FROM PILOT TO REGULAR SURVEYS : THE COSTS ASPECTS Aneta GALCA Mihaela BORCAN

2 13rd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators17 – 18 January 2008 - Valleta, MALTA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICSRomania

FROM PILOT TO REGULAR

SURVEYS:

THE COSTS ASPECTS

Aneta GALCA

Mihaela BORCAN



Stages of the survey • Establish the survey indicators:

»Quantity of seed treated

»Area sown with treated seeds

»Quantity of pesticides used

»Treated area

»Number of treatments

»Quantity of solution



Stages of the survey• Drawing up the questionnaire

– Chapter 1 – General information on the agricultural holding

– Location of the agricultural holding– Legal form of the agricultural holding– General information on the cultivation system:

» sowing date» cultivated plot area» utilised agricultural area - wheat, fertilised wheat, irrigated

wheat, crops under rotation, previous plant, wheat grain norm per Ha, wheat grain quantity used for sowing

– Chapter 2 – Treatment of seeds before sowing– Trade name of the pesticide used– Treated seed purchased – seed quantity, dose, total quantity– Area sown with treated seeds



Stages of the survey• Drawing up the questionnaire

– Chapter 3 – Crop treatment with pesticides– Trade name of the pesticide used– Dosage applied– Total quantity– Treated area– Number of treatments– Data of application

– Chapter 4 – Other plant health protection measures and their efficiency

– Application of an integrated plant disease and pest prevention strategy



Stages of the survey

• Elaboration of the methodological guide– Instructions to fill in the questionnaire– Nomenclatures

• Drawing up the sample:– 4000 agricultural holdings

– 1839 individual holdings– 2161 legal units

– Threshold applied >= 5 Ha cultivated area with wheat



Stages of the survey

• Establish the requirements for the IT application

• Elaboration of the IT application

• Surveyors selection

• Training of the surveyors

• Field data collection (face-to-face interview)

• Data processing at central level:– data collection– validation (corrections, automatic corrections)– data extension– final tables



Future stages

• Data analysis:

–with the specialists from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

–with other administrative sources and research institutes

• Elaboration of the final report



Results• Total cultivated area: 2,000,000 Ha

• Cultivated area with treated seed: 80 % of the total

• Treated area: 75 % of the total

• Average quantity of seed utilised for sowing: 240 Kilos/Ha

• Quantity of plant protection products, active substance:

– Together with sowing: 0,20 Kilos active substance/ Ha

– Utilised during vegetation: 0,16 Kilos active substance/ Ha

From pilot survey to regular survey




ResultsSeeds treatment (active

substance)• Tebuconozole: 27 %• Difenoconozole: 25 %• Diniconzole: 18 %• Thiram: 16 %• Cypermetrin: 11 %• Others: 3 %




ResultsUtilised plant protection products with one active substance – reason of the treatment

• Tebuconazole (0,02 Kilos active substance) for:– Tilletia spp.– Pyrenophora graminis– Ustilago nuda

• Difenoconazole (0,03 Kilos active substance) for:– Tilletia– Fusarium species– Fusarium nivale




ResultsUtilised plant protection products with two active substances – reason of the treatment

• Difenoconazole (0,03 Kilos active substance) for:– Tilletia species

• Ciproconazole (0,06 Kilos active substance) for:– Fusarium species– Ustilago nuda




ResultsUtilised plant protection products with two active substance – reason of the treatment

• Tebuconazole (0,015 Kilos active substance) for:– Tilletia species

• Thiram (0,50 Kilos active substance) for:– Fusarium species




ResultsUtilised plant protection products with two active substances – reason of the treatment

• Diniconazole (0,015 Kilos active substance) for:– Tilletia species

• Carbendazim (0,50 Kilos active substance) for:– Fusarium species




ResultsCrop treatment – utilised substance

Total active substance: 0,16 Kilos/Ha for crop 0,04 Kilos/Ha for seeds• Fungicides: 21 %, of which 49 % Carbendazim

• Herbicides: 75 %, of which 80 % 2,4 D

• Insecticides: 3,5 %, of which 28 % Dimethoate

• Average number of treatments: 2,3

• Dosage applied: 100 % of the recommended dosage

• Average water volume applied: 250 l/Ha




ResultsMain utilised substances and the reason of

their application (diseases)Fungicides:• Thiophanate methyl for Erysyphe graminis • Thiabendazole for Septoria tritici• Difenoconazole for Puccinia species• Tebuconazole for Fusarium species• Others for Puccinia recondita




ResultsMain utilised substances and the

reason of their application (diseases)Herbicides: • 2,4 D for Wild-growing plant • Chlorosulfuron for Cirsium arvensis• Metasulfuron for Souchus arvensis• Amidosulfuron for Chenopodium album• Others for Thalspi arvense and Raphanus spp.




ResultsMain utilised substances and the reason of

their application (pests)Insecticides: • Thiametoxan (0,250 K a.s.) for Eurygaster integriceps • Chlorphyrifos methyl (0,48 K a.s.) for Lema melanopa and

Zabrus tenebriodes• Dimethoate (0,4 K a.s.) for Eurygaster species • Cypermethrin (0,3 K s.a.) for Agriotis species, Anisoplia

species and Haplodiplotis marginata




Problems

– for updating the sample base (crops rotation system)» back up sample

– for surveyors employment» special training needed» non stimulated payment




• When ?– after the coming into force of the Regulation (2010 – 2013)

• How ?– following the stages of Phare 2005, by groups and zones of crops

• Who ?– National Institute of Statistics with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Interns and Administrative Reform (local administrations)




Preparing activities

– Phare MB 2002 and 2005 pilot project; transition facility 2008:

» pesticides statistics employed on the market

– collaboration protocols with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Interns and AdministrativeReform for pesticides issue

- selection of the target population by asking within the questionnaire for crop production, fodder, vegetables, flowers of certain questions regarding the use of pesticides

– establishing the crop list

– establishing the necessary financial resources




Drawing up the sample Crop list – selection criteria

• Cultivated area• Grains production, fruits, vegetables and fodders• Quantity of utilised pesticides – Kilos/ Ha• Typology and Economic size of the holding• Number of holdings• Crop specific (weight of crop in holding type) – fruit trees,

vegetables and vine are frequently cultivated in households• Soil and climatic conditions – water melons are cultivated on

sandy soils; sugar beat is cultivated in cold zones• Crop rotation system• Area utilisation• Resources



CULTIVATED AREA, CROP PERCENTAGETotal area = 7 884 000 ha

64%

6% 2%2% 4%

1%

4%

16%

1%

Grains Vegetable for seeds Oleaginous crops

Vegetable Sugar beet Potatoes

Vineyards Orchards Other crops



Number of farm's type, as percentageTotal number = 2 485 855

32%

1%6%

31%

30%

Grains Horticulture crops Permanent crops

Mixed crops Mixed (animal + vegetal)



NUMBER AND ECONOMIC SIZE OF FARMS, IN 2005, AS PERCENTAGETotal number = 4 256 162

1 ESU = 1200 Euro

1%

70%

20% 7% 2%

0 < 1 ESU 1 - 2 ESU 2 - 4 ESU 4 - 8 ESU 8 - 40 ESU



PERCENTAGE OF CROPS WITHIN SAMPLE

9%2%7%0.1%1%

4%9%

24%44%

Crops on arable land Poatoes

Sugar beet Vegetables including greenhouses

Melons Strawberry

Vineyard Orchards

Pasture




Costs evaluation

– evaluation criteria:

◦ representativity level national level

region level

◦ number of crops



From pilot survey to regular surveyCosts evaluation for 2012 survey

total

holdings questionnaires methodological

guide data

collection IT application

day Euro day Euro Euro("20) day Euro

survey for arable land crops 18000 40 2480 20 1240 360000 60 2700

potatoes survey 3600 20 1240 30 1860 72000 40 1800

sugar beat survey 700 15 930 20 1240 14000 40 1800

vegetables survey 2700 40 2480 40 2480 54000 60 2700

water melons survey 600 20 1240 20 1240 12000 25 1125

strawberries survey 100 20 1240 20 1240 2000 25 1125

vine survey 1500 40 2480 40 2480 30000 45 2025

fruit trees survey 3500 40 2480 40 2480 70000 45 2025

pastures and meadows survey 4500 20 1240 40 2480 90000 45 2025

TOTAL 35200 15810 16740 704000 17325



From pilot survey to regular surveyCosts evaluation for 2012 survey- next

data collection, processing

analysis, total data comparing data transmission report elaboration

report elaboration TOTAL

Euro day* 50) Euro day* 50) Euro day (day* 50euro) Euro

survey for arable land crops 360000 500 250 30 1500 368670

potatoes survey 72000 500 250 20 1000 78650

sugar beat survey 14000 500 250 20 1000 19720

vegetables survey 54000 500 250 40 2000 64410

water melons urvey 12000 500 250 20 1000 17355

strawberries survey 2000 500 250 20 1000 7355

vine survey 30000 500 250 40 2000 39735

fruit trees survey 70000 500 250 40 2000 79735

pastures and meadows survey 90000 500 250 20 1000 97495

TOTAL 704000 753875

Documents

FROM PILOT TO REGULAR SURVEYS : THE COSTS ASPECTS Aneta GALCA Mihaela BORCAN