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FROM WORKPLACE TO ANYPLACE ASS ESSI NG THE OPP ORTUNI TI ES
TO REDU CE GREE NHOUSE GAS EM I S SI ONS WI TH VI RTUAL ME ETI N GS AND TELECOM M UTI NG
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Executive summary
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91
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50
48
42
31
19
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Save the environment
Internal training/upgrading
Improve contact with clients/suppliers Reduce travel fatigue
Increase efficienc y of decision making Improve internal contact
Reduce travel costs Time
savings
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1.2 Virtual meetings
1.2.1 Virtual meetings – Data availability and data-collection issues
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1.2.2 Virtual meetings – Existing literature
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Cook and Haver (1994) • It was argued that a 25 percent replacement of business travel by air was going to take place in the US by 2010.
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1.2.3 Virtual meetings – Existing barriers and growth potential
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1.4 Paths of GHG impact for teleworking and teleconferencing
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2 Future worlds
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2.1 Carbon world
9!+)*D,1!=,*46!*5C*5;51/;!)!=,*46!21!=72+7!D,/7!C,42+E!@)L5*;!)16!216.;/*E!)*5!1,/!=24421F!,*!)D45!/,!
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2.2 Policy world
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2.3 Tech world
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2.4 Smart world
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3 Quantitative analysis – Methodology
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Simulation modules
Country n
Country …
Country A
Control panel
Key assumptions virtual meetings
Key assumptions telecommuting
Virtual meeting
Country n
Country …
Country A
Telecommuting
Background data modules
Country n
Country …
Country A
Socio-economic data
Country n
Country …
Country A
Socio-economic data
Country n
Country …
Country A
Road transportation
data
Country n
Country …
Country A
Road transportation
data
Country n
Country …
Country A
Air transportation data
Country n
Country …
Country A
Air transportation data
Output Sheet(s)
!
! RK
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3.1 Key assumptions – Approach
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LDV Car ownership rate (per 1000 population) pre telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 618 626 636 644 651 659 667 674 682 690 698
EU 27 463 463 501 520 537 553 569 585 601 618 635
Japan 395 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 399 418 437 456 476 495 514 533 552
FSU 100 108 133 168 212 258 310 340 373 408 447
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 345 391 440 466 493 522 551
China 13 17 26 37 50 66 86 111 142 181 231
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 56 68 82 98 117
India 10 14 17 21 26 30 40 51 66 83 105
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 63 68 74 79 85 91
Latin America 78 87 101 118 136 157 181 209 240 276 317
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Car ownership rate post telecommuting (per 1000 inhabitants)2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 618 626 636 643 650 657 664 671 678 685 692
EU 27 463 463 501 520 536 552 567 583 599 615 631
Japan 395 395 396 397 397 398 399 399 400 400 401
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 399 418 437 456 474 493 511 530 548
FSU 100 108 133 168 211 258 309 339 372 407 445
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 345 391 440 465 492 519 549
China 13 17 26 37 50 66 86 110 142 181 230
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 56 68 82 98 116
India 10 14 17 21 26 30 39 51 65 83 104
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 63 68 73 79 85 91
Latin America 78 87 101 118 136 157 181 208 240 275 315
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
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LDV Car ownership rate (per 1000 population) pre telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 618 626 636 641 645 649 653 657 662 666 670
EU 27 463 463 499 515 529 542 555 567 580 593 607
Japan 395 395 394 393 392 391 390 389 388 387 386
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 397 414 431 447 464 480 496 512 527
FSU 100 108 133 168 211 255 305 333 364 396 432
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 344 387 434 457 481 506 532
China 13 17 26 37 50 65 84 108 138 176 223
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 55 67 80 95 113
India 10 14 17 21 25 30 39 50 64 81 101
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 62 67 72 77 83 88
Latin America 78 87 101 118 135 155 179 205 234 268 306
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 41 45 49 52 56
Car ownership rate post telecommuting (per 1000 inhabitants)2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 618 626 635 639 643 646 649 651 654 656 658
EU 27 463 463 499 514 527 540 551 562 574 585 596
Japan 395 395 394 392 391 389 387 385 383 381 379
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 397 413 430 445 461 476 490 504 518
FSU 100 108 133 168 210 255 304 331 361 392 426
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 343 386 432 454 477 501 526
China 13 17 26 37 50 65 84 108 137 174 220
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 45 55 67 80 94 112
India 10 14 17 21 25 30 39 50 64 80 100
Middle East 42 45 47 51 56 62 67 72 77 82 87
Latin America 78 87 101 117 135 155 178 204 233 265 302
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 41 45 48 52 56
LDV Car ownership rate (per 1000 population) pre telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 618 626 636 644 651 659 667 674 682 690 698
EU 27 463 463 501 520 537 553 569 585 601 618 635
Japan 395 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 399 418 437 456 476 495 514 533 552
FSU 100 108 133 168 212 258 310 340 373 408 447
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 345 391 440 466 493 522 551
China 13 17 26 37 50 66 86 111 142 181 231
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 56 68 82 98 117
India 10 14 17 21 26 30 40 51 66 83 105
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 63 68 74 79 85 91
Latin America 78 87 101 118 136 157 181 209 240 276 317
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Car ownership rate post telecommuting (per 1000 inhabitants)2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 618 626 635 643 650 657 664 670 677 683 689
EU 27 463 463 501 519 536 551 567 582 597 612 627
Japan 395 395 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 399 399
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 399 418 437 455 474 492 510 528 545
FSU 100 108 133 168 211 258 309 339 371 406 444
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 345 390 439 464 491 518 547
China 13 17 26 37 50 66 85 110 141 180 229
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 56 68 82 98 116
India 10 14 17 21 26 30 39 51 65 83 104
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 63 68 73 79 85 91
Latin America 78 87 101 117 136 157 181 208 239 274 314
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
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LDV Car ownership rate (per 1000 population) pre telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 618 626 636 641 645 649 653 657 662 666 670
EU 27 463 463 499 515 529 542 555 567 580 593 607
Japan 395 395 394 393 392 391 390 389 388 387 386
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 397 414 431 447 464 480 496 512 527
FSU 100 108 133 168 211 255 305 333 364 396 432
Other Europe 201 218 235 304 344 387 434 457 481 506 532
China 13 17 26 37 50 65 84 108 138 176 223
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 37 46 55 67 80 95 113
India 10 14 17 21 25 30 39 50 64 81 101
Middle East 42 45 47 51 57 62 67 72 77 83 88
Latin America 78 87 101 118 135 155 179 205 234 268 306
Africa 20 23 27 31 34 38 41 45 49 52 56
Car ownership rate post telecommuting (per 1000 inhabitants)2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 618 626 634 631 625 609 583 546 499 459 435
EU 27 463 463 498 509 515 513 500 477 442 412 394
Japan 395 395 393 388 381 369 350 325 294 268 251
SK AU NZ CA 360 380 397 410 420 424 419 404 379 356 343
FSU 100 108 133 167 207 245 282 292 296 302 313
Other Europe 201 218 235 302 337 372 401 401 392 385 386
China 13 17 26 37 48 61 74 87 102 120 143
Other Asia 21 25 29 33 36 43 48 54 59 65 73
India 10 14 17 21 25 28 34 40 47 55 65
Middle East 42 45 47 51 55 58 59 58 57 56 57
Latin America 78 87 101 116 131 145 156 165 173 183 196
Africa 20 23 27 30 33 35 36 36 36 36 36
LDV average travel per vehicle (vehicle km per year) - IEA/WBCSD numbers
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,600
EU 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500
Japan 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
SK AU NZ CA 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500
FSU 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000
Other Europe 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000
China 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
Other Asia 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
India 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Middle East 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000
Latin America 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Africa 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
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LDV average travel per vehicle (vehicle km per year) - Pretelecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 17,600 17,600 17,600 17,424 17,072 16,544 16,016 15,488 14,960 14,432 14,080
EU 27 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,375 12,125 11,750 11,375 11,000 10,625 10,250 10,000
Japan 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,900 9,700 9,400 9,100 8,800 8,500 8,200 8,000
SK AU NZ CA 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,375 12,125 11,750 11,375 11,000 10,625 10,250 10,000
FSU 13,000 13,000 13,000 12,870 12,610 12,220 11,830 11,440 11,050 10,660 10,400
Other Europe 11,000 11,000 11,000 10,890 10,670 10,340 10,010 9,680 9,350 9,020 8,800
China 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,900 9,700 9,400 9,100 8,800 8,500 8,200 8,000
Other Asia 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,900 9,700 9,400 9,100 8,800 8,500 8,200 8,000
India 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,920 7,760 7,520 7,280 7,040 6,800 6,560 6,400
Middle East 13,000 13,000 13,000 12,870 12,610 12,220 11,830 11,440 11,050 10,660 10,400
Latin America 12,000 12,000 12,000 11,880 11,640 11,280 10,920 10,560 10,200 9,840 9,600
Africa 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,900 9,700 9,400 9,100 8,800 8,500 8,200 8,000
Telecommuting take up - as % of number of commuters
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 11.0% 17.0% 19.6% 22.2% 24.8% 27.4% 30.0% 32.5% 35.0% 37.5% 40.0%
EU 5.5% 8.0% 11.4% 14.8% 18.2% 21.6% 25.0% 27.5% 30.0% 32.5% 35.0%
Japan 6.5% 12.0% 14.6% 17.2% 19.8% 22.4% 25.0% 28.8% 32.5% 36.3% 40.0%
SK AU NZ CA 6.5% 6.5% 10.2% 13.9% 17.6% 21.3% 25.0% 27.5% 30.0% 32.5% 35.0%
FSU 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Other Europe 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
China 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Other Asia 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
India 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Middle East 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Latin America 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Africa 2.7% 4.0% 6.2% 8.4% 10.6% 12.8% 15.0% 17.5% 20.0% 22.5% 25.0%
Telecommuting take up - as % of number of commuters
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 11% 17% 20% 23% 26% 29% 33% 36% 39% 42% 45%
EU 5% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 29% 33% 37% 41% 45%
Japan 7% 12% 16% 19% 23% 27% 30% 34% 38% 41% 45%
SK AU NZ CA 7% 7% 11% 15% 19% 24% 28% 32% 36% 41% 45%
FSU 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
Other Europe 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
China 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
Other Asia 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
India 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
Middle East 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
Latin America 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
Africa 3% 4% 7% 10% 13% 16% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%
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2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 11% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 41% 46% 50% 55% 60%
EU 5% 8% 14% 20% 25% 31% 37% 43% 48% 54% 60%
Japan 7% 12% 17% 23% 28% 33% 39% 44% 49% 55% 60%
SK AU NZ CA 7% 7% 12% 18% 24% 30% 36% 42% 48% 54% 60%
FSU 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Other Europe 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
China 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Other Asia 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
India 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Middle East 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Latin America 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Africa 3% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 40%
Telecommuting take up - as % of number of commuters
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 11% 17% 23% 29% 35% 41% 46% 52% 58% 64% 70%
EU 5% 8% 15% 22% 29% 36% 42% 49% 56% 63% 70%
Japan 7% 12% 18% 25% 31% 38% 44% 51% 57% 64% 70%
SK AU NZ CA 7% 7% 14% 21% 28% 35% 42% 49% 56% 63% 70%
FSU 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
Other Europe 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
China 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
Other Asia 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
India 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
Middle East 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
Latin America 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
Africa 3% 4% 10% 15% 21% 27% 32% 38% 44% 49% 55%
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Average telecommuting days per week
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.50 2.70 2.73 2.76 2.78 2.81 2.84 2.87 2.89 2.92 2.95
EU 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Japan 1.80 2.20 2.24 2.29 2.33 2.38 2.42 2.47 2.51 2.56 2.60
SK AU NZ CA 0.90 1.00 1.17 1.33 1.50 1.67 1.83 2.00 2.17 2.33 2.50
FSU 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Other Europe 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
China 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Other Asia 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
India 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Middle East 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Latin America 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Africa 0.90 1.00 1.14 1.29 1.43 1.58 1.72 1.87 2.01 2.16 2.30
Average telecommuting days per week 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 2.50 2.70 2.74 2.79 2.83 2.88 2.92 2.97 3.01 3.06 3.10
EU 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80
Japan 1.80 2.20 2.27 2.33 2.40 2.47 2.53 2.60 2.67 2.73 2.80
SK AU NZ CA 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.38 1.57 1.76 1.94 2.13 2.32 2.51 2.70
FSU 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
Other Europe 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
China 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
Other Asia 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
India 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
Middle East 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
Latin America 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
Africa 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.90 2.05 2.20 2.35
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Average telecommuting days per week 0% 2% 5% 8% 11% 14% 16% 18% 20%
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.50 2.70 2.74 2.84 2.98 3.11 3.24 3.38 3.49 3.61 3.72
EU 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.43 1.68 1.94 2.22 2.51 2.78 3.07 3.36
Japan 1.80 2.20 2.27 2.38 2.52 2.66 2.81 2.96 3.09 3.23 3.36
SK AU NZ CA 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.41 1.65 1.90 2.16 2.43 2.69 2.96 3.24
FSU 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Other Europe 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
China 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Other Asia 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
India 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Middle East 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Latin America 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Africa 0.90 1.00 1.15 1.33 1.52 1.73 1.94 2.17 2.38 2.60 2.82
Average telecommuting days per week
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.50 2.70 2.86 3.02 3.18 3.34 3.50 3.68 3.85 4.03 4.20
EU 0.90 1.00 1.39 1.78 2.17 2.56 2.95 3.26 3.58 3.89 4.20
Japan 1.80 2.20 2.42 2.64 2.86 3.08 3.30 3.53 3.75 3.98 4.20
SK AU NZ CA 1.00 1.00 1.38 1.77 2.15 2.54 2.92 3.07 3.21 3.36 3.50
FSU 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Other Europe 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
China 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Other Asia 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
India 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Middle East 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Latin America 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Africa 0.90 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.90 2.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50
Direct rebound effect - increased km travelled by telecommuters working from home as % of km saved by telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
EU 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Japan 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
SK AU NZ CA 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
FSU 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Other Europe 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
China 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Other Asia 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
India 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Middle East 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Latin America 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Africa 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
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2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
USA 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
EU 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Japan 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
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Other Europe 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
China 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Other Asia 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
India 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Middle East 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Latin America 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Africa 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Direct rebound effect - increased km travelled by telecommuters working from home as % of km saved by telecommuting
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
EU 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Japan 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
SK AU NZ CA 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
FSU 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Other Europe 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
China 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Other Asia 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
India 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Middle East 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Latin America 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Africa 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
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2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48
EU 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
Japan 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
SK AU NZ CA 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
FSU 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
Other Europe 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30
China 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55
Other Asia 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80
India 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55
Middle East 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80
Latin America 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50
Africa 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50
simple average 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59
Indirect rebound effect - kg CO2 emissions associated to each US $ saved by telecommuters (and spent in other goods and services
causing CO2 emissions)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.57 0.49 0.41 0.34 0.27 0.21 0.15 0.10
EU 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.06
Japan 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.06
SK AU NZ CA 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.14 0.11
FSU 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.14 0.11
Other Europe 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.14 0.11
China 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.73 0.62 0.53 0.43 0.35 0.28 0.21
Other Asia 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.77 0.70 0.62 0.53 0.45 0.38 0.30
India 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.73 0.62 0.53 0.43 0.35 0.28 0.21
Middle East 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.77 0.70 0.62 0.53 0.45 0.38 0.30
Latin America 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.47 0.41 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.19
Africa 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.47 0.41 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.19
simple average 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.50 0.46 0.41 0.36 0.32 0.27 0.22
Indirect rebound effect - kg CO2 emissions associated to each US $ saved by telecommuters (and spent in other goods and services
causing CO2 emissions)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
EU 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Japan 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
SK AU NZ CA 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
FSU 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Other Europe 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
China 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.60 0.40 0.20 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Other Asia 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.60 0.40 0.20 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
India 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.60 0.40 0.20 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Middle East 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.85 0.60 0.30 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Latin America 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.56 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Africa 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.56 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
simple average 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.30 0.20 0.10 - (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)
Indirect rebound effect - kg CO2 emissions associated to each US $ saved by telecommuters (and spent in other goods and services
causing CO2 emissions)
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Total passenger-km of travel (bil)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 885 1,040 1,219 1,376 1,545 1,724 1,949 2,149 2,357 2,576 2,803
EU 980 1,188 1,400 1,610 1,771 1,985 2,125 2,259 2,390 2,569 2,695
Japan 253 280 356 403 433 483 520 557 594 644 681
SK AU NZ CA 240 284 346 398 443 499 553 605 659 723 782
FSU 63 78 94 118 147 177 210 253 304 366 441
Other Europe 52 70 95 127 170 205 248 292 339 388 438
China 141 197 266 422 721 1,027 1,481 1,922 2,363 2,801 3,239
Other Asia 197 248 316 398 493 604 734 895 1,087 1,316 1,591
India 50 66 89 118 152 193 244 304 378 469 583
Middle East 102 121 144 172 209 251 295 340 390 444 502
Latin America 281 337 430 546 690 869 1,095 1,368 1,706 2,125 2,643
Africa 77 98 126 161 204 256 319 392 478 580 698
business travel as % of total passenger-km travel
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 18% 17% 17% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 15% 15% 15%
EU 32% 32% 30% 28% 27% 25% 23% 22% 20% 18% 17%
Japan 26% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% 20% 19% 18% 17% 16%
SK AU NZ CA 26% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% 20% 19% 18% 17% 16%
FSU 40% 40% 38% 37% 35% 33% 32% 30% 28% 27% 25%
Other Europe 40% 40% 38% 37% 35% 33% 32% 30% 28% 27% 25%
China 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
Other Asia 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
India 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
Middle East 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
Latin America 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
Africa 57% 50% 47% 45% 43% 41% 39% 37% 34% 32% 30%
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business travel avoided with virtual meetings % of total 0.5 0.7 1 1.2 1.25 1 1 0.95 1
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 4% 8% 9% 12% 16% 21% 27% 30% 33% 34% 35%
EU 3% 5% 6% 9% 13% 17% 22% 25% 28% 29% 30%
Japan 3% 6% 7% 10% 13% 18% 22% 25% 28% 29% 30%
SK AU NZ CA 3% 6% 7% 10% 13% 18% 22% 25% 28% 29% 30%
FSU 1% 1% 3% 6% 9% 13% 17% 20% 22% 24% 25%
Other Europe 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
China 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
Other Asia 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
India 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
Middle East 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
Latin America 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
Africa 1% 1% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17% 20% 23% 24% 25%
business travel avoided with virtual meetings % of total
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 4% 8% 9% 13% 18% 24% 30% 34% 37% 39% 40%
EU 3% 5% 7% 11% 16% 22% 29% 33% 37% 38% 40%
Japan 3% 6% 8% 12% 17% 23% 29% 33% 37% 39% 40%
SK AU NZ CA 3% 6% 7% 11% 15% 20% 26% 29% 32% 34% 35%
FSU 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
Other Europe 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
China 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
Other Asia 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
India 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
Middle East 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
Latin America 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
Africa 1% 1% 2% 4% 7% 12% 19% 23% 26% 28% 30%
business travel avoided with virtual meetings % of total
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 4% 8% 11% 20% 31% 44% 50% 55% 57% 60% 60%
EU 3% 5% 8% 17% 27% 39% 44% 49% 52% 54% 55%
Japan 3% 6% 10% 19% 30% 43% 49% 54% 57% 60% 60%
SK AU NZ CA 3% 6% 9% 18% 28% 40% 45% 49% 52% 55% 55%
FSU 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
Other Europe 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
China 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
Other Asia 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
India 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
Middle East 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
Latin America 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
Africa 1% 1% 3% 5% 9% 16% 24% 29% 34% 38% 40%
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business travel avoided with virtual meetings % of total
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 4% 8% 14% 25% 39% 53% 66% 78% 83% 88% 90%
EU 3% 5% 12% 23% 37% 52% 64% 77% 82% 87% 90%
Japan 3% 6% 12% 24% 38% 52% 65% 78% 83% 87% 90%
SK AU NZ CA 3% 6% 12% 24% 38% 52% 65% 78% 83% 87% 90%
FSU 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Other Europe 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
China 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Other Asia 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
India 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Middle East 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Latin America 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Africa 1% 1% 4% 8% 15% 26% 37% 46% 53% 60% 65%
Additional electricity used per hour of virtual meeting (kWh)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
EU 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Japan 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
SK AU NZ CA 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
FSU 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Other Europe 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
China 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Other Asia 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
India 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Middle East 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Latin America 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Africa 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.43
Additional electricity used per hour of virtual meeting (kWh) -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% -25.0% -30.0% -35.0% -40.0%
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
EU 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Japan 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
SK AU NZ CA 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
FSU 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Other Europe 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
China 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Other Asia 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
India 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Middle East 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Latin America 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
Africa 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.31 2.19 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.46
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Additional electricity used per hour of virtual meeting (kWh)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
EU 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Japan 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
SK AU NZ CA 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
FSU 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Other Europe 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
China 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Other Asia 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
India 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Middle East 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Latin America 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Africa 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.46 1.09 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.51 0.49
Additional electricity used per hour of virtual meeting (kWh)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050USA 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
EU 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Japan 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
SK AU NZ CA 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
FSU 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Other Europe 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
China 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Other Asia 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
India 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Middle East 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Latin America 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
Africa 2.43 2.43 2.43 1.94 1.22 0.73 0.49 0.34 0.24 0.17 0.12
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7 Appendix 2: Summary data for EU countries (
*0407%&M+,A(`(9<E(06+''+%,'(=%&(5%66"#+,A(C&0L#0407%&M+,A(
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! !
! !
!
CO2 emissions Pre-teleworking
Carbon world
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions Pre-teleworking
Policy world
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20
05
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions Pre-teleworking
Tech world
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MrC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions Pre-teleworking
Smart World
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20
05
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
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Commuting CO2 emissions including impact
of teleworking and rebound effects
Carbon World
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
Rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions from commuting net of
teleworking and rebound effects
Policy world
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20
05
20
10
20
15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
20
40
20
45
20
50
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
Rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions from commuting considering
impact of teleworking and rebound effects
Tech World
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
Rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions from commuting considering
teleworking and rebound effects
Smart world
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
Rest of EU 27
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CO2 emissions from business air travel
pre-virtual meetings
Carbon World
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions business travel
pre-virtual meetings
Policy World
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions for business air travel
pre-virtual meetings
Tech World
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
Business travel CO2 emissions
pre virtual meetings
Smart World
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MrC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
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CO2 emissions business air travel net of virtual
meetings and rebound effects
Carbon world
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions business air travel net of
virtual meetings and rebound effects
Policy world
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions business air travel net of
virtual meetings and rebound effects
Tech World
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
CO2 emissions business air travel net of
virtual meetings and rebound effects
Smart world
-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
MtC
O2
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
Rest of EU 15
rest of EU 27
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8 Appendix 3: Unemployed people interested in teleworking !
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9 Bibliographic references !!
959^!PWWZI!k,71!9I!t'L2Ch!_)2/15*!)16![)*51!"7*7)*6O()*/2150I!96N)1+56!"45+/*,12+;!)16!`1G,*@)/2,1!B5+71,4,F25;f!B75!`11,N)/2,1O_56!#42@)/5!#7)1F5!',4./2,1I!9N)24)D45!)/!7//Cfgg===I)5)15/I,*Fg)5)+,.1+24;g959".*,C5u"15*FEu"GG2+251+Eu:5C,*/uKZ'5CWZIC6GI!!
945S!"N)1;!)16!>)N26!'/5N51^!PWWZI!#42@)/5!+7)1F5f!/75!;/)/5!,G!/75!65D)/5^!#51/*5!,1!`1/5*1)/2,1)4!#,,C5*)/2,1^!B75!_,16,1!9++,*6!#$PI!9N)24)D45!)/!7//Cfgg===I4,16,1O)++,*6I+,I.LgG21)4u*5C,*/g*5C,*/;gC6GgDKIC6GI!!
9BjB^!PWWPI!:,D5*/!9/LE1;!5/!)4I!(5);.*5@51/!,G!51N2*,1@51/)4!2@C)+/!,G!/545=,*L!)6,C/2,1!)@26;/!+7)1F5!21!+,@C45S!,*F)120)/2,1;f!9BjB!;.*N5E!@5/7,6,4,FE!)16!*5;.4/;!21!*5;,.*+5;^!+,1;5*N)/2,1^!)16!*5+E+421FI!R\!3PWWP8!P\ZMPTQI!
9*1G)4L^!?I!PWWPI!-(&./0#,E%7(#(.>,0)5,F%##/.(%),F&"6").(%)G,!<","1"&*()*,&%#",%4,HI!8702"5,3%11/)(30.(%),(),%&*0)(20.(%)2,0)5,(.2,(1;03.,%),.&06"#9,```""f!_.16^!_.16!b12N5*;2/EI!
9*1G)4L^!?I^!KVVVI!H)4%&10.(%),."3<)%#%*>,(),;%##/.(%),;&"6").(%)G,!"#"3%)4"&")3()*,0)5,."#"$%&',/2"5,02,.%%#2,(),.<",&"5/3.(%),%4,$%&'8&"#0."5,.&06"#I!```""f!_.16^!_.16!b12N5*;2/EI!
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