From regional to international databases: EUFF, the ...so-ii.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/14_Olga-Petrucci_web.pdf · I., Czech Rep., Israel, Portugal, Turkey ... Traveling Working

From regional to international databases:

EUFF, the European Flood Fatalities Database

Olga PetrucciCNR-IRPI Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)

SUMMARY

Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy

Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)

Impact of DHE on people

The Calabrian database The Italian databaseMediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’

Our databases

Future research

SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS CAUSING DAMAGE

DAMAGING HYDROGEOLOGICAL EVENTS DHE

LIGHTNING WINDSTORM SURGE

THE STUDY REGION: CALABRIAArea: 15,230 km2

Altitude: mean 418, max 2266 mPopulation density: 133 inh/km2

Mean annual rainfall: 1151 mmMunicipalities: 402

• 90% of the territory is in relief (landslides)

• The river network is made of torrents (flash floods)

• Rainstorm affect Calabria frequently, causing damaging hydrogeological events

1.limestone and dolostone2.metamorphic and igneous rocks3.clays, marls and evaporitic rocks4.sandstones, marly clays and limstone marls5.flysch and clayey formations6.conglomerates, sands and sandstones7.alluvial deposits

RESEARCH ON DHE: THE EXAMPLE OF CALABRIA (ITALY)

2005 Data management 2009 Historical Archive2000 Data gathering

DATABASE CREATION

RESEARCH ON DHE: CALABRIA DATABASESStudy area: Calabria (CAL)Language: ItalianAvailable: on request

1.ASICal 1900-2000 100 Landslides, floods, wind, sea storms, lightning

People, roads, railways, buildings,

lifelines, agriculture, industries, productive

activities

2.NewASICal 1800-2018 218

3.Slide-CAL 1921-2010 89 Landslides

4.Seastorm-CAL 1900-2018 118 Sea storms

5.Bridge-CAL 1900-2016 116 Floods, landslides Bridges

DATABASE PERIOD #Y DAMAGING PHENOMENA DAMAGED ELEMENTS

DAMAGE TO PEOPLE: OUR DATABASES

MEFF: the database of MEditerranean Flood Fatalities – J. Flood Risk Manag.

Gender, age and circumstances of flood and landslide fatalities in Italy - STOTEN

Flood Fatalities in Europe, 1980–2018: Variability, Features, and Lessons… Water

The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in Calabria (Italy) – Int. Jour. of envir. Res. & public health

2018 NATIONAL Italy

302 072,84 km²

2017 REGIONAL Calabria

15,080 km2

2019 MEDITERRANEANS. France, Greece, Calabria,

Catalonia, Balearic I. 237,461 km²

2019 EUROPEANS. France, Greece, Italy, Catalonia, Balearic

I., Czech Rep., Israel, Portugal, Turkey1,500,280 km²




The Calabrian database

Our databases

Future research

European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’

The Italian database

Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’

SUMMARY

STRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’

STUDY PERIOD: 1980-2016NUMBER OF YEARS: 36 Y SOURCES: newspapersNUMBER OF RECORD: 7,288AVAILABLE: mendeley.com

2. EVENT IDENTIFICATION

YearMonthDayHourMunicipalityLatitudeLongitude

3. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION

NameSurnameAgeGender

1. EVENT DESCRIPTION

Narrative of the event

The first database wasrealized at REGIONAL scale, onCalabria, and named PEOPLE

4.PHENOMENA

RIVER/WATER

MASS MOVEMENTS

OTHERS

STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’

FloodFlash floodUrban floodLandslideDebris flowRock fallLightningWindStorm surgeHail


INVOLVEDPeople facing the accident, not killed/hurt•People having hazardous behaviours•People having the ability to save themselves

INJURED People hurt

FATALITIES People killed

5. DAMAGE


INDO

OR Building

BungalowHotel

OU

TDO

OR

RoadBridgeRiver bed/sideCampsiteTunnelRecreation areaCountrysideFord

7. CONDITION6. PLACE

Laying

Standing

By car

By Van

By Tractor

By Truck

By Bus

By Bicycle

By Boat


8. ACTIVITY

9. DYNAMIC

Sleeping

Traveling

Working

Fishing

Recreational activities

Surrounded by water

Blocked in flooded room

Fallen into a river

In a road/bridge collapse

In a building collapse

Dragged by water/mud

Hit by object hurled by wind

Hit by lightening

Swept away by sea waves

THE DATABASE PEOPLE: RESULTS

TOT.

Fatalities 68 Injured 566 Involved 6654

TOT people affected 1980-2016 (36 Y): 7288

In Calabria, • FLOODS killed and INVOLVED more people than landslides• LANDSLIDES cause more injuries than floods• FATALITIES and INJURED mainly occurred along roads• People INVOLVED are frequently inside buildings

AVERAGE AGE (y)

46.5 42.2 64.1

36,7 38 34.4

36.8 34.6 45,4


Averageper year

Fatalities 2

Injured 15

Involved 180

• MALES are more vulnerable than females• Fatalities (male+female) are older than survivors: younger people are more

able to save themselves

• On the average, 2 people/year is killed during DHE

% %

• Females were older than males, both as fatalities and involved people


FLOOD

1. Fording rivers 2 - 232. Staying on river banks 2 - -3. Trying to save vehicles - - 34. Enter in a flooded underpass - - 121

LANDSLIDE 5. Refuse evacuation - - 10

STORMSURGE8.Check damage during the event 1 - 19. Trying to save belongings 1 - 5

WINDSTORM 6. Refuse warnings - 1 2

FAT INJ INV

TOTAL 9 3 169

LIGHTNING 7. Under a tree during lightning 3 2 4

HAZARDOUS BEHAVIOURSMOST DANGEROUS

MOST FREQUENT but in the study period did not cause damage





Our databases

Future research




SUMMARY

STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’

PERIOD: 1965-2015N. OF FATALITIES: 7,288 FORMAT: ExcelAVAILABLE: http://osf.io/Kamgc



1. EVENT DESCRIPTIONThe second database was realized atNATIONAL scale, on Italy.

4. PHENOMENA

6. PLACE

7. CONDITION

8. ACTIVITY

9. DYNAMIC

LANDSLIDES & FLOODS

5. DAMAGE FATALITIES

While in PEOPLE we analysed all the damaging phenomena,here we focused on landslides and floods.

While in PEOPLE we analysed fatalities, injured and involvedpeople, here we only analysed Fatalities.

The structure is similar to PEOPLE

In Italy, LANDSLIDES killed more people than floods

350221200

592473227

THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’: RESULTS

771 1292

Males are more vulnerable than females, in case of either flood or landslide

Flood Landslide

? ?

FLOODS KILLED OUTDOOR LANDSLIDES KILLED INDOOR

THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’: RESULTS

≈ >> >

>> >





Our databases

Future research




SUMMARY

STRUCTURE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DATABASE ‘MEFF’

AREA: South France, Catalonia, Balearic I., Calabria, Greece

PERIOD: 1980-2015 (36Y) N. OF FATALITIES: 458

The third database was realized at MEDITERRANEAN scale, in the framework of FLOODHYMEX project

This database only concerns FLOOD FATALITIES.




4. PHENOMENA

6. PLACE

7. CONDITION

8. ACTIVITY

9. DYNAMIC

FLOODS


MEFF DATABASE: RESULTS

458 FLOOD FATALITIES in 36 years

FAT % (FAT/INH) X 10000

(FAT/AREA)X 100

S. FRANCE 233 50.9 0.22 0.43CATALONIA 96 21 0.13 0.30BALEARIC I. 7 1.5 0.63 0.16CALABRIA 26 5.7 0.13 0.17GREECE 96 21 0.87 0.07

Highest ratio FATALITIES/INHABITANTS: Greece

Highest number of FATALITIES and FATALITIES/AREA: South France

MEFF DATABASE: TREND

Max per year

Yearly average Trend

S. FRANCE 56 6.85

GREECE 15 2.82

Average N. of fatalities/year: 13

The total trend is increasing, with differences in thestudy areas

BALEARIC I. 3 0.21

CALABRIA 13 0.76

CATALONIA 16 2.82

MEFF DATABASE: SEASONALITY

•FATALITIES occurred in each month • In Catalonia and Balearic I., during the study period, no fatalities in December

According to Mediterranean climate, 71% of fatalities occurred between

SEPTEMBER and NOVEMBER

29%

23%

20%

MEFF DATABASE: AGE & GENDER

Min: 2 y Av: 48 yMax: 88 y

AGE


As literature highlights in developed countries, MALES fatalities are more numerous than FEMALES fatalities

In MEFF, MALES fatalities are younger than FEMALES fatalities

AGE

≈ >> >

MEFF DATABASE: RESULTS

PLACE CONDITION

According to international literature, the majority of fatalities were on the road by car

MEFF DATABASE: RESULTSACTIVITY DYNAMIC

The majority of fatalities were traveling and were dragged by water/mud





Our databases

Future research




SUMMARY

STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN DATABASE ‘EUFF’

AREAS: Italy, Greece, South France, Catalonia, Balearic I.Czech Republic, Israel, Turkey, PortugalPERIOD: 1980-2018

EUFF database was realized starting from MEFF and including further study areas




4. PHENOMENA

6. PLACE

7. CONDITION

8. ACTIVITY

9. DYNAMIC

FLOODS


N. OF FATALITIES: 2466 (65/year)AVAILABILITY: data.4tu.nl/repository/

EUFF: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREAS

Turkey is the largest and most populated study area, followed by Italy.

Average age of population, and ratio males/females are similar in all the areas.The highest population density concerns to Israel.

EUFF DATABASE: SEASONALITY

• In TOT-AREA, Floods (line) and fatalities(bars) occurred in each month

• Mediterranean regions (Italy, Greece,Catalonia, South France and BalearicI.) show max number of FF betweenSEPTEMBER and NOVEMBER

• Czech Rep. and Turkey showmaximum values in May-August

• Portugal and Israel show patterndifferent from all the other areas

EUFF DATABASE: AGE & GENDER

AGE

Again, MALES fatalities are more numerous than FEMALES fatalities

AGE

Min: 1 y Av: 45.2 yMax: 95 y


≈ >> >In MEFF the situation was similar, only the first limit was different, 25 years instead of 29.

EUFF: FLOOD FATALITIES PER EVENT

The average number of fatalities per event (black line), representingthe severity of the event in terms of impact on people, is higher inTurkey, and secondly in Balearic Islands

EUFF: RESULTS•RESIDENCY: 53% of Flood Fatalities (FF) were residents in the area of the accident.•DISABILITY: 2.2% of FF were affected by some kind of physical disability.•PLACE: FF occurred frequently outdoor (33%), on the roads (16%).•CONDITION. By motor vehicle was the most frequent condition (20% ).•ACTIVITY. Traveling was the most frequent activity (18%), followed by working (males) and doing recreational activities (females).•DYNAMIC. Dragged by water/mud was the most frequent (50%) for under 85 years. FF over-85 were more commonly blocked in a flooded room.•PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS were detected in 5.3%: try to get out of car (2.5%) and moving to safer place (1.8%) were the most frequent. Females (30–49 years old) behave in this way more than males.•HAZARDOUS BEHAVIORS were detected in 10.6% of victims, mainly Males (30-49 years old). The most common was fording rivers (3.9%), detected in both males and females

EUFF: THE FLOOD IMPACT INDEX (FII)FLOOD IMPACT INDEX: compares the N° of FF among the SA. It is anormalization of the N° of FF to the surface and population of the SA.

FFI =N° of Flood Fatalities

× 100,000 x N° of Flood FatalitiesX 1000

Inhabitants Area × 1000

A: FLOOD MORTALITY OF THE STUDY AREA B: SPATIAL DENSITY OF FF IN THE STUDY AREA

FF/YEAR

CZECH REPUBLIC

ISRAEL

PORTUGAL

TURKEY

FF/YEAR

S. FRANCE

GREECE

BALEARIC I.

CALABRIA

CATALONIA

39% 61%

EUFF

40% 60%

AVG Age 53 48 AVG Age 45,2 44

MEFF

EUFF IS ON THE WEB

• EUFF is available on 4TU• 4TU (The Netherlands) is

an on-line archive for long-term access of research datasets from science, engineering and technology.

• 4TU was created in 2010 and used from researchers around the world to deposit and share their data.





Our databases

Future research




SUMMARY

EUFF DATABASE WEB-GIS (IN PROGRESS)

•Currently the project has NO FUNDS: the work has been carried out on a voluntary basis

•Our challenger is to extend EUFF to other countries, by creating a web-GIS where researchers can share their data.

• In 2 years (2018-2019) we involved 8 countries in data collection

CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA TO BE INCLUDED IN EUFF DATABASE

Taking into account these limitation, to be included in EUFF:

1. Data must be homogeneous to the other included in EUFF2. Data must concern flood fatalities occurred in a FIXED

REGION/NATION in a FIXED PERIOD longer than 10 years and included between 1980 and 2018

3. Data source must be clearly stated4. The data source must be SISTEMATICALLY analyzed for the entire

study period (for example: all the editions of a newspaper) 5. Fatalities must be georeferenced6. If LAT/LON of the accident are not exactly known, LAT/LON of the

municipality where the accident occurred are required

EUFF DATABASE DATA ENTRY

EVENT VICTIM VICTIM-EVENT INTERACTION

Country---------------------Region------------Municipality---------------------Prefecture----------------------Latitude---------------------Longitude------------------Date-------------------

Age----------------Gender-----------------Residency------------------Condition ------------------Activity -------------------

Place--------------------------Accident dynamic-------------------------Protective behaviour---------------------------Hazardous behaviour----------------------------Cause of death---------------------------

To participate to EUFF, Researchers can send an email [email protected]:STUDY AREASTUDY PERIODDATA SOURCEThe participants will be co-authors of both future papers and new on-line databases.

In this direction, our research is finalized to learn from past to reducehuman toll of floods in Europe and elsewhere by: Providing recommendations to be included in civil protection plans

on how to behave when facing a flood Supplying simple notions to increase awareness of flood risks in

students of all ages Inspire customised educational strategies for citizens of all ages, to

improve self protective behaviours

CONCLUDING REMARKSEU Parliament recognized the importance of historical data

The Directive 2007/60/EC imposed to member states, to:“prepare a description of the floods which have occurred in the past and which

had significant adverse impacts on human health […]”

Thank you for your attention

[email protected]

Documents

From regional to international databases: EUFF, the ...so-ii.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/14_Olga-Petrucci_web.pdf · I., Czech Rep., Israel, Portugal, Turkey ... Traveling Working