Frontex Final

7/31/2019 Frontex Final

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Francesca Ghinami &Giulia Rubino

Present:


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Frontex was established by Council Regulation (EC)2007/2004, and started to be operational on October 3,2005, with seat in Warsaw, in recently entered Polland.

Its regulation was later amended by the Regulation (EC) No863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council

of 11 July 2007 establishing a mechanism for the creationof Rapid Border Intervention Teams and amending CouncilRegulation (EC) RABIT, and once again by the Regulation(EU) No 1168/2011
http://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/rabit_regulation-863-2007.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/rabit_regulation-863-2007.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/rabit_regulation-863-2007.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/frontex_amended_regulation_2011.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/rabit_regulation-863-2007.pdfhttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Legal_basis/rabit_regulation-863-2007.pdf


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First head: executive administrator colonel

Its secretariat consists in 272 secondednational experts, temporary, auxiliary andcontract staff.

The deployment of temporary workers fromother EU contries to support border patrullingactions, has been often related (Many

complaints about its temporary -RABITdeployment)


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With the reforms of the Lisbon Treaty,FRONTEX assumed juridical subjectivity.

Being namely an administrative organisation, which

task should be coordinating EU membersauthorities actions at the borders, it has totaldecisorial autonomy in the planning, managementand operative aspects of its actions, carried outwith military equipments, before put at its own

disposal by the Schengen member States, now ofits own property.


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Frontex has at its own disposal 85 mill , partly donated by the EUfundings, and partly from the Schengen member States.


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PLAN, MANAGE, COORDINATE, OPERATE Frontex joint

operations conducted using Member States staff and equipment atthe external borders (sea, land and air).(http://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-tasks )

Provide Member States with the necessary support, includingcoordination or organisation ofjoint return operations.

COOPERATE Frontex liaises closely with other EU partners involved in the

development of the area ofFreedom, Security and Justicesuchas Europol, EASO, Eurojust, FRA or CEPOL, as well as with customsauthorities in order to promote overall cohesion.

Frontex also works closely with the border-control authorities ofnon-EU/Schengen countries mainly those countries identified as asource or transit route of irregular migration
http://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-taskshttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/partners/eu-partnershttps://www.europol.europa.eu/http://eurojust.europa.eu/Pages/home.aspxhttp://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/home/home_en.htmhttp://www.cepol.europa.eu/https://www.europol.europa.eu/http://eurojust.europa.eu/Pages/home.aspxhttp://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/home/home_en.htmhttp://www.cepol.europa.eu/http://www.cepol.europa.eu/http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/home/home_en.htmhttp://eurojust.europa.eu/Pages/home.aspxhttps://www.europol.europa.eu/http://www.frontex.europa.eu/partners/eu-partnershttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-taskshttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-taskshttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-taskshttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-taskshttp://www.frontex.europa.eu/about/mission-and-tasks


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Ability to establish autonomously bilateraltreatments (called Working Arrangements..) with:

, , , ,, the Former Yugoslav Republic of

, , , and, the , ,

, , , and (+ CIS Border Troop Commanders Council & the MARRI RegionalCentre in the Western Balkans)

In addition, is various stages of negotiations with theauthorities of:

.:


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During the RABIT deployment, the European Court of HumanRights found that conditions in Greek migrant detentioncenters were inhuman and degrading.

The court said Belgium violated its human rights obligationsby knowingly exposing an Afghan asylum seeker to suchtreatment when it transferred him back to Greece.

(M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece)

Its a disturbing contradiction that at the same time that theEuropean Court of Human Rights was categorically ruling thatsending migrants to detention in Greece violated theirfundamental rights, Frontex, an EU executive agency, and borderguards from EU states were knowingly sending them there,director of Human Rights Watch, Bill Frelick, said.


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NGO statement on the note on internationalprotection - UNHCR's 45th StandingCommittee, Jun 2009

requests and claimfor informations and respect of human rights


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Migreurop group, in a report of 2011, pointed out:

A big gap between text and reality in the theme of with several, during retournement and identification operations, about the rights of:

1. Asylum2. Non-refoulement3. International protection

4. Dignity of life5. To leave any country6. Inhuman and degrading treatment7. To the protection of personal data8. Non discrimination


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The 13 of september 2010 the Parliamentapproved the reform of Frontex, with theseobjectives:

Expanding the power and autonomy ofFRONTEX

Reduce the cost, improve efficiency

More commitment with Human Rights/Preserve it by the blame of violations ofinternational law


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Allowing Frontex to finance and implement technicalassistance projects in third countries and to deploy liaisonofficers in third countries

Giving Frontex a mandate to analyse operational risks andrequirements in the Member States.


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from Member States which will be combined with the gradual

s, which will be combined with a pool of

border guards on semi-permanent detachment from MemberStates to Frontex, with the status of national experts

Future creation of a proper


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Explicit obligation to respect the

No person may be disembarked or handed over to the authorities of acountry where his/her life or freedoms could be threatened.

Adoption of a Fundamental Rights , an for

fundamental rights and a on fundamental rights

Institution of in respect of human rights

Special in the matters of fundamental rights,international protetion, asylum and refuge

Possibility to suspend operations in case of heavy violations.


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Bilateral diplomacy with third States

The adoption of own armaments-equipment-guards

:militar assessment of a financied butindependent external operations agency of theEU.

Delivery of responsabilities: Members ofthe shall, whileperforming their tasks and exercising their powers,remain subject to the disciplinary measures of theirhome Member State."


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Fonts:

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=EN

Migreurop report: http://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdf
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://barbara-lochbihler.de/cms/upload/PDF_2011/GL_Frontex_E_1.pdfhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=ENhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2011-0278&format=XML&language=EN

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Frontex Final