From yesterday

Activity Groups Each group will research an aspect of

the Stone Age. Tools Language Clothes Animals Family Structure

Let’s share!! Each group will share what it discovered

about its topic

Did your stone age look like this???

Flintstones - Opening and Closing Credits - YouTube

Moving from the old stone age… Into the new stone age!!

It’s called the Neolithic Era

Characteristics of Neolithic Era

Advances inToolmakingFood

Nomads People lived as nomads, by hunting &

gathering…and then they learned to farm

Neolithic Revolution Historians call this shift to farming NEOLITHIC

REVOLUTION Ice Age over-new plants & animals show up-like

barley and wheat

Gathering Food So people can now

GATHER food instead of constantly searching for new sources and

Now they begin to practice domestication-the selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans

Dog is a man’s best friend!

Agriculture Changes Society

World population grew. Why?Some began to live as nomadic pastoralists-people who ranged over wide areas & kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food & other items

Early Farming SocietiesLived close

togetherHouses-mud

bricks or other materials

Raised crops & livestock

Villages & towns emerged

Early Farming Societies Trade increases! Differences in social status emerges More formalized religion Megaliths show up

MegalithsHuge stones-built as monuments for burial or spiritual purposes

Stonehenge Secrets of Stonehenge (1/4) – YouTube

Secrets of Stonehenge (2/4) - YouTube

New TechnologiesTools were

developedAround 6000

BCE people began to use animals-like cows-to pull plows

Clay used to make pottery

Catal Huyuk

In modern day Turkey

Otzi the Iceman

The Bronze Age is Coming Sheep & goats provided wool-making garments &

blankets Metal began being used-first copper & then

bronze-a mix of copper & tin making stronger objects

So enters the Bronze Age-around 3000 BCE in some areas, later in others

Activity Now take your research on the stone

age & do research on the Bronze Age. Let’s compare and contrast.

Section 3

Foundations of

Civilization

From Villages to CitiesGradual transitionNew methods of

farming were developed

Development of irrigation systems was VERY important

Surplus-excess-was produced

Changing Economies Fewer people needed

to farm So other jobs

developed-like tool making and weapons, weavers, potters, religious leaders

Division of labor-economic arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job-was developed

Characteristics of CitiesSome villages grew

into citiesLarger & more

densely populatedUruk is the first known

city-between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in today’s Iraq

3000 BCE40,000-50,000 people

Cities Populations were more

diverse-more people were unrelated

More formal organization than villages Defined center

Temples Monuments Govt buildings marketplaces

CitiesDefined

boundaries-defensive walls

Centers of tradeMerchants &

farmers from surrounding villages traveled to city markets to exchange goods

First CivilizationsFormed from early citiesDefine civilization-A complex and organized society

From fertile river valleys

Fertile River Valleys

Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia

Fertile River Valleys

The Nile in Africa

Fertile River Valleys

Indus in South Asia

Fertile River ValleysHuang He (Yellow River) in China

Fertile River Valleys Rivers flooded

Religions developed differently

Violent & unpredictable floods created more violent gods

Regular flooding created more predictable, less violent gods

Characteristics of Early Civilizations

Developed citiesExamples include:Ur and Uruk near Tigris and Euphrates

Memphis on the NileMohenjo Daro on the Indus River

Anyang near Huang He

Characteristics ContdOrganized GovernmentFormalized ReligionSpecialization of Labor

Artisans showed up-skilled craftspeopleBasketryCarpentryMetalworkpottery

Characteristics ContdSocial Classes

Rulers, priests, and noblesMerchants and artisansFarmers and unskilled workers (majority)

Enslaved people

Characteristics Contd

Record Keeping and Writing

Record keeping in Sumer used clay tokens & pouches

Systems of writing developed about 5,000 years ago Picture symbols Then abstract symbols

Characteristics ContdThe Arts

Change in CivilizationExpansion and WarfareSpread of people & ideas

Cultural Diffusion-spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another

Environmental InfluencesFloods & other natural disasters