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Frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica I: eyebrows
F: raise eyebrows, pull scalp anteriorly
N: Facial Nerve
A: Raises eyebrow
Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal, maxillary bones I: eyelids
F: close eyes
N: Zygomatic branches of the Facial nerve
A: closes eyelid
Origin anterior of zygomatic
Insertion modiolus of mouth
Nerve buccal branch of facial nerve
Action draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
Zygomaticus Major
RISORIUS
Origin parotid fascia
Insertion modiolus
Artery facial artery
Nerve Buccal branch of the facial nerve
Actions draw back angle of mouth SMILE!
Orbicularis oris
O: muscles around mouth I: lips
F: close, purse lips
N: cranial nerve VII, buccal branch of the facial nerve
A: pucker the lips
MENTALIS
Origin anterior mandible
Insertion chin
ArteryNerve mandibular branch of facial nerve
Actions elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
BUCCINATOR
Origin from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion in the fibres of the orbicularis oris
Arterybuccal artery
Nervebuccal branch of the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)
ActionsThe buccinator compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing. It is an assistant muscle of mastication (chewing).
Buccinator
O: maxilla & mandible I: orbicularis oris
F: compress cheek
N: Buccal branch of the facial nerve VII
A: The buccinator compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing. It is an assistant muscle of mastication
Origin subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
Insertion base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
Artery branches of the Submental artery and Suprascapular artery
Nerve cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
ActionsDraws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch I: angle of mandible
F: elevate mandible
N: masseteric nerve III
A: Closes mouth and Retracts mandible
Origin temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull.
Insertion coronoid process of the mandible.
Artery deep temporal
Nerve third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve
Action elevation and retraction of mandibleAntagonistPlatysma muscle
Temporalis
Originmanubrium sterni,
Insertion mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line
Artery occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery
Nerve motor: accessory nervesensory: cervical plexus
Action Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII)
Insertion first and second ribs
Artery Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)
Nerve cervical nerves (C3-C8)
Actions elevation of ribs I&II
Origin iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Artery Lumbar arteries, lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
Nerve The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth lumbar nerves
Actions Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage
External intercostals
O: ribs I: ribs
F: elevate ribs, expand thorax (inspire)
Internal intercostals
O: ribs I: ribs
F: depress ribs, contract thorax (expire)
External oblique
O: ribs I: linea alba
F: flex, rotate trunk; compress abdomen
Internal oblique
O: lumbar fascia I: linea alba
F: flex & rotate trunk; compress abdomen
Transversus abdominus
O: lumbar fascia & ribs I: linea alba
F: compress abdomen, rotate trunk
Rectus abdominus
O: pubis I: ribs
F: flex trunk, compress abdomen
Origin 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages
Insertion medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Artery Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Nerve Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Actions It stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.
Origin Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages
Insertion intertubercular groove of the humerus
Artery pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Nerve: lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerveClavicular head: C5 and C6Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1
Action Clavicular head: flexes the humerusSternocostal head: extends the humerusAs a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
Pectoralis Major
Serratus anterior
O: ribs I: scapula
F: protract & stabilize scapula
Origin first rib
Insertion subclavian groove of clavicle
Artery thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
Nerve nerve to subclavius
Actions depression of clavicle
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, vertebrae I: scapula
F: extend head, fix scapula
Levator scapulaeOrigin Posterior tubercles
of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae
Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula
Artery dorsal scapular artery
Nerve cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Action Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
Rhomboid
Originnuchal ligaments, spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae
Insertion medial border of the scapula
Artery dorsal scapular artery
Nerve dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
Action Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.
DELTOIDS
Origin clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Insertion deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Artery primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
Nerve Axillary nerve
Action shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Latissimus Dorsi
O: vertebrae I: humerus
F: extend, adduct arm
Teres majorO: inferior angle of scapula I: humerus
F: extend, adduct arm
SubscapularisO: scapula I: humerus
F: medially rotate arm
Supraspinatus
O: scapula I: humerus
F: abducts arm, stabilize shoulder
Infraspinatus
O: scapula I: humerus
F: laterally rotate arm
Teres minorF: laterally rotate, adduct armO: Lateral border of scapula
I: humerus
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid of scapula I: humerus
F: flex and adduct arm
Triceps brachii
O: scapula & humerus I: olecranon of ulna
F: extend forearm & arm
N:
ANCONEUSOrigin lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally
Insertion lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally
Artery deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery
Nerve radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
Actions It is partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. It also stabilises the elbow during pronation and supination and pulls slack out of the elbow joint capsule during extention to prevent impingement.
Biceps brachii
O: scapula I: radial tuberosity
F: flex forearm & arm
BRACHIALIS
Origin anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone
Insertion coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna
Artery radial recurrent artery
Nerve musculocutaneous nerve
Actions flexion at elbow joint
Brachioradialis
Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion Distal radius (Radial styloid process)
Artery radial recurrent artery
Nerve radial nerve
Action Flexion of forearm
PRONATOR TERES
Origin humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Insertion radius
Artery ulnar artery and radial artery
Nerve median nerve
Action pronation of forearm, flexes elbow
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Insertion Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Artery ulnar artery
Nerve Median nerve
Action Flexion and abduction at wrist
Antagonist Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
PALMARIS LONGUS
Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Insertion palmar aponeurosis
Artery ulnar artery
Nerve median nerve
Action wrist flexor
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Origin medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
Insertion pisiform
Artery ulnar artery
Nerve muscular branches of ulnar nerve
Action flexion of wrist
Antagonist Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: humerus, ulna, radius I: middle phalanges 2-5
F: flex hand, phalanges
Origin The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.)
Insertion The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Artery Anterior interosseus artery
Nerve Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1)
Action Flexion of the thumb.
FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: ulna I: distal phalanges 2-5
F: flex hand, phalanges
PRONATOR QUADRATUSOrigin medial, anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Artery anterior interosseous artery
Nerve median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Actions pronates the forearm
Antagonist Supinator muscle
BrachioradialisO: humerus I: styloid of radius
F: flex forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: humerus I: 2nd metacarpal
F: extend and abduct hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevisO: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: 3rd metacarpal
F: extend & abduct hand
Extensor digitorum
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: distal phalanges 2-5
F: extend hand & phalanges
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: 5th metacarpal
F: extend, adduct hand
Supinator
O: humerus, ulna I: radius
F: supinate forearm
Psoas major
O: vertebrae I: femur
F: flex thigh
Iliacus O: ilium I: femur
F: flex thigh
Sartorius
O: ilium (A.S.I.S.) I: tibia
F: flex thigh & leg
Origin anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis
Insertion the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur
Artery Obturator artery
Nerve obturator nerve
Action adduction of hip
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Origin pubis, tuberosity of the ischium
Insertion
femur
Artery Obturator artery
Nerve posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and sciatic nerve (hamstring)[1]
Action adduction of hip
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
PECTINEUSOrigin pubis - superior pubic ramus
Insertion Lesser trochanter, linea aspera
Artery Obturator artery
Nerve Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve
Actions Thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Origin ischiopubic ramus
Insertion tibia (pes anserinus)
Nerve anterior branch of obturator nerve
Action flexes hip, knee
GRACILIS MUSCLE
Biceps femoris
O: ischial tuberosity & femur I: tibia & fibula
F: extend thigh & flex leg
Rectus femorisO: ilium (A.I.I.S.) I: tibia via patella
F: flex thigh & extend leg
Vastus lateralisO: femur I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg
Vastus medialisO: femur I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg
Vastus intermedius
O: femur I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg
Tensor fascia lataO: ilium I: iliotibial band
F: abduct & flex thigh
Iliotibial Tract- General Anatomy:
- Contracture of the IT Band: - contracture of the IT band is common in CP and polio; - patients demonstrate flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip; - diff dx: abduction contracture; - exam: - Ober test: - detects contracture of the iliotibial band; - have pt lie on normal hip, with affect hip and knee flexed; - hip is abducted and extended inorder to center the iliotibial band on the greater trochanter; - then attempt to adduct the hip, which will be limited w/ contracture; - reference: - A new test for esteimating iliotibial band contracture. V.K. Gautam and S. Anand. JBJS. Vol 80-B. No 3. May 1998. p 474.
Gluteus maximusO: ilium & sacrum I: femur
F: extend thigh
Gluteus medius
O: ilium I: femur
F: abduct & medially rotate thigh
Origin sacrum
Insertion
greater trochanter
Artery Inferior gluteal artery , Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery,
Nerve nerve to the Piriformis (L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots)
Action rotate laterally (outward) the thigh
Piriformis
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
Origin obturator foramen and obturatory membrane
Insertion medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Artery obturator artery
Nerve posterior branch of obturator nerve (third and fourth lumbar nerves)
Actions adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh
QUADRATUS FEMORISOrigin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion Intertrochanteric crest
Artery Inferior gluteal artery
Nerve Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Actions lateral rotation and adduction of thigh[1]
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
• Origin Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius.
• Insertion Greater trochanter of the femur• Artery superior gluteal artery• Nerve superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve
roots)• Actions Works in concert with gluteus medius:
abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
• Antagonist lateral rotator group
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia
F: extend thigh & flex leg
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia
F: extend thigh & flex leg
Vastus intermedius
O: femur I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg
Adductor magnus
O: ischium & pubis I: femur
F: adduct, flex, laterally rotate thigh
Tibialis anterior
O: tibia I: tarsals & metatarsal 1
F: dorsiflex foot
FIBULARIS TERTIUS
Origin distal anterior surface of the fibula
Insertion dorsal surface of metatarsal 5
Artery anterior tibial artery
Nerve deep fibular nerve
Actions dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Fibularis longus (peroneous longus)
Origin fibula
Insertion first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Artery fibular (peroneal) artery
Nerve Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Action plantarflexion, eversion
Antagonist Tibialis anterior muscle
Peroneus longus
O: fibula I: 1st metatarsal
F: plantar flex & evert foot
PERONEUS (FIBULARIS) BREVIS
PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS
• Origin fibula
• Insertion fifth metatarsal
• Artery peroneal artery
• Nerve superficial peroneal nerve
• Actions plantarflexion, eversion
Gastrocnemius
O: femur I: calcaneus
F: plantar flex foot, flex knee
Soleus
O: tibia & fibula I: calcaneus
F: plantar flex foot
