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FROM THE INSIDE OUT
“It was tempting, but I didn’t cheat!”
“Me neither!”
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
AUTONOMY AND
INTEGRITY
CONTROL AND
COMPLIANCEHonestAction
Rules
Threats
Rewards
Shame
Supervision
HonestActionmoral
identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
INTEGRITY COMPLIANCE
some reasons not to cheat
“that’s just not me”“that would be unfair”
“i’d feel horrible about myself”
“my parents would kill me”“the teacher was watching”
“i don’t want to risk a suspension”
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
Behavior depends oninternal commitment
Behavior depends on external circumstances
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
INTEGRITY COMPLIANCE
some reasons not to cheat
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
Behavior depends oninternal commitment
Behavior depends on external circumstances
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
INTEGRITY COMPLIANCEAND
AND
Educating for Ethics and Character From the Inside Out means…
1. Cultivating Moral Identity 2. Internalizing Motivation3. Engaging Reason
AUTONOMY AND INTEGRITY
moral identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
childhood ---------- adolescence --------- the Moral Self
Self
Morality
Damon, W. (1984) Self-understanding and moral development from childhood to adolescence. In W.M. Kurtines & J. L. Gerwitz (Eds.) Morality, moral behavior, and moral development, pp. 109-127. New York: Wiley
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
EXPLORATION
HIGH LOW
COMMITMENT
HIGH
LOW
Foreclosed
Diffused Moratorium
Achieved
Marcia, J. (1980) Identity in Adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.) Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, pp. 159-187. New York: Wiley
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
EXPLORATION
HIGH LOW
COMMITMENT
HIGH
LOW
Foreclosed
Diffused Moratorium
Achieved
To promote exploration…
• Invite Discomfort• Unmask Assumptions• Cultivate Empathy• Encourage Perspective Taking• Recognize Personality• Uncover Implicit Bias• Correct for Psychological Bias• Tell Stories, Make Connections
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
EXPLORATION
HIGH LOW
COMMITMENT
HIGH
LOW
Foreclosed
Diffused Moratorium
Achieved
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
To encourage commitment…
Fill the basket
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
“the content of our character”
• Character as an “empty concept.”
• We choose the content of our character.
• We will be judged by the content of that character.
• The content of our character are the values we hold close.
• Values become virtues when they integrated into moral identity.
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
“Educating for moral identity then is the process of developing, in a person, a set of
goals, values, beliefs, commitments, and standards that are in the service of human welfare and justice that are central to who
that person is.” (Bock and Samuelson, 2014)
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
“What are the words you want associated with your name?”
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
Moral Values
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
Performance Values
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Integrity is...
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
... a measure of how the moral values that are chosen...
...to motivate moral action consistent with those values.
...are integrated into aperson’s moral identity...
Foreclosed
Diffused Moratorium
Achieved
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
What the Content of Our Character Says We Should Do
What We Actually Do
1. Cultivating Moral Identity
Integrity as “closing the gap”
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Educating for Ethics and Character From the Inside Out means…
1. Cultivating Moral Identity2. Internalizing Motivation 3. Engaging Reason
AUTONOMY AND INTEGRITY
moral identity
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Amotivation IntegratedRegulation
IdentifiedRegulation
IntrojectedRegulation
ExternalRegulation
IntrinsicMotivation
Internalized Motivation
BRIBE SHAME UTILITYSELF
2. Internalizing Motivation
2. Internalizing Motivation
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
reward the behavior you wantpunish the behavior you don’t
CONTROL AND
COMPLIANCE
2. Internalizing Motivation
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
meet students’ basic psychological needs
2. Internalizing Motivation
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
2. Internalizing Motivation
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
2. Internalizing Motivation
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
What are “basic psychological needs?”
• They are universal. They are not culturally dependent. (I need my own bedroom.)
• They are not the same as personal motives and desires. (I need a glass of wine.)
• Healthy human activity gravitates toward situations that fulfill these needs.
Autonomy Competence Relatedness
Character
A“perceivedlocus of causality”
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Autonomy
being the perceived originor source of one’s own behavior
Character
being the perceived originor source of one’s own behavior
to unlock the motivating power of autonomy, acting individuals must experience their behavior as an expression of the Self arising from their interests and integrated values. Handbook, pg 8AFROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Autonomy
The false choice fools no one.
Character
AAutonomythe research
• Higher Academic Achievement• Higher Perceived Competence• More Positive Emotionality• Higher Self-Worth• Preference for Optimal Challenge• Pleasure from Optimal Challenge• Stronger Perceptions of Control• Greater Creativity• Higher Rates of Retention
Reeve, Handbook, pg.184
• Motivation to Help• Well-Being• Relatedness• Prosocial Engagement
Weinstein and Ryan, 2010Gagne, 2003
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
promotes autonomy• giving freedom, but gently• providing meaning and context• minimizing control and offering choice• nurturing supportive relationships
discourages autonomy
• offering tangible, contingent rewards• relying on high-stakes evaluations• implementing hard deadlines • providing “cook-book” classroom instructionA
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Autonomy
CCharacter
Competencea felt sense of confidenceand effectiveness in one’s actions.
As a key to unlocking motivation, competence is not an objective capability. It is the subjective experience of confidence in one’s own capacity to master challenges.
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
Moo Moo Meadows Rainbow Road
Competence
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
CCharacter
Competence“the optimal challenge”
Our basic need for the experience of competence is best met when we encounter challenges that are at the horizon line of our skills and abilities.
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
CCharacter
Competencepromotes competence
• teach and nurture a growth mindset• focus on growth and past success• provide scaffolding• provide optimal challenges• praise effort and strategy• provide positive performance feedback• provide modeling, especially by peers
discourages competence• give negative feedback• praise talent and ability• make disparaging comments
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
RCharacter
Relatednessfeeling connected to others, to caring for and being cared for by those others and having a sense of belonging
Relatedness is not about one’s formal status in a group. It cannot be objectively assessed. It is the subjective experience of belonging and connectedness, which can have little to do with one’s formal group membership status.
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Character
Relatedness
Partnership Relatedness• Familiarity• Friendly• Polite• Respectful• Transactional
• Understanding• Empathic• Warm• Trusting• Invested
or
• Intentional Sensitivity• Attunement• Bridging (my word)• Structure• Supportiveness• Developmental Disciplinepg. 45
RFROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
RCharacter
Relatedness
“People tend to internalize, and to accept as their own, the values and practices of those to whom they feel, or want to feel, connected.”
BHC, pg 41
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
AUTONOMY AND INTEGRITY
moral identity
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Educating for Ethics and Character From the Inside Out means…
1. Cultivating Moral Identity2. Internalizing Motivation3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
childhood ---------- adolescence --------- the Moral Self
Self
Morality
“Be nice.”“Tell the truth.”“Share your toys.”
Conflicting values.Competing loyalties.Intense emotions.Need for independence.
3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Your friend Beckie has started smoking.
3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
I want to be a loyal friend. I want to be honest.
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
Moral Values
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
• What do I do when my values are in conflict?• What’s the difference between temptations and dilemmas?• Aren’t all ethical choices just opinions and no one is actually right?• Will dilemmas get easier to deal with when I get older?• Do I have to stay honest if everyone around me is cheating?• What should I do if I’m not strong enough to do the right thing?• What’s the relationship between ethics and my faith?• When is it right to break rules I think are immoral?• What if the “right” thing to do isn’t the “smart” thing to do?
3. Engaging Reason
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
1. Moral Identity
2. Psychology Fundamentals
3. Ethical Decisions Making
4. Living In Community
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
FROM THE INSIDE OUT
ISACS 2016Educating for Ethics from the Inside Out
Tim Leet
Cultivating Moral Identity Internalizing Motivation Engaging Reason
Promote Identity Exploration Support Autonomy Share New Tools
Encourage Identity Commitment Teach For Competence Challenge Everyone
Define the Content Nurture Relatedness Accept Ambiguity
Pursue Integrity Have Patience and Courage
S U M M A R Y
Educating for Ethics and Character From the Inside Out means…
