From Talent to Elite athlete - European-horizontal-jumps-and …files.swedish-athletic-international.se/200000045... · 2017-11-13 · From Talent to Elite athlete Falun, November

From Talent to Elite athlete Falun, November 2017

Dr. Wolfgang Ritzdorf German Sport University Cologne

Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017

The official LTAD


Mission statement

•  Early specialization inhibits long term athletic development

•  We always assume that success in early ages is due to early specialization


•  This is how it is –  Empirical Study –  The 2016 / 17 situation –  German history

•  This is what it needs –  Coaching –  Technique –  Physical


This is how it is


This is how it is

Empirical Study

•  Serious and conflictive discussion about implementation of World Youth Championships

•  Gather empirical data as a base for further debate


Questions

•  What's about further progression of performance of WYC finalists?

•  Are there any regional differences? •  Are there any event group specific differences?


Database

•  266 finalists of 1st WYC 1999

•  Period of observation: 1999-2004

•  Criteria of observation:

–  Success in WC / OG

–  Personal best

–  Timeline


Ranking in the World Top List N = 266

58,3% 59,8%63,5% 63,9%

67,7%62,8%

88,7%

63,5%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

70,0%

80,0%

90,0%

100,0%

99 00 01 02 03 04 ab 00 MW (00bis 04)

Year


Number of Rankings in the Annual World Top List (from 2000 onward)


Years taken for first appearance in World Top List

1,6

2,5

2,9

3,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

Years till AWL Years till Top 100 Years till Top 50 Years till Top 10


Average Ranking in World Top List

264,2

217,3

167,8 157,9145,3

130,9

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004


Improvement of PB as compared to 1999

2,3%

3,4%

4,5%

5,1%

5,9% 6,0%

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

00 vs 99 01 vs 99 02 vs 99 03 vs 99 04 vs 99 00 onwardvs 99


Average gap as compared to AWL categories

0,00%

2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Gap to Place 100 in AWL Gap to Place 50 Gap to Place 10


International Championships

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

WJC WC OG

Participation Final Medal


Further Results (Jumps)

•  Significantly greater percentage in AWL •  Best average ranking in AWL •  Smallest gap to Top 10

•  They started at a high level but performance increases were moderate

Reference Grund, M./Ritzdorf, W. (2006): From talent to elite athlete. In: NSA 21(2006)2, 43-56


Summary: Youth

•  90% showed further progression of performance

•  21 % participated in WC and/or OG

•  49% took part in WJC


Summary Junior

Similar study for participants of the World Junior Champs

•  64% showed further progression of performance

•  26 % made the final in WC and/or OG

•  Personal best after 3-5 years

The 2016 situation

U18 U20 Senior 1 10 1 10 1 10

Boys

HJ 2,24 2,12 2,27 1,34 2,22 4,72 2,40 7,14 2,32 9,43 LJ 8,28 7,52 8,30 0,24 7,86 4,52 8,58 3,62 8,30 10,37 TJ 16,33 15,70 17,06 4,47 16,33 4,01 17,86 9,37 17,15 9,24 PV 5,55 5,10 5,70 2,70 5,40 5,88 6,03 8,65 5,75 12,75

Girls

HJ 1,92 1,81 1,97 2,60 1,86 2,76 2,01 4,69 1,96 8,29 LJ 6,50 6,22 6,53 0,46 6,41 3,05 7,31 12,46 6,88 10,61 TJ 14,08 12,91 14,08 0,00 13,40 3,80 15,17 7,74 14,51 12,39 PV 4,50 4,13 4,57 1,56 4,30 4,12 5,00 11,11 4,73 14,53


London 2017 Top 8


World Youth World Juniors HIGH Jump MEN 4 Women 3 6

Long Jump MEN 1 4 Women 2 4

Triple Jump MEN 2 4 Women 1 6

Pole Vault MEN 0 3 Women 3 4

Resume

•  Based on empirical data there is no evidence that success in early ages will inhibit success in later years


•  This is how it is –  Empirical Study –  The 2016 / 17 situation –  German history

•  This is what it needs –  Coaching –  Technique –  Physical


German history

1990‘s •  We stopped national champs for U15 and U17 in

individual events

Rationale –  We lost too many of the young national champions

in senior age •  Early specialization •  Missing progression •  Lack of motivation •  (Overuse) Injuries


German history

Late 1990‘s •  We re-introduced national champs for U18 in individual events Rationale

–  As a consequence of missing national champs consequent and consistent training started too late

–  Poor performances in U20 2014 –  Re-introduction of U16 champs but it needs a “B-

standard° in a 2nd event from other event group



Scientific Study U16

•  Both athletes and coaches appreciate the re-introduction of U16 championships –  Higher Motivation –  Team spirit –  Financial support –  Many athletes from small clubs

•  There is no indication for early specialization •  Besides performance and success “social interaction” is

a pre-dominant motive

Güllich 2016


•  This is how it is –  Empirical Study –  The 2016 situation –  German history

•  This is what it needs –  The early years –  Physical –  Technique –  Coaching



The early years

Kid's athletics

•  More than 20 years experience with "fun"-athletics in Germany

•  Without any doubt kid’s athletics is an outstanding project with huge increase of attractiveness

•  But: If it takes too long we are in danger to loose our talents

•  Reason: Misunderstanding of the term "fun"


Statement 1: Fun

•  "Fun" does not mean: –  Missing performance –  Lack of competitions –  Lack of typical athletic events

"I don't want to run banana boxes all the time. I want to run real hurdles“ (12-year old girl)


Statement 2: Variety

•  „Variety“ does not mean: –  Missing goal-orientation

•  We need –  Target-orientation –  Continuation –  Variety



•  "Variety" must not exclude those with a specific talent

•  Success is regarded as a short-term effect

•  Positive belief structure needs success in training and competition



•  "Variety" does not mean that everything has the same meaning

•  Speed and co-ordination should be dominant

–  Neuronal patterns –  Shirt time programs –  Wide range of skills


Statement 5: Skill acquisition

•  General qualities are more relevant than specific skills

–  To take off from run-up –  To rotate in the air –  To throw straight –  ........


Statement 6: Competition

•  The postulation of a wide range of experience only makes sense in case we have an adequate competition system

–  Combined events –  Event group specific multi events


Competition system I: Combined events

Boys 100 m Long Jump Shot Put (4kg) High Jump 80m Hurdles Discus throw Pole vault Javelin throw (600) 1000 m

Girls 100 m hurdles High Jump Shot Put (3kg) 100 m Long Jump Javelin throw (500 g) 800 m


Problem

•  Not all of them are combined event centered •  Talents for event groups

•  „Weak“ events


Competition system II: Event goup specific multi events

•  Sprint/Jump: –  100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, HJ, JT

•  Run –  100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, Ball throw 200g, 2000m

•  Throw –  100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, SP, DT





Physical

The „skill window“ idea - BOYS


Physical

The „skill window“ idea - GIRLS


Physical capacities in the jumps

•  #1 Reactive strength

•  #2 Speed, coordination

•  #3 Strength and power


Hierarchy in horizontal jumping drills

•  Boundings uphill •  Fast boundings •  Rhythmical hop – step variations •  Boundings for distance •  Hops for distance


Hierarchy in vertical jumping drills

•  Jumps onto something (box) •  Vertical bounces •  Double leg hurdles jumps •  Hurdle jumps with take off leg landing •  Hurdle jumps with lead leg landing •  Depth jumps



Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008



Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008


Killing et al. 2008




Technique

•  With respect to technique we are facing two problems

–  No age related technical models •  Which elements can be shown with respect

to age, strength and speed level etc. •  Which kind of “reduced” technique is suitable

for further improvement


Technique

•  With respect to technique we are facing two problems

–  Change of coach every two years •  If there is no consistent idea of the

movement in the club or institution it will start from zero every two years

•  We must learn from other sports



•  This is what it needs –  The early ages –  Physical –  Technique –  Coaching


Coaching

•  Whatever our ideas for training and competition are: it will end up with the coaches

•  We need specialised coaches –  Specific education and certification –  Special publications –  Special forums for information exchange


Coaches

•  We need special reward systems for kids‘ coaches

–  Public acknowledgement –  Awards –  Payment


•  There is no clear evidence that early national/international championships lead to early specialization

•  Kid’s training is more than just fun •  There is a clear hierarchy in the biomotor abilities in the

jumps •  All ends up of with the coaches: it needs much better

specialized coach education and reward systems


Take away messages

Documents

From Talent to Elite athlete - European-horizontal-jumps-and …files.swedish-athletic-international.se/200000045... · 2017-11-13 · From Talent to Elite athlete Falun, November