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From theory to practice Developing the first industrial heritage university programme in Hungary
Dr. NÉMETH GyörgyiAssociate professor, University of Miskolc, Hungary
Head, Global and Local Section, TICCIH
Industrial heritage in the context of new Industrial heritage in the context of new creative spaces for cultural and creative spaces for cultural and economic developmenteconomic development
14 –16 May 2015, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
TheoryTheory
Fundamental documentsFundamental documents
The Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage, 2003
The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH)
http://ticcih.org/about/charter/
The Dublin Principles, 2011
Joint ICOMOS – TICCIH Principles for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Sites, Structures, Areas and Landscapes
http://ticcih.org/about/about-ticcih/dublin-principles/
TheoryTheory
Historical significanceHistorical significance
„The Industrial Revolution was the beginning of a historical phenomenon that has affected an ever-greater part of the human population, as well as all the other forms of life on our planet, and that continues to the present day.
The material evidence of these profound changes is of universal human value, and the importance of the study and conservation of this evidence must be recognised.”
The Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage, TICCIH, July 2003, Preamble
„The global process of industrialisation observed over the past two centuries constitutes a major stage of human history, making its heritage particularly important and critical to the Modern World.”
The Dublin Principles: Joint ICOMOS – TICCIH Principles for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Sites, Structures, Areas and Landscapes, 2011, Preamble
TheoryTheory
DefinitionDefinition
The industrial heritage consists of sites, structures, complexes, areas and landscapes as well as the related machinery, objects or documents that provide evidence of past or ongoing industrial processes of production, the extraction of raw materials, their transformation into goods, and the related energy and transport infrastructures.
Industrial heritage reflects the profound connection between the cultural and natural environment, as industrial processes – whether ancient or modern – depend on natural sources of raw materials, energy and transportation networks to produce and distribute products to broader markets.
It includes both material assets – immovable and movable –, and intangible dimensions such as technical know‐how, the organisation of work and workers, and the complex social and cultural legacy that shaped the life of communities and brought major organizational changes to entire societies and the world in general.
TheoryTheory
Research and documentationResearch and documentation Researching and documenting industrial structures, sites, landscapes and the
related machinery, equipment, records or intangible aspects is essential to their identification, conservation, and the appreciation of their heritage significance and value.
It requires an interdisciplinary approach supported by interdisciplinary research and educational programmes to identify the significance of industrial heritage sites or structures.
It should benefit from a diversity of sources of expertise and information including site surveys and recording, historical and archaeological investigation, material and landscape analysis, oral history and/or research in public, corporate or private archives.
Research and preservation of documentary records, company archives, building plans, and specimens of industrial products should be encouraged. The evaluation and assessment of documents should be undertaken by an appropriate specialist in the industry to which they relate to determine their heritage significance. The participation of communities and other stakeholders is also an integral part of this exercise.
TheoryTheory
Inventory and protection Inventory and protection
Appropriate policies, legal and administrative measures need to be adopted and adequately implemented to protect and ensure the conservation of industrial heritage sites and structures, including their machinery and records.
Integrated inventories and lists of structures, sites, areas, landscapes their setting and associated objects, documents, drawings and archives or intangible heritage should be developed and used as part of these effective management and conservation policies and protection measures.
These should benefit from a legal recognition, adequate conservation and management to ensure that their significance, integrity and authenticity are maintained. In the case of industrial heritage identified through fortuitous discovery, temporary protection should be granted to allow time necessary for proper heritage documentation and research.
TheoryTheory
Conservation and reuse Conservation and reuse
Appropriate original or alternative and adaptive use is the most frequent way and often the most sustainable way of ensuring the conservation of industrial heritage sites or structures.
New uses should respect significant material, components and patterns of circulation and activity. Specialist skills are necessary to ensure that the heritage significance is taken into account and respected in managing the sustainable use of these industrial heritage sites and structures.
Building codes, risk mitigation requirements, environmental or industrial regulations, and other standards should be implemented in an adapted way to take heritage dimensions into account when they are enforced through physical interventions.
TheoryTheory
Development potentialsDevelopment potentials
The industrial heritage is highly vulnerable and often at risk, often lost for
lack of awareness, documentation, recognition or protection
also because of changing economic trends, negative perceptions, environmental issues or its sheer size and complexity.
Yet, by extending the life‐cycle of existing structures and their embodied energy, conservation of the built industrial heritage, can contribute to achieving the goals of sustainable development at the local, national and international levels. It touches the social as well as the physical and environmental aspects of development and should be acknowledged as such.
TheoryTheory
Public awareness and identity Public awareness and identity
Public and corporate awareness and understanding for the industrial heritage are important means for its successful conservation.
Public authorities should actively explain the meaning and value of industrial sites through publications, exhibitions, television, the Internet and other media, by providing sustainable access to important sites and by promoting tourism in industrial areas.
Industrial heritage is of social value as part of the record of the lives of ordinary men and women, and as such it provides an important sense of identity.
TheoryTheory
Education and trainingEducation and training
Specialist professional training in the methodological, theoretical and historical aspects of industrial heritage should be taught at technical and university levels.
Specific educational material about the industrial past and its heritage should be produced by and for students at primary and secondary level.
University Study Programme University Study Programme
ChallengesChallenges
Borsod industrial areaonce the largest heavy industrial region of Hungary
Economic crisis De-industrialisation Unemployment
The Borsod industrial region in Hungary
Communities and population in the region (1992)
89 communities, 448 264 inhabitants
Miskolc: 191 005 (coal-mining, metallurgy)
Ózd : 42 228 (coal-mining, metallurgy)
Kazinbarcika : 36 248 (chemical industry)
Tiszaújváros : 18 146 (chemical industry)
Former Iron and Steel Works, MiskolcFormer Iron and Steel Works, Miskolc
Former Iron and Steel Works, ÓzdFormer Iron and Steel Works, Ózd
Workers' settlement,ÓzdWorkers' settlement,Ózd
University Study Programme University Study Programme
ResourcesResources
University of Miskolc
- formerly Technical University for Heavy Industries
- museum library of mining and metallurgy
- faculties of arts and social sciences
engineering and information sciences
technological earth sciences (mining) material sciences (metallurgy) economics law
University Study Programme University Study Programme
GoalsGoals
Providing theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of industrial heritage
Identification Research Conservation Reuse
University Study Programme University Study Programme
Best practicesBest practices
University of Birmingham, Ironbridge Institute, UK
Michigan Technological University, USA
Freiberg Mining Academy, Germany
CH2ST, Pantheon Sorbonne, Paris 1, France
University of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Nordic programme
University Study Programme University Study Programme
Theoretical subjectsTheoretical subjects
• - Industrial history
• - History of technology
• - Labour history
• - Industrial architecture
• - Industrial pollution
• - Regional development
University Study Programme University Study Programme
PracticePractice
Archaeological fieldwork
Archival practice
Museum practice
Visual documentation
University Study Programme University Study Programme
ResultsResults
Growing understanding of industrialisation
Growing awareness of the values of the industrial heritage
Experts like researchers of industry and practitioners of industrial heritage preservation educated to work at
academic and heritage institutions, museums, tourist industry, media, developmental agencies, local and central governments, NGOs
All contributing to the economic and cultural revitalisation of the region.
University Study ProgrammeUniversity Study ProgrammeFieldworkFieldwork
