FRP International Vol 11 No 3 July 2014 - iTechgyan International • Vol. 11 No. 3 3 IIFC Medal – Prof. Antonio Nanni The IIFC Medal, the Institute’s highest honour, is awarded

FRPINTERNATIONALtheofficialnewsletteroftheInternationalInstituteforFRPinConstruction

IIFCBusinessatCICE2014

AsIIFCmemberspreparetogatherinVancouverforanexcitinganddynamicCICE2014,allshouldbeawareofandplanonparticipatingintheIIFCGeneralMeeting.Thiswillbeheldduringtheconferenceand isopen toalldelegates.CICE2014conferenceduesincludeIIFCmembershipfor2015,soalldelegatesaremembers!

Theprimarypurposeof theGeneralMeeting is to report to themembershipthe state of the Institute, recognise outgoing Council members, and to electnewIIFCCouncilmembers.

IIFC Council is the highest body of the Institute. It lays down policies forimplementationbytheExecutiveCommittee.Thewidestpossibleinternationalrepresentation issought inthecompositionof theCouncil(seebackcoverofFRP International), considering both geographical balance and strength ofactivities in different regions. Members of Council serve for six years. Withoffset terms, approximately one third of Council is elected at each biennialCICE conference; thus the IIFC membership will be electing up to 13 newCouncilmembersfromamongthemembershipinVancouver.

CallforNominations‐IIFCCOUNCILTheIIFCisnowseekingnominationsofcandidatesformembershiptotheIIFCCouncil. Interested nominees and nominators are strongly encouraged toreview the IIFC By‐Laws for information on the responsibilities of CouncilMembership, including the nomination procedure, nomination form, andpowerpointslidetemplate(allavailableatwww.iifc‐hq.org).Electionfromthepool of eligible candidates will be held during the IIFC General Meeting atCICE2014inVancouver.Thecompletednominationformandpowerpointslideare to be received by the IIFC Secretary, Prof. Rudi Seracino,([email protected])nolaterthanFriday1August2014.

CallforNominations‐IIFCFELLOWSThe IIFC Executive Committee is now seeking nominations for potentialcandidates for IIFC Fellowships. A limited number of IIFC Fellows will beelectedduringtheIIFCCouncilMeetingatCICE2014inVancouver.Accordingto the IIFC By‐Laws, nominations must be made by a member of the IIFCExecutive Committee. However, via this call for nominations, the ExecutiveCommittee is seeking input from all IIFC members. The final selection ofcandidates will be made by the Executive Committee based on its bestjudgment, taking into consideration the nominations received. ForinformationontheattributesofanIIFCFellowandthenominationprocedure,please review the nomination procedure and nomination form available atwww.iifc‐hq.orgorfromProf.Seracino.NominationsaretobereceivedbytheIIFC Secretary, Prof. Rudi Seracino, ([email protected]) no later thanFriday25July2014.

EditorKentA.HarriesUniversityofPittsburgh,USA

IIFCExecutiveCommitteePresidentLawrenceC.BankCityCollegeofNewYork,USA

SeniorVicePresidentJian‐FeiChenQueen’sUniversityBelfast,UK

VicePresidentsCharlesE.BakisPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,USA

RenataKotyniaTechnicalUniversityofLodz,Poland

ScottT.SmithSouthernCrossUniversity,Australia

TreasurerAmirFamQueen’sUniversity,Canada

WebmasterJian‐GuoDaiHongKongPolytechnicUniversity,China

Members‐at‐LargeLauraDeLorenzisTech.Univ.ofBraunschweig,Germany

EmmanuelFerrierUniversitéLyon1,France

ConferenceCoordinatorsRaafatEl‐Hacha(CICE2014)UniversityofCalgary,Canada

XinWang(APFIS2015)SoutheastUniversity,China

SecretaryRudolfSeracinoNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,USA

Vol.11,No.3,July2014

InadditiontobeingemailedtoallIIFC members and available onthe IIFC website (www.iifc‐hq.org), this issue of FRPInternational will be provided toall delegates at CICE 2014 inVancouver. On behalf of the IIFCExecutive Committee, WelcometoVancouver!

KentHarries,Editor

FRPInternational•Vol.11No.3 2

BohdanNicholas(Nick)Horeczko1939–2014It is with sadness that wereport the passing of NickHoreczko on April 8 2014,just days before his 75thbirthday.Nickwasthelong‐time Director of

Professional Services for ICC Evaluation Service (ICC‐ES). With 52 years of civil engineering experience indesign,construction,manufacturing,research,buildingcode services and building products evaluation—including42ofthoseyearswithICC‐ESandthelegacyorganization International Conference of BuildingOfficials (ICBO)—Nick was well‐known and highlyrespected within the industry for his knowledge andwarm and inviting demeanour. His contributions toICC‐ES and the industry were immeasurable. For thepast 15 years, Nick was an active member of ACICommittee 440, FRP Reinforcement, and its varioussubcommittees.Nick was a Fellow of the American Society of CivilEngineers and the Institute for the Advancement ofEngineering. Ever the gentleman, Nick will be sorelymissed.[BasedonanobituaryreleasedbyICC‐ESandanotherappearingatlegacy.com.]

RaafatEl‐HachaandKhaledSoudkiAwardedCSCECasimirGzowskiMedalThe 2013 Casimir Gzowski Medal is awarded to Dr.RaafatEl‐HachaandProf.KhaledSoudkifortheirpaperentitled “Prestressed near‐surface mounted fibrereinforced polymer reinforcement for concretestructures–areview”whichappearedintheCanadianJournal of Civil Engineering (Volume 40, pp. 1127‐1139).

Dr. El‐Hacha, the chair of CICE 2014, received theaward at the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering(CSCE) annual conference in Halifax in May. Prof.Soudki, regrettably, passed away in September 2013[FPPInternational,Vol11,No.1].

Prestressed near‐surfacemounted fibre reinforcedpolymer reinforcement for concrete structures – areview

Abstract

The specialized application of prestressing near‐surfacemounted(NSM)fibrereinforcedpolymer(FRP)reinforcement for strengthening reinforced concrete(RC) structures combines the benefits of the FRPreinforcement with the advantages associated withexternal prestressing. By applying a prestress to theNSMFRP, thematerial isusedmoreefficientlysinceagreaterportionofitstensilecapacityisemployed.Thispaper presents a comprehensive review of theperformance of RC members strengthened usingprestressed NSM FRP reinforcement. Severaltechniques and anchorage systems developed toprestress the NSM FRP are presented. The static,flexural, and fatigue performance of RC beamsstrengthened using prestressed NSM FRP incomparison to non‐prestressed NSM is presented.Researchonthe long‐termperformanceunder freeze–thaw exposures and sustained loading is alsopresented.

As superintendent of publicworksoftheProvinceofCanada,Colonel Sir Casimir StanislausGzowski (1813‐1898) wasresponsible for improvingwaterways and canals andconstructing roads, harboursand bridges. Later, he was

involved in railroad construction and the design andconstructionof the internationalbridgeatFortErie. AfounderoftheCSCEin1887,heservedaspresidentfrom1889 to 1891. Established by Sir Casimir in 1890, theCasimirGzowskiMedalisawardedannuallyforthebestpaperonacivilengineeringsubject.


IIFCMedal–Prof.AntonioNanniThe IIFC Medal, the Institute’s highest honour, isawardedevery twoyears toan IIFCmemberwhohasmade distinguished contributions to the field of FRPcomposites for construction through research orpracticalapplications,orboth.ProfessorAntonioNanniisthewinnerofthe2014IIFCMedal.ProfessorNanniisthe Lester and Gwen Fisher Endowed Scholar, andChair of the Department of Civil, Architectural &EnvironmentalEngineeringattheUniversityofMiami,USA.

Prof.Nanni is nodoubt among themost authoritativeand influential world leaders in the composites forconstruction field. His achievements are comparablewith thoseof theLifetimeAchievementAwardeesandthe existing IIFC Medalists. Dr. Nanni, as a foundingFellowof IIFC, has alsomade important contributionstothefoundinganddevelopmentofIIFC.

Prof. Nanni has made enormous contributions to theFRP field in many different ways. While his CV isimpressive,itisinterestingtohighlightthefollowing:

1. A search of the Scopus database on November 21,2013 showed that among the 2,971 Scopus articlesfound using the keyword combination of “FRP” and“concrete”, he is an author/co‐author of 73 articles,accountingfor2.4%ofthetotal.Hewasrankedfirstinthelistofthemostprolificauthors.

2.His73articlesreceivedatotalof1889citations,withan average of 25.9 citations per article, which issignificantlyhigherthantheoverallaverageofaround8citationsperarticle,illustratingthehighimpactofhispublications.Theh‐indexofthesearticlesis21.

In summary, Prof. Nanni was nominated for the IIFCMedal for being one of the small number of worldleaders who have been instrumental in movingcompositematerials froman exotic object of researchtomainstream use in construction over the course ofover25yearsthroughtheundertakingoffundamentalresearch, the development of standards andspecifications, and the implementation of researchfindings into meaningful field projects whilecontributingtotheeducationofthenextgenerationofengineeringleadersworldwide.

Professor Nanni will give the IIFC DistinguishedLectureatCICE2014on“PersonalReflectionsFollowing20yearsofR&DinFRPConstruction”.

CICE 2014: 7th International Conference on Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)CompositesinCivilEngineeringVancouver,20‐22August2014

IIFCAwardspresentedat…


Abstract

PersonalReflectionsFollowing20yearsofR&DinFRPConstructionProf.AntonioNanni2014IIFCMedalAwardeenanni@miami.edu

A keynote address could take several forms, the oneselectedhereisthatofareflectiononpastandpresentR&D experiences. The presentation will address fivemajor topics related to FRP composites forconstructiontorevisitourpracticeswiththeobjectiveofmakingourcommunityand industrymorerelevantandeffective.

Materials Science and Engineering. Our scientificcommunity is too insular and needs a closerrelationshipwith thematerials researchers. Quantumleaps will only come with the development of newmaterials transforming performance and durability ofexisting ones and opening up new construction andinstallationmethods.Anexampleontheroleofresinsin the case of externally bonded FRP systems isdiscussed.

Standards. The number one rule in real estate islocation, location, location. Similarly, in theconstruction industry it is all about standards, wouldthey be design codes, materials and constructionspecifications, inspection protocols, or test methods.Wehavenot fullyunderstoodthisandwhenwedo it,we lack the ability to remain open to innovation(prescriptivevs.performancestandards). Wecry foulwhen we refer to the attitude of the “traditionalmaterials” industrytowardscomposites,butwe fall inthesametrapwhenwedevelopourownstandardsasdiscussed in an example related to an ASTMmaterialspecificationunderdevelopment.

Maturity. Asoftoday,theFRPcomposites industryisstruggling to create a unified strategy to addressmarket needs and opportunities (and barriers).Manufacturers,suppliersandinstallersareoftenpittedoneagainsttheotherfocusingoninternalcompetition(the tree) while missing the global opportunity (theforest). Most disturbing is when some resort tomisrepresentation of product performance to gain anedge over a perceived competitor as discussed in thecaseofFRPbarsforinternalreinforcementofconcretestructures.

Research. A very significant portion of the technicalliterature and research projects being undertaken

worldwide is a repetition of what others have done.While it is truethat first‐handexperience isnecessaryforprogress,weare failing todevelopnewparadigmsforresearchwithanalarmingwasteoftime,talentandresources. There is plenty information available, butlittle communication. In a world dominated by openaccess and information technology, we fail to takeadvantage of what our neighbours have done or aredoingasexemplifiedintherecentcaseofstrengtheningwithmechanically‐fastenedFRPlaminates.

Technicalorganizations.NotonlypeculiartotheFRPcomposites world is the need to reinvent the role oftechnical organizations. We need to do more thansponsoring events and publications. Perhaps oneunexplored role is that of being a protagonist in theeducation arena. IFCC is staking the ground with thewebinarseries.Howhighcanwesetthebar?

Conclusions. Discoveries and deployments of the lastquarter century have made FRP composites forconstructionarealityheretostay.Thisindustryisnowbeyond infancy and with that, the care‐free days aregone.Wehavemoved fromanoutsiderrole to thatofaninsideroneintheworldofconstructedfacilitiesthusassuming different responsibilities and facing newchallenges. We remain visionaries and innovators atheart and as such, we need to be the champions oftransformationofsomeofthepracticesofthebroaderconstructionindustrywearenowpartof.

20yearsofProf.Nanni…

September1993 March2014


Distinguished Young Researcher Award –Prof.LukeBisbyThe Distinguished Young Researcher Award is giveneverytwoyearstoanIIFCmember,notolderthan40years of age at the CICE conference, who hasdistinguished themselves from their peers throughresearch contributions in the field of FRP compositesforconstruction.ProfessorLukeBisbyisthewinnerofthe2014IIFCDistinguishedYoungResearcherAward.Prof.BisbyistheArupChairofFireandStructuresandRAEngResearchChairwithintheSchoolofEngineeringattheUniversityofEdinburgh,UK.

Professor Bisby is an outstanding young researcher,havingestablishedhimselfasaninternationalleaderina number of areas related to FRPmaterials and theirapplication in civil infrastructure. Prof. Bisby’s mostnotable contributionsare in theareaof fireeffectsonstructuresalthoughhismosthighlycitedworktodate(Scopus)is,ironically,onfreeze‐thaweffects.Heisalsowellestablishedintheareasofconfinementeffectsandstructural health monitoring. While prolific, Prof.Bisby’s work is always meticulous, well planned,executed and presented. To his great credit, heengrains these same qualities in the students whostudyunderhisdirection.

Professor Bisby is remarkably active in internationalcodes and standards committees and has made anumber of unique contributions to the field of FRPresearch. Examples include his early work with ISISCanadaandhisongoingactivities supportingACI440,IIFCandthenewTUDCOSTActionintheEU.

Professor Bisby’s research (and indeed teaching)careeris impressivebyanystandard.Havingachievedall of this, including a chaired professorship, beforereaching40yearsofageisall themoreremarkable. Itis clear toall thatknowhim thatLukeBisby is today,and will continue to be for decades to come, anexemplaryresearcherinourfield.

Professor Bisbywill deliver a keynote lecture at CICE2014 on “Fire‐Safe Use of FRP Composites inConstruction:MythsandRealities”.

Abstract

Fire‐SafeUseofFRPCompositesinConstruction:MythsandRealitiesProf.LukeBisby2014DistinguishedYoungResearcherAwardeeluke.bisby@ed.ac.uk

Applications of fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP)composite materials for engineering and preservingdurablestructureshavebecomeevermorewidespreadsince fist being seriously considered for suchapplications in the early 1980s. FRPs are nowwidelyusedincertainstructuralengineeringapplications;themostcommonoftheseinconstructionareprobably:

1) use of externally‐bonded FRP sheets or plates forrehabilitationandstrengtheningofconcrete,masonry,steel,ortimberstructures;

2) application of FRP rods or bars for internalreinforcement or prestressing of concrete structuralelements;and

3) use of all‐FRP structural sections (pultruded orotherwise)incertainnichestructuralapplications(e.g.marine, offshore, and certain other industrialapplications).

Provision of appropriate fire resistance is a majordesign consideration in virtually all building andconstructionprojects.Thus,whenFRPsareconsideredforuse inanyof theaboveapplications,questionsareinvariably (justifiably?) raised around fire safety andthe structural fire resistance of all‐FRP, FRP‐strengthened, or FRP‐reinforced or prestressedstructural elements. Despite a considerable researcheffort in thisarea,particularlyduringthepastdecade,there is a persistent andwidespread viewwithin theconstruction industry that “fireandFRPsdonotmix”;thishasproveddifficulttoovercomeandtheperceivedpoor performance of FRPs in fire continues todiscouragetheiruse.

Concerns associated with the use of FRP materialswhensubjectedtopossiblefireexposurestemfromthewell‐established thermo‐mechanical sensitivity ofpolymer‐based materials to elevated temperatures.Deterioration of mechanical and bond properties ofFRPmaterials occurs at temperatures in the range ofthe glass transition temperature, Tg, of an FRP’spolymer matrix. However, the consequences of this


deterioration for the fire‐survivabilityofall‐FRP,FRP‐strengthened, or FRP‐reinforced or prestressedstructuralelements,underload,areneitherwellknownnorproperlyquantified.Anumberof ‘reaction‐to‐fire’considerations are also relevant when applying FRPmaterials in construction projects, particularly inbuildings.TheseareassociatedwiththecombustibilityandfirespreadpropertiesofthepolymersusedinFRPmanufacture and adhesion, along with associatedpotentialtoxicityriskstobuildingoccupants.

FRP‐RCcolumnsbeforeandafterfireresistancetests

(NationalResearchCouncilofCanada)

In an effort to facilitate thewidespread applicationofFRPcomposites in construction, thispaperpresentsareviewofmorethanadecade’sresearchbytheauthor(andcolleagues)onthefireperformanceandfiresafetyof FRP composites in construction applications. Theavailable research on FRP materials and systems issummarizedandgeneralized,themythsandrealitiesofthe fire performance of FRPs are highlighted,significantremainingresearchgapsarediscussed,andguidance for practicing engineers is presented. ThisincludesresearchonPolymeradhesives,FRPmaterialsthemselves, FRP‐strengthened concrete and steelelements, FRP reinforced and prestressed concreteelements,andall‐FRPstructuralelements.Throughthisreview,andbyrationallyconsidering the fundamentalperformance objectives for structures in fire, it isshown that fire‐safe use of FRP composites inconstruction applications is, inmany cases,much lessproblematicthanwidelyperceived.

UpcomingConferencesandMeetings

FRP Bridges 2014, September 11‐12, 2014, London,UK.www.frpbridges.com

CAMX: Composites and AdvancedMaterials Expo,October13‐16,2014,Orlando,USA.www.thecamx.org

FRPRCS‐12 12th International Symposium on FiberReinforced Polymer for Reinforced ConcreteStructures,2015,Nanjing,China.

APFIS 2015 – 5th Asia‐PacificConference on FRP inStructures, 2015, Nanjing,China.

Abstractsdueinearly2015

ACIC 2015 – 5th AdvancedComposites in Construction,September2015,UK.

info@acic‐conference.com

CICE 2016 8th InternationalConferenceonFRPCompositesinCivilEngineering,June2016,HongKong.

CICE2012ProceedingsavailableonIIFCwebsiteThe complete Proceedings of CICE2012arenowavailableontheIIFCwebsite:www.iifc‐hq.org.

All proceedings of official IIFC conferencespresentlyarchivedontheIIFCwebsiteare:

CICE2012,Rome,Italy,13‐15June2012

CICE2010,Beijing,China,27‐29September2010

APFIS2009,Seoul,Korea,9‐11December2009

CICE2008,Zurich,Switzerland,22‐24July2008

APFIS2007,HongKong,12‐14December2007

CICE2006,Miami,USA,13‐15December2006

BBFS2005,HongKong,7‐9December2005


CompositesAroundtheWorld

Polish‐SwissteamdemonstratethefirstapplicationofprestressedCFRPlaminateswithgradientanchorageforstrengtheningpost‐tensionedconcretebridge‐TheTULCOEMPAProjectRenataKotynia,JulienMichels,MichałStaśkiewicz,[email protected]

The Polish‐Swiss cooperative TULCOEMPA project iscollaborationbetweentheTechnicalUniversityofLodz(TUL,Poland)andEMPA(Switzerland)intheresearchanddevelopmentof innovativemethods forstructuralstrengthening of existing bridge infrastructure andsubsequent life‐long monitoring using with advancedwirelesssystems.

Thefirstaimoftheprojectistopioneertheapplicationof innovative strengthening systems with prestressedcarbonfibrereinforcedpolymer(pCFRP)laminatesona bridge in Szczercowska Wieś (Poland). The secondgoal is to integrate information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) to support the effectiveness of thisstrengthening technique by continued long‐termstructuralhealthmonitoring(SHM)andenvironmentalmonitoring of the structure. The project involvedlaboratorytestsoftwogirdersandafieldapplicationoftheproposedstrengtheningtechnology.

Theroadbridgeover thePilsiaRiver inSzczercowskaWieś (about 66 km southwest of Lodz; 190 kmsouthwest of Warsaw), built in 1965, neededreconstruction and strengthening toupgrade the roadto a higher load class. The existing structure of thebridge consisted of five 18.4 m long post‐tensionedprecast concrete I‐girders supporting a 160 mmreinforcedconcretedeck(Fig.1).

Fig.1SzczercowskaWieśbridgebeforereconstruction.

Bridge reconstruction required widening of thestructure with two new rectangular‐section post‐tensionedgirdersandstrengtheningofexistinggirderswith externally bonded prestressed carbon fibrereinforced polymer (EB‐pCFRP) strips in flexure andEB‐CFRPsheetsinshear(Fig.2).

Laboratorytests

Two18.4mlongfull‐scalegirdersbasedontheoriginal1965SzczercowskaWieśbridgeplanswerefabricated(Figs3and4).Both1000mmdeepgirderswere castwith class C35/45 self‐compacting concrete (cubecompressivestrengthat testingwasapproximately65

Fig.2Bridgereconstructionandstrengtheningscheme.

Fig.4Strengtheningandtestingschemeofthelaboratorygirders.


MPa). After 28 days the girders were post‐tensionedwith five custom‐made prestressing cables consistingof nine 7mm diameter prestressing steel wires (fu =1670 MPa) and having square steel anchor heads ateach end (Fig. 3). After post‐tensioning, a 1250 mmwide,210mmdeepclassC30/37slab(51MPaattimeoftesting)wasplacedoneachgirder(Fig.4).

Fig.3Fabricationoflaboratorygirders.

In order to apply the pretensioned CFRP strips, thegirdersoffitmustbestraight.To‘correct’forthegirdercamber,a layerofPCCmortarvarying from15mmatthegirderendsto60mmatmidspanwasapplied(Fig.5).Toensuretheproperbondbetweenthegirderandfillingmortar,thesurfaceofthegirderwasroughenedby a high pressure water‐jet. Following mortarapplication, dry shotcrete with a guaranteed 28‐daycompressive strengthof 60MPawas applied in ordertoobtaintheflatbottomsurface(Fig.5).

Fig.5Soffitlevellingandshotcreteapplication.

Duetothepresenceoftwointernalsteeltendonsinthebottomflangeofthegirder,itwasnotpossibletoinstallany mechanical anchorage for the CFRP strips.Therefore the test girder was strengthened with twoEB‐pCFRP strips having a gradient anchorage. Thisinnovative, non‐mechanical anchorage method wasproposed by Prof. Urs Meier[1] and furtherdeveloped[2,3]atEMPA.Inthismethod,theendsoftheCFRP strips are anchored by sequential epoxy‐curingand force‐release in three steps, which reduces theprestressing force to zero at the strip ends whilemaintaining 100% of prestressing force at midspan.Accelerated epoxy cure was achieved using anelectronic heating device which produces hightemperatures over selected parts of the CFRPanchoragelength.Thisallowsforfasteradhesivecuring

andthepossibilityofastepwisetransferofshearstressby gradually releasing the prestressing force atdifferentstagesofthecure(Fig.6).Two100mmwide,1.2mmthickCFRPstripshavinganelasticmodulusof158 GPawere pre‐tensionedwith 120 kN force to aninitial pre‐strain of 0.006 (approximately 34% ofultimatecapacity).Thegradientanchoragewasappliedover a length of 800 mm, for which the initialprestressing force was released in three steps. AdetaileddescriptionofthegradientanchorageisgiveninMichelsetal.[4,5].

Fig.6EB‐pCFRPsysteminstallation;

prestressingramsandheatingboxshown.

Shear strengthening required the installation oftrapezoid‐shaped concrete bolsters in order to locallychange the I‐shaped girder to a rectangular section(Fig.7).Thegirdercornerswereroundedandholescutthrough the slab to permit EB‐CFRP sheets to beinstalled for shear strengthening (Fig. 7). The CFRPsheetswere75mmwideand0.9mmthickandspacedat1000mm.Themodulusof theCFRPused for shearstrengtheningwas240GPa.

Fig.7ConcretebolstersandshearstrengtheningwithEB‐CFRPsheetswrappedentirelyaroundgirder.

Both the unstrengthened reference Girder 1 andstrengthenedGirder2weretestedunderdisplacementcontrol in six‐pointmonotonic bending over an 18mspan(Fig.4).Allgirderswereextensivelyinstrumentedto capture deflections and concrete and CFRP strains.Digitalimagecorrelation(ARAMISsystem)wasusedtomonitor concrete strains on one side of thestrengthened girder in the critical shear span regionlocatedbetweentwoCFRPwrappings

The test of the referenceGirder 1was stopped at theload of 4 x 193 kN,when the hydraulic rams reached


theirstrokelimit.Atthispoint,midspandeflectionwas260 mm (L/69), concrete strains in the compressivezone had reached 0.0023, and tensile strains at thelevel of the lowermost post‐tensioning cables hadreached 0.011. Extensive flexural cracks, reaching thelevel of the concrete slab, were evident across themidspanregionofthegirder(Fig.8).

Fig.8LaboratorytestofreferenceGirder1.

Fig.9CFRPruptureofstrengthenedGirder2.

ThestrengthenedGirder2carriedanultimateloadof4x 240kNand achievedamid‐spandeflection reached210 mm (L/86) when the EB‐pCFRP strips ruptured(Fig. 9). No damage was observed to the CFRP shearreinforcement.Confirmingimprovedserviceability,thestrengthened girder exhibited a 22%greater crackingload and greater pre‐ andpost‐cracking stiffness (Fig.10).At theultimate load, concrete strainswere lowerthan inthereferencegirder(Fig.11).TheCFRPstraindue to load application was 0.010 at rupture,correspondingtoanultimatestrainof0.016 includingtheprestressingstrain.

The laboratory tests demonstrated the efficacy of theEB‐pCFRP system and installation procedure. Thestrengthened girder was stiffer and demonstrateduniversally lower strains than the reference girderindicating improved serviceability. The transverseCFRP shear wraps effectively arrested longitudinalCFRP debonding (which was observed) allowing theEB‐pCFRP to develop its full capacity; failure wasindicatedbyEB‐pCFRPrupture.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Fo

rce

in

on

e ja

ck [

kN]

Midspan deflection [mm]

Girder 1 - Preloading

Girder 1 - Test

Girder 2 - Preloading

Girder 2 - Test

Fig.10Load‐deflectionbehaviouroflaboratorytests.

0

50

100

150

200

250

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

For

ce

in o

ne ja

ck [k

N]

Concrete strain [%]CFRP strain [%]

Girder 1 - tensile concrete strain

Girder 1 - compressive concrete strain

Girder 2 - tensile concrete strain

Girder 2 - compressive concrete strain

strain CFRP strips

Fig.11Load‐deflectionbehaviouroflaboratorytests.

StrengtheningthebridgeinSzczercowskaWieś

The final stage of theTULCOEMPAprojectwas the insitu strengthening of the Szczercowska Wieś bridgegirdersusing thesametechniquedemonstrated in thelaboratory;thiswasdoneattheendofMay,2014.

As in the laboratory study, the girder soffits werewater‐jetted andmade straight using PCCmortar anddry‐shotcrete (Fig. 12). Concrete bolsterswere addedto theweb to allow for the installationof CFRP shearreinforcement.

Fig.12Girderpreparation.

Structural strengthening of the five existing bridgegirders (Fig. 2) also followed the same process asdemonstrated in the laboratory program. Over thecourse of twoweeks, ten EB‐pCFRP laminates and 90

forceinoneram

(kN)

midspandeflection(mm)

forceinoneram

(kN)

concreteorCFRPstrain(‰)


CFRPsheetwrappingswereappliedonthegirders(Fig.13). The complete application of one EB‐pCFRP stripusingthegradientmethodrequired less than4hours;up to threewere applied daily. Due to the use of thegradient anchorage system, all mechanical anchoringdevices can be removed immediately and re‐used onthenextstrengthenedmember.

Fig.13Flexuralstrengtheningofthebridgegirders.

During the strengthening operation the girders’deflections, concrete strains and CFRP strains wereconstantly monitored for the evaluation of changesresultingfromtheapplicationoftheEB‐pCFRPsystem.Applicationof the EB‐pCFRP resulted in an additionalcamber on the order of 0.15 – 0.30 mm. No loss ofinitial prestressing force in the CFRP laminates wasobserved during the strengthening. Successfulapplication of bridge strengthening using externallybondedprestressedCFRP (EB‐pCFRP) anchoredusingthe gradient method was demonstrated for the firsttimeinthefield(Fig.14);thiswastheprimarygoaloftheTULCOEMPAproject.

Fig.14SzczercowskaWieśbridgeafterreconstruction.Acknowledgements

Theauthorsacknowledgethe financial contributionofthe Polish‐Swiss Research Programme (PSRP) for thefinancial contribution to the joint research projectTULCOEMPA. Furthermore, the invaluable help ofEMPA and TUL staff for related experimentalinvestigation is highly appreciated. Finally, thecontribution to the strengthening application of S&PClever Reinforcement Switzerland and Poland isacknowledged.

TheTULCOEMPAteaminthelabandonthebridge.

ReferencesCited

[1] Stoecklin, I., Meier, U. (2003) Strengthening ofconcretestructureswithprestressedandgraduallyanchored CFRP strips. Proceedings of FRPRCS‐6,Singapore.

[2] CzaderskiC.,MotavalliM. (2007)40‐Year‐old full‐scale concrete bridge girder strengthened withprestressed CFRP plates anchored using gradientmethod. Composites Part B: Engineering, 38(7–8),878–86.

[3] Czaderski, Ch. Martinelli, E., Michels, J., Motavalli,M. (2012) Effect of curing conditions on strengthdevelopment in an epoxy resin for structuralstrengthening, Composites Part B: Engineering,43(2),398‐410.

[4] Michels,J.,SenaCruz,J.,Czaderski,C.,Motavalli,M.(2013) Structural Strengthening with PrestressedCFRPStripswithgradientAnchorage,ASCEJournalofCompositesforConstruction17(5),651‐661.

[5] Michels,J.,Martinelli,E.,Czaderski,C.,Motavalli,M.(2014) Prestressed CFRP strips with gradientanchorage for structural concrete retrofitting:experiments and numerical modeling”, Polymers,6(1),114‐131.

CICE2014papersbasedonthiswork:

Michels, J., Czaderski, C., Staskiewicz, M., Kotynia, R..Largescaletestingoftwopretensionedconcretegirders:comparisonbetweenretrofittedandreferencebeam

[copyeditedbyKentHarries]


CompositesAroundtheWorld

CompositeHousesinBrazilThe Latin American Composite Materials Association(ALMACO) reported in March that at Feicon Batimat(SaoPaulo,Brazil,March18‐22),themainconstructionindustry trade show in Latin America, it generated$11.5million(USD) inbusiness. Includedwasthesaleof611compositehousesmanufacturedbycompositesfabricatorMVC(Paraná,Brazil).The611manufacturedcomposite houses were sold for $7.5 million. Thebalance of the turnover, came from raw materialsrequired to build the houses, including resins,fiberglass,organicperoxidesandstructuraladhesives.

At Feicon Batimat, ALMACO erected a 330 m2CompositesNeighbourhood. The exhibition featured ahouse, school, health centre, bus stop, store, leisurearea, water tank, sink, bath, doors and stairs, allproduced by Brazilian companies. MVC provided thehouseandschool.“Thewholeexhibitionwasbasedon[composite materials]. From power poles, mini windpower generator, traffic signs to bus stop and decoritems,” says Gilmar Lima, president of ALMACO. Theconstruction systems adopted in both the house andschool were approved by Brazilian governmentprograms: the Program My House, My Life and theNational Education Development Fund (FNDE),respectively. The neighbourhoodwas an action basedon the same concept as the successful Compocity, amini‐citybuiltbyALMACOin2012.

[adaptedfromALMACO.org.br]

See more about composite housing solutions: FRPInternational Vol. 10, No. 2 (April 2013): STARTLINKLightweight Building Systems–Wholly PolymericStructures.

IIFCEducationTaskGroupandWebinarsEmmanuelFerrier,UniversitéLyon1Chair,IIFCEducationTaskGroupemmanuel.ferrier@univ‐lyon1.fr

The objective of the IIFC Education Task Group is topromote education and knowledge transfer of IIFCresearcher’stostudentsandindustry.TheIIFCwebinarseriesconsistsofshortonlineseminarsonspecializedtopics.Studentsenrolinavirtualclassroomandfollowthecoursefromtheircomputer.Eachwebinarcontainscommentary from the presenting professor, anannotated dashboard, details on calculation methodsdescribed and allows participant interaction. Thecontents of each webinar are approved by the IIFCEducationTaskGroup.

NextWebinar

Fire behaviour of RC structures, case of FRPstrengtheningwillbepresentedbyProf.LukeBisbyon11July2014at14:00GMT.Thiswebinarmaybejoinedatthefollowinglink:

http://spiralconnect.univ‐lyon1.fr/b3/join?meetingId=b3_3ad829ac‐275e‐45fc‐8154‐19815e3b2b49

A new series of webinars is expected to initiate inOctober 2014;more detailswill be given during CICEconference.NewtopicsonFRP inconstructionwillbepresented.

Archived2013‐14Webinars

FRPmaterialforstrengtheningofstructures inthefieldof construction, was presented by Prof. EmmanuelFerrieron20November2013.

RC beam strengthened for flexure was presented byProf.EnzoMartinellion8January2014.

RCbeamstrengthenedforshearwaspresentedbyProf.JoaquimBarroson20February2014.

Atthistimethefirstthreewebinarsareavailableinthefollowingdropbox:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qa8bb5g2u8ljhbt/O1ogdbR_9w

Durability of FRP was presented by Prof. BrahimBenmokraneon9April2014.Thiswebinarisavailableatthefollowinglink(ChromeorMozillarequired):

http://bigbb.univ‐lyon1.fr/playback/presentation/playback.html?meetingId=4e2eee83835988e1bac5c2628dad687ae3fdd17d‐1398347413102&t=58s


RecentDissertation

CompressiveStrengthofPultrudedGlass‐FiberReinforcedPolymer(GFRP)ColumnsDr.DanielCarlosTaissumCardosoCOPPE,[email protected]

DissertationAdvisors:Prof.EduardodeMirandaBatista,UFRJDr.KentA.Harries,UniversityofPittsburgh

In this work, performance and strength of pultrudedglass‐fibrereinforcedpolymer(GFRP)columnssubjectto short term concentric compression are studied. Toaccomplish this task, an extensive review of existingbackground theory is conducted, including global andlocalbucklingtheoriesfororthotropicmaterial,perfectcolumnfailuremodesandtheoriesbehind‘real’columnbehaviour. Gaps in the knowledge of andunderstandingof thebehaviourof thesemembersareidentified and, to fill them in, rational andcomprehensive methods resulting in simple andeffective design guidelines are developed andpresented. To evaluate the proposedmethods, resultsare compared to those obtained from experimentallyand/or from numerical analyses via Finite StripMethod. The experimental programs addressed thecompressive strength of GFRP square tube columnshavingdifferentcolumnandwallslenderness;andthelocal buckling of I‐sections stub columns havingdifferent flange‐width‐to‐section‐depth and depth‐to‐thickness ratios. The programs included cross‐sectiongeometry measurements, material characterization,experimental determination of critical loads,imperfections and compressive strengths andobservations on the failure modes and post‐bucklingbehaviour.

failuremodesofshort,intermediateandlong50.8x3.2mmGFRPtubes(arrowsindicatelocalbuckling)

Theconclusionsofthisstudyaredirectlyapplicabletoapproaches promulgated by various internationalcodes/standards. In particular it is demonstrated thatconsidering only simply‐supported junctions betweenwebandflangeplates(asiscommonlyrecommended),whilesimple,resultsinunderestimationofthebucklingcapacity of pultruded I‐section by approximately afactor of two. Additionally, this degree ofunderestimation increases as the flange slendernessincreases. Taken together, this has an implication forthe ‘calibration’ of building code material resistancefactors (so called φ factors). Using the simplysupported assumptions, reliability calibrations willresult in relatively highφ factorswhichmisrepresentthe material reliability, and may be appropriate foronly wide flange shapes. Calibrations using the morerigorousapproachproposedinthisworkwillresult inmore ‘representative’ and uniformly applicable φfactors.

CICE2014papersbasedonthiswork:

Cardoso, D., Harries, K.A. and Batista, E.M. LocalBucklingofPultrudedGFRPI‐SectionsColumns

Cardoso, D., Harries, K.A. and Batista, E.M. On TheDeterminationofMaterialPropertiesforPultrudedGFRPSections

Ratiosofpredicted‐to‐experimentalcriticalstressesfromliteratureandpresentstudy.Predictedvaluesarebasedonequationsproposedinthisstudy(soliddatapoints)andthosecommonlyusedinpractice(opendatapoints).


ASCEJournalofCompositesforConstructionPublishesIIFC10thAnniversarySpecialIssue

GuestEditors

Prof. Scott T. Smith, Southern Cross University,Australia

Prof.Jian‐FeiChen,Queen’sUniversity,BelfastUK

The International Institute for FRP in Construction(IIFC)was formed in 2003with amission to advancethe understanding and application of fibre–reinforcedpolymer(FRP)compositesincivilinfrastructure.Since2005,IIFChasenjoyedafruitfulassociationwithASCEvia co‐sponsorship of the Journal of Composites forConstruction (JCC). Therefore, it is fitting that thispresentJCC issuecommemoratesthe10thanniversaryofIIFC.ThisisthethirdspecialIIFCissuepublishedbyJCC; the first two issues were in April 2007 (“RecentInternational Advancements in FRP Research andApplication in Construction”) and April 2011 (“InHonorofProfessorUrsMeier”).

The present Special Issue contains 18 invited paperscontributedbymembersoftheIIFCExecutive,Counciland Advisory Committees and their collaborators,addressing a diverse range of topics that arerepresentativeofthebreadthofactivityinthefield.

The contributions of numerous individuals areacknowledged in the preparation of this special issue.Theauthorsofthepapersinthisissuearethankedforpreparing high‐quality manuscripts. Prof. CharlesBakis,Editor‐in‐ChiefofJCC,isthankedforhandlingthepaperreviewprocessandensuringmaintenanceofthehighJCCstandard.ProfessorBakisissupportedbyMs.ReneeLindenbergandalargeteamofreviewers;theircontributionsareallacknowledged.TheideaofanIIFC10thanniversaryspecial issuewaspositivelyreceivedby Prof. Lawrence Bank, IIFC President, and by themembers of the Executive Committee followingdiscussions after CICE 2012. For that, they are allthankedfortheirsupport.Finally,allmembersofIIFC,past and present, are thanked for their variouscontributionsover theyears,whichhaveenabled IIFCtomoveintoitsseconddecadeonasoundandpositivefooting.

[adaptedfromGuestEditor’sNote,ASCEJCC18(3)]

ASCEJournalofCompositesforConstruction,Volume18,No.3.June2014.

SpecialIssueonthe10thAnniversaryofIIFC

AxialCapacityofCircularConcreteColumnsReinforcedwithGFRPBarsandSpirals

Mohammad Z. Afifi, HamdyM.Mohamed, and BrahimBenmokrane______________

Examining the Presence of Arching Action in Edge‐StiffenedBridgeDeckCantileverOverhangsSubjectedtoaWheelLoad

C.Klowak,A.Mufti,andB.Bakht______________

Design of FRP‐Strengthened Infill‐Masonry WallsSubjectedtoOut‐of‐PlaneLoading

DillonS.LunnandSamiH.Rizkalla______________

Performance of RC Slab‐Type Elements StrengthenedwithFabric‐ReinforcedCementitious‐MatrixComposites

GiovanniLoreto,LorenzoLeardini,DianaArboleda,andAntonioNanni______________

Flexural Behavior of Preloaded RC Slabs StrengthenedwithPrestressedCFRPLaminates

Renata Kotynia, Krzysztof Lasek, and MichalStaskiewicz______________

Effect of Dynamic Loading and EnvironmentalConditionson theBondbetweenCFRPandSteel:State‐of‐the‐ArtReview

Xiao‐Ling Zhao, Yu Bai, Riadh Al‐Mahaidi, and SamiRizkalla______________

Experimental Investigation on FRP‐to‐Timber BondedInterfaces

JingWan, Scott T. Smith, PizhongQiao, and FangliangChen______________

Integrated Performance of FRP Tendons with FiberHybridization

NagehM.Ali,XinWang,andZhishenWu______________

Numerical and Experimental Validation of FRP PatchAnchors Used to Improve the Performance of FRPLaminatesBondedtoConcrete

R.KalfatandR.Al‐Mahaidi______________

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Reinforced‐ConcreteMembers FullyWrappedwith LargeRupture‐StrainFRPComposites

TidarutJirawattanasomkul,Jian‐GuoDai,DaweiZhang,MineoSenda,andTamonUeda______________

FatigueBehaviorofConcreteBridgeDecksCastonGFRPStay‐in‐PlaceStructuralForms


PatrickRichardson,MarkNelson,andAmirFam______________

ComparativeStudyofDifferentCement‐BasedInorganicPastes towards theDevelopmentofFRIPStrengtheningTechnology

Jian‐GuoDai,SarfrazMunir,andZhuDing______________

Analytical Model for FRP‐and‐Steel‐Confined CircularConcreteColumnsinCompression

HaoHuandRudolfSeracino______________

LimitsofApplicationofExternallyBondedCFRPRepairsforImpact‐DamagedPrestressedConcreteGirders

Jarret L. Kasan, Kent A. Harries, Richard Miller, andRyanJ.Brinkman______________

Web Buckling in Pultruded Fiber‐Reinforced PolymerDeepBeamsSubjectedtoConcentratedLoads

DavidT.BorowiczandLawrenceC.Bank______________

Strengthening of Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frameswith TRM: Study on the Development and Testing ofTextile‐BasedAnchors

L. Koutas, A. Pitytzogia, T. C. Triantafillou, and S. N.Bousias______________

Experimental Investigation of Concrete Shear WallsReinforced with Glass Fiber–Reinforced Bars underLateralCyclicLoading

Nayera Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, BrahimBenmokrane,andKennethW.Neale______________

Postfatigue Monotonic Behavior of RC BeamsStrengthened with Prestressed NSM CFRP Strips:DuctilityEvaluation

RaafatEl‐HachaandFadiOudah______________

Bond Strength Model for CFRP Strips Near‐SurfaceMountedtoConcrete

S.S.Zhang,J.G.Teng,andT.Yu

TheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)JournalofCompositesforConstruction(JCC)ispublishedwiththesupportof IIFC.Asa service to IIFCmembersandthrough an agreement with ASCE, FRP Internationalprovides an index of ASCE JCC. The ASCE JCCmay befoundatthefollowingwebsite:

http://ascelibrary.org/cco/

ASCE JCC subscribers and those with institutionalaccessareabletoobtainfulltextversionsofallpapers.Preview articles are also available at this site. Papersmay be submitted to ASCE JCC through the followinglink:

http://www.editorialmanager.com/jrncceng/

NewPublicationReinforcedConcretewithFRPBars:MechanicsandDesign

AntonioNanni,AntonioDeLucaandHanyJawaheriZadeh

Corrosion‐resistant,electromagnetically transparentand lightweight fiber‐reinforcedpolymers(FRPs)areacceptedasalternativestosteelforconcretereinforcement. ReinforcedConcrete with FRP Bars: Mechanics and Design, atechnical guide based on the authors’ more than 30years of collective experience, provides principles,algorithms,andpracticalexamples.

Well‐illustrated with case studies on flexural andcolumn‐typemembers, the book covers internal, non‐prestressed FRP reinforcement. It assumes somefamiliarity with reinforced concrete, and excludesprestressing and near‐surfacemounted reinforcementapplications. The text discusses FRP materialsproperties, and addresses testing and quality control,durability, and serviceability. It provides a historicaloverview, and emphasizes theACI technical literaturealongwithotherresearchworldwide.Thetext:

⦁ Includes an explanation of the key physicalmechanicalpropertiesofFRPbarsandtheirproductionmethods

⦁Providesalgorithmsthatgoverndesignanddetailing,includinganewformulationfortheuseofFRPbarsincolumns

⦁Offersa justificationforthedevelopmentofstrengthreductionfactorsbasedonreliabilityconsiderations

⦁ Uses a two –story building solved inMathcad® thatcanbecomeatemplateforrealprojects

This book is mainly intended for practitioners andfocuses on the fundamentals of performance anddesign of concrete members with FRP reinforcementand reinforcement detailing. Graduate students andresearcherscanuseitasavaluableresource.

Availableat:http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780415778824

IIFCWorkingGrouponFRP‐StrengthenedMetallicStructuresAnnouncementThe 2014 list of technical publications on FRP‐StrengthenedMetallicStructuresisnowavailablefromWorking Group Chair Prof. Xiao‐Ling Zhao([email protected]). The list presentlycontains572citations!


InternationalInstituteforFRPinConstruction

MembershipApplicationandRenewal

IIFC Member Number (if applicable):

Dr./Mr./Ms./Prof. Surname First/Middle Names

Job Title/Position:

Employer/Company:

Employer type: Academic Corporate Government Self‐employed Retired

Address:

City: State/Prov./Pref.: Postal/Zip Code:

Country: homepage (optional):

email: alternate email (optional):

Education/Experience: Please attach a current resume or CV (new members only)

I/we wish to join the International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC) as a (please tick one box)

Member (US$100) Student Member (US$25) Patron Member (US$500)

Patron Membership includes two designated individuals who shall have all the privileges of IIFC membership. If applying for a Patron Membership, please nominate one additional colleague to receive the privileges of membership:

Dr./Mr./Ms./Prof. Surname First/Middle Names

Job Title/Position: email:

METHOD OF PAYMENT (Payable in US Funds) Cheques and money orders to be made payable to “IIFC”

Check / Money Order For Office Use Only

Date of Receipt:

Visa Mastercard Membership Number:

Transaction Date:

Amount:

Credit Card No. Expiration Date Authorization No:

Invoice No:

Name on Credit Card CVC number Journal Entry No:

Signature of Cardholder

Submit to: IIFC Administrative Center c/o Queen’s UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ellis Hall • 58 University Ave.

Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada Tel: (613)533‐6000 (Ext. 79359) • Fax: (613)533‐2128

Email: treasurer@iifc‐hq.org • Website: www.IIFC‐hq.org

By submitting this application you agree to share your contact information with fellow IIFC members and any

conference/organization associated with IIFC.

FRPINTERNATIONALtheofficialnewsletteroftheInternationalInstituteforFRPinConstruction

InternationalInstituteforFRPinConstructionCouncil

Australia KoreaR.Al‐Mahaidi SwinburneUniversityofTechnology J.Sim HanyangUniversityT.Aravinthan UniversityofSouthernQueensland PolandM.Griffith UniversityofAdelaide R.Kotynia TechnicalUniversityofLodzS.T.Smith SouthernCrossUniversity Portugal

Canada J.Barros UniversityofMinhoR.El‐Hacha UniversityofCalgary SingaporeA.Fam Queen’sUniversity K.H.Tan NationalUniversityofSingapore

China SpainJ.G.Dai TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity M.D.G.Pulido SanPabloUniversityP.Feng TsinghuaUniversity SwitzerlandY.F.Wu CityUniversityofHongKong T.Keller SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyX.Xue TongjiUniversity Turkey

Denmark A.Ilki IstanbulTechnicalUniversityJ.W.Schmidt TechnicalUniversityofDenmark UK

Egypt L.A.Bisby UniversityofEdinburghH.M.Seliem HelwanUniversity J.F.Chen Queen’sUniversityBelfast

France M.Guadagnini UniversityofSheffieldE.Ferrier UniversitéLyon1 T.J.Stratford UniversityofEdinburgh

Germany S.Taylor Queen’sUniversityBelfastL.DeLorenzis TechnicalUniversityofBraunschweig USA

Iran C.E.Bakis PennsylvaniaStateUniversityM.Motavalli UniversityofTehran/EMPA,Switzerland L.C.Bank CityCollegeofNewYork

Israel M.Dawood UniversityofHoustonA.Katz Technion‐IsraelInstituteofTechnology N.F.Grace LawrenceTechnologicalUniversity

Italy I.E.Harik UniversityofKentuckyG.Monti SapienzaUniversityofRome K.A.Harries UniversityofPittsburgh

Japan F.Matta UniversityofSouthCarolinaZ.S.Wu IbarakiUniversity R.Seracino NorthCarolinaStateUniversityS.Yamada ToyohashiUniversityofTechnology B.Wan MarquetteUniversity

InternationalInstituteforFRPinConstructionAdvisoryCommittee J.G.Teng(Chair) HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,China T.C.Triantafillou UniversityofPatras,GreeceK.W.Neale UniversityofSherbrooke,Canada T.Ueda HokkaidoUniversity,JapanS.H.Rizkalla NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,USA L.P.Ye TsinghuaUniversity,ChinaL.Taerwe GhentUniversity,Belgium X.L.Zhao MonashUniversity,Australia

FRPInternationalneedsyourinput…AsIIFCgrows,weseektoexpandtheutilityandreachofFRPInternational.ThenewsletterwillcontinuetoreporttheactivitiesofIIFCandfocusonIIFC‐sponsoredconferencesandmeetings.Nevertheless,wealsosolicitshortarticlesofallkinds:researchorresearch‐in‐progress reports and letters, case studies, field applications, book reviewsor anything thatmight interest the IIFCmembership.Articleswillgenerallyrunabout1000wordsandbewell‐illustrated.Submissionsmaybesentdirectlytotheeditor.Additionally, please utilizeFRP International as a forum to announce items of interest to themembership. Announcements ofupcoming conferences, innovative research or products and abstracts from newly‐published PhD dissertations areparticularly encouraged. All announcements are duplicated on the IIFC website (www.iifc‐hq.org) and all issues of the FRPInternationalarealsoavailableinthearchiveatthissite.

FRPInternationalisyours,theIIFCmembership’sforum.Thenewsletterwillonlybeasusefulandinterestingasyouhelptomakeit.So,again,pleasebecomeanFRPInternationalauthor.

Documents

FRP International Vol 11 No 3 July 2014 - iTechgyan International • Vol. 11 No. 3 3 IIFC Medal – Prof. Antonio Nanni The IIFC Medal, the Institute’s highest honour, is awarded