksthenameofanareainTokyoreferringtothelistinPracticeA.StudentBanswersreferringtothemap_

Example:

StudentA:StudentB:

3D.Kokowadokodesuka?(referringto3Donthemap)Akasakadesu.

ListforstudentA?

???

? ?

??

?

??

?

?

? ?

?

??

84


D. MapReadingPractice

Directions:

UsethemapinPracticeA.StudentAasksthelocationofplacesonthelistusingthefollowingexpression:

(placename)wadokoniarimasuka?

StudentBanswersbygivingtheareanameorthenameoftheward.

Example:

StudentA:Student8:

AmerikaTaishikanwadokoniarimasuka?(referringtothemap)Akasakadesu.

ListforstudentAKabukizaTokyoEkiShinjukuGyoenKookyo

MapReadingPractice j:Directions:

Theinstructoraskswhetherornotthepiaes/heindicatesistherightonereferringtotheindexandthemapinPracticeA.Thestudentanswersusingoneoftheexpressionsbelow:

a.Haisoodesu.b.liejaarimasen.

Inthelattercasegivethecorrectnameofthepiae.

Example:

Instructor:Student:

3D.KokowaShinjukudesuka?lieShinjukujaarimaser.Akasakadesu.

1. 6A2. 603. 1C4. 505. 40

?

??????????????????

85

finterestinTokyoLesSon6 Pacenaesotf. findingplaces

rl10ated.nthe1stbeloware

md::JMtud;;OwStudentBanswersStudentA:StudentB:

-_.."?~nooro wadokonianmd'U1'''''' nia asu.H;aidodesu

ListforstudentA

Example:

OsakaTokyoFukuokaNagoyaKyotoMatsuyamaNaha

??

?

la:kl

86

READING

PlacenamesofInterest


KANJI

1

2

3

4

UenoKooen

ShinjukuGyoen

MeijiJinguu

HibiyaKooen

87

UenoPark

ShinjukuNationalGarden

MeijiShrine

HibiyaPark



1. Expressionsforaskingthelocationofaplace

Thefollowingareexpressionsthatcanbeusedwhenyouaskthelocationofaplace:

Kokowadokodesuka1

Konochikakunidepaatogaarimasuka1

Whereisthisplace?(Lesson2)

Isthereadepartmentstoreinthisvicinity?(Lesson4)

Inplaceofkoko'thisplace'inthefirstsentenceyoucanuseplacenamesasinthefollowing:

Tokyo-ekiwadokodesuka1 WhereisTokyoStation?

Thefollowingquestionsaboutlocationmeanapproximatelythesamething:

a.Depaatowadokodesuka1b.Depaatowadokoniarimasuka1

2. Answerstoquestionsaboutthelocationofaplace

WhenyouaskDepaatowadokodesuka?ORDepaatowadokoniarimasuka?someJapanesemayanswerinthefollowingway:

Depaatowa(place)desu/niarimasu.

Inordinaryconversationhowevertheanswerisusuallysimplifiedto:

(place)desu/niarimasu.

Thefollowingaresomeexamples:

Question: AmerikaTaishikanwadokodesuka1/niarimasuka1WhereistheAmericanEmbassy(located)?

Answer: Akasakadesu/niarimasu.(It's)inAkasaka.

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Lesson7 Somebasicplaceexpressions

Lessoni 7

SOMEBASICPLACEEXPRESIONS

-'.'?

IJ


askwheretherestroomis

askdirectionstotheneareststationpharmacyetc.

understanddirectionsthatcontainwordslikethefollowing:

a. ontheright/leftb. infront/backofC. nexttod. this/thatway


DIALOGS

Situation 1

AtarestaurantMr.MooreasksawaitresswheretherestroomIS.

KAlWA

Muaa:Ueetoresu:

luaa:Ueetoresu:

Muaa:

Situation2

Sumimasen.HaL(O)tearaiwadokodesuka?Achiradesu.Doomoarigatoo.

Excuseme.

Yes.

WhereIStherestroom

(pointing)/t'soverthere

Thankyou.

Mr.RobertswasInvolvedInacaraCCidentwhilednvlngInTokyo.HedeCidestocalltheembassytogetsomeassistancesoheasksapasser-byIfthereISaphonelocatednearby.

Robaatsu:

Nihonjin:

Robaatsu:Nihonjin:

Situation3

Sumimasenkonohennikooshuudenwagaarimasuka?Eeto...Aasokodesu.Tabakoyaniarimasuyo.

Doomoarigatoo.Dooitashinashite.

ExcusemeISthereapublicphonenearhere]

(lookingaroundtofindone)Letmesee OhIt'Soverthereatthetobaccoshop

Thankyou.

You'rewelcome.

AftershoppingIntheGlnzaMsTaylorwantstogohomebysubway ShethinksthatonceshefindsthestatIOnshecanmanage.

Teeraa:

Nihonjin:

Teeraa:Nihonjin:

Sumimaser.Konohennichikatetsunoekigaarimasuka?Chikatetsunoekidesuka?Sokoniarimasuyo.Koobannotonaridesu.Soodesuka.Doomoarigatoo.liedooitashimashite.

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ExcusemeIsthereasubwaystatIOnInthIsVICInity]

AsubwaystationThereISoneoverthere (pointing)It'snexttothepolicebox.

OhIsee.Thankyou.

Don'tmentionIt.

Situation4


Mrs.DouglasisgoingtotheAmericanPharmacywhichherfriendhadrecommended.Sheknowsit'sveryclosetothestationwhereshegotoff.

Dagurasu:

???? ??? ?

?

? ?

??

??

????

????

SumimasenAmerikanFaamashiiwadokodesuka?NikkatsuBiruniarimasuyo.NikkatsuBiruwadokodesuka?Ekinomaeniarimasu.Doono.000itashimashite.

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ExcusemewhereistheAmericanPharmacy

/t'sintheNikkatsuBuilding.

WhereistheNikkatsuBuilding?

It'sinfrontofthestation.

Thanks.

You'rewelcome.


VOCABULARY KOTOBA

Dialogs

konohen thisvicinitythisarea (o)tearai bathroomtoiletrestroom ()achira thatwayoverthere kooshuudenwa publictelephone denwa telephone Eeto... Letmesee...(hesitationword) asoko overthere tabakoya tobaccoshop chikatetsu subway soko there kooban policebox tonari nextto nae frontinfrontof Practice

hon-ya bookstore kusuri-ya drugstore erebeetaa elevator hijooguchi emergencyexlt tattekudasai pleasestand shingoo trafficlight gakkoo school

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Notes


ushirosochirakochirasotchiatchikotchi

Personalizedlist

back

thatway

thisway

thatway

thatwayoverthere

thisway

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PRACTICE

A. SubstitutionDrill

Sumimasen(o)tearaiwadokodesuka?

RENSHUU

kooshuudenwachikatetsunoekikoobantabakoya

B. TransformationDrill

Koobanwadokodesuka?

kooshuudenwa(o)tearaitabakoyahon-yakusuri-ya

c. ResponseDrill

TokyoEkitakushiinoribaJR-sennoeki(o)tearai

Koobanwadokoniarimasuka?

basunoribaJR-sennoekitakushiinoribachikatetsunoekikooban

Student:Instructor:Student:Instructor:

(O)tearaiwadokoniarimasuka?Kooshuudenwanomaedesu.Kooshuudenwanomaedesuka?Hai500desu.

Student'slist

depaatokoobanchikatetsunoekihon-yaresutoran

|

94


D. SubstitutionDrill

Konochikakunikooshuudenwagaarimasuka?

{o)tearaikoobankusuri-yakissatenbasunoriba

resutoranchikatetsunoekiJR-sennoekidepaatotakushiinoriba

E. SubstitutionDrill

Kooshuudenwawadepaatonomaeniarimasu.

???????????? ???? ? depaatonotonari

kusuri-yanomaekoobannohidari

F. CommunicationExercise

Oirections:

StudentAasksthe10ationoftheplacesontheListforstudentAbelow.StudentBselectsanappropriateplacewordfromtheListforstudentBbelowandpointsinthatdirection.

Example:

StudentA: Hijooguchiwadokodesuka?(hijooguchi=emerge 'Yexit)

Student8: Sokodesu.

ListforstudentA ListforstudentB

erebeetaa'elevator'oneofyourteacher'srooms(use...san/senseenoheya)supervisor'sroom(use...san/senseenoheya){o)tearaihijooguchi

kokosotchimukooasokokotchisokoatchi

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G. ProductionExercise

Directions:

Astudentstandsinfrontoftheclassroom.Theinstructorstandsinfrontofinbackofontherightoforontheleftofthestudent.Theotherstudentsdescribethepositionoftheinstructorrelativetothestudent. Studentsshouldusethefollowingexpression:

(Instructor'sname)-san/senseewa(student'sname)-sannomae/ushiro/hidari/migidesu.

H. CommunicationExercise

Directions:

Theinstructorstandsfacingthestudents.StudentAgivesStudentBdirectionsreferringtothelistbelow.StudentBfollowsthedirectionsbystandingontheright/leftorinfront/backoftheinstructor.StudentAusesthefollowingexpression:

(Instructor'sname)-san/senseeno(position)nitattekudasai.(tattekudasaimeans'pleasestand'.)

Example:

StudentA:StudentB:

...san/senseenomiginitattekudasai.(standsontherightoftheinstructor)

ListforstudentA?????

?

???

?

??

?

???

??

???

??

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I.ReadingComprehension

Directions:

Readthefollowingandthenselectthenumberofthelocationonthemapthatmatchesitsdescriptionbelow.

1. Watakushinomaenidepaatogaarimasu.Hidarinikooshuudenwagaarimasu. (

2. Watakushinoushironi*shingoogaarimasu.Miginikoobangaarimasu. (

3. Watakushinomaeni*gakkoogaarimasu.Watakushinohidarinishingoogaarimasu. (

4. Watakushinomigiwaekidesu.Maeniresutorangaarimasu. (

5. Mukoonikoobangaarimasu.Watakushinomaenikissatengaarimasu. (

resutorankooban5

2 @ 6

....4

kissaten3

ekidepaato

kooshuu-denwa

*shingoo=E9=trafficlight*gakkoo=school

97

gakko

@ 8

7


J. AuralComprehensionExercise

)knowsthelocation.)doesn'tknowthelocation.

)knowsthelocation.)doesn'tknowthelocation.

Directions:

Thefollowingconversationstakeplaceonthestreet. Listentothetapeandanswerthequestionsbelow.

Conversation1

ThefirstJapaneseasksthelocationofThesecondJapanesesaidthelocationis.

Conversation2

ThefirstJapaneseasksthelocationof...H -ThesecondJapanesesaidthelocationis

Conversation3

ThefirstJapaneseasksthelocationof...H ..(choosethecorrectanswer)ThesecondJapanese(

Conversation4

ThefirstJapaneseasksthelocationof.Theansweris..

Conversation5

ThefirstJapaneseasksthelocationof.(choosethecorrectanswer)ThesecondJapanese(

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1

2

3

4

5

1

2

12

12

12

12

1

2

1

12

1

2

12

O O

O

o

JJ

oo

o

O O

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READING KANJI

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

keshooshitsu

otearai

fujinyoo

tonogatayoo

otoko

onna

chikatetsu

100

powderroom

toiletrestroom

forladies

forgentlemen

lanlen

womanwomen

subway



1. Summaryofbasiclocationwords

a. 'here''there'and'overthere'InLesson3westudiedthefollowingseriesofwords:

kore this(referstothings/personsnearthespeaker)sore that(referstothings/personsnearthelistener)are that(one)overthere(referstothings/personsrelativelyfarfrom

thespeakerandlistener)

Thefirstsyllablesko-soanda-intheabovewordsoccurinseveralotherseriesofwordshavingtodowithlocationwheretheycarryrelatedmeanings.Compare:

koko here(referstoaplacenearthespeaker)(Lesson2)soko there(referstoaplacenearthelistener)asoko overthere(referstoaplacerelativelyfarfromthespeakerandlistener)

Wehavealsostudiedthequestionworddoko'where'whichcanbeusedtoaskthelocationofsomething(Lesson2).

b. Otherlocationwords

migi/hidarimae/ushirotonarimukoo

right/leftfront/backnextbeyond

2. Somedirectionwords

KoSOanda-canalsobeusedtoindicatediretionasin:???????????

??

???????????? ? thisway(referstothediretionofthespeaker)thatway(referstothedirectionofthelistener)thatwayoverthere(referstoadirectionawayfromthespeakerandlistener)

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3. Particlenoandplaceexpressions

a. Placeexpressionsthatoccurwiththeparticleno'of'

Example:

(Depaatowa)ekinomigi/hidaridesu/niarimasu.

b. Placeexpressionsthatdonotrequireno

(Thedepartmentstore)isontheright/leftofthestation

Example:

(Depaatowa)koko/soko/asokodesu/niarimasu.(Thedepartmentstore)ishere/there/thatway.

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Situation1

Situation2

Situation3

Situation4


1O

()oO

O o

O

o

o 1

o O

??????? ????? ?

?

????????????????????????????????????????????????

103


104

Lesson8 Gettingtheansweryouwant(1)

Lesson 8

GETTINGTHEANSWERYOUWANT(1)


comprehendandproducekeywordslikethefirst/second/thirdintersection''traiclight'etc.

confirmyourunderstandingoraskaquestiontogettheinformationyouwantbyusingkeywords

Lesson8 Gettingtheansweryouwant(1)

DIALOGS KAlWA

Situation 1

MrJonesISgomgtoseeaKabukiplayatKabuklzawhichISlocatedneartheGmzasubwaystatIOn.Mr.JoneshasbeentoldbyhisfriendthatKabuklzaISonHarumlStreet

Joonzu:

Nihonjin:Joonzu:Nihonjin:

Joonzu:

???????

Situation2

Sumimasen.KokowaHarumiDooridesuka?Ee500desuyo.Kabukizawadokodesuka?Kokokaramittsu-menohidarinokadodesu.Mittsu-menohidarinokadodesune?Ee500desuyo.000o.

ExcusemeISthisHarumlAvenue

Yes.ItIS.

WhereISKabuklzalocated

It'satthethtrdcornerfromhereontheleft

Atthethtrdcornerontheleftnght

Yes.

Thankyou.

Mrs.AndersonISgomgtotheMltsukoshldepartmentstoremtheGmza.ShehasbeentoldbyherfnendthatItISnearalargemtersectlOnatGmza4-chome.

Andaas

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