From Open access to Open Science: Open Science policies@EC

Victoria Tsoukala, PhD

Policy Officer

Directorate General for Research & Innovation

Unit A6. Research data and science cloud

European Commission

Definitions

EC policies

The global context

What about Israel?

Open Access

Open access (OA) is the practice of providing on-line access to scientific information that is free of charge to the user and that is re-usable.

• No single definition but some well-accepted, authoritative ones: the Budapest Declaration (2002, http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read) and the Berlin Declaration (2003, https://openaccess.mpg.de/Berliner-Erklaerung).

• These definitions describe 'access' in the context of open access as including not only basic elements such as the right to read, download and print, but also the right to copy, distribute, search, link, crawl, and mine

• Open access to research outputs: publications, data, software and other outputs

• For publications: • Open access publishing, i.e. publishing in an open access mode/venue (gold open access)

• Making accessible through repositories (green open access)

Open Science

A system of practices that moves towards a more open, collaborative, data-intensive and networked way of doing research and sharing research results, enabled by developments in ICT and related infrastructures and the increasing proliferation of data.

Open Science supports the early sharing of research outputs in open access modes, affords the participation of non-qualified scientists, such as citizen-scientists, in the research process, and supports the use of appropriate and broad evaluation instruments for research that are fit for purpose.

Conceptualizing Open Science

Expected benefits of open science

• Good for science: efficiency, verifiability, transparency, interdisciplinarity

• Good for the economy: access to and re-use of scientific information by industry, innovation

• Good for society: broader, faster, transparent & equal access for citizens, increased societal impact of science and research

2007 • EC Communication on Scientific Information

2008 • FP7 OA Pilot

2012

• Recommendation on OA to and preservation of scientific information

• Communication on European Research Area (ERA)

2014-

• Horizon 2020 OA and ORD policies

2015 • Digital Single Market (DSM) strategy

2016 • Council Conclusions on open science (Member States)

2016 • European Cloud Initiative Communication (ECI)

2018 • Revision of the 2012 Recommendation in conjunction with PSI Directive

2018- • Preparing Open Science for FP9

European Commission policies (last decade)

OA in the FPs till now…

FP7

Pilot OA ('best effort')

H2020

Mandatory OA

& ORD Pilot

H2020

Mandatory OA& ORD by default

…and the future….

FP7

Pilot OA ('best effort')

H2020

Mandatory OA & ORD Pilot

H2020

Mandatory OA& ORD by default

FP9 Will go beyond OA embrace and embed Open Science!!

H2020: OA publications (Art. 20.2 of GA)

• Mandatory open access to peer-reviewed publications through repositories at the same time as publication.

• Acceptable embargo: 6M and up to 12M for SSH

• Open access publishing encouraged and APCs eligible costs. Gradual emphasis on monitoring and on sanctions.

• Current success rate: about 68% (Art. 29.2 of GA)

H2020: ORD (Art. 29.3 of GA)

• By default participation in the ORD

• Targeted primarily towards data underlying publications (other data as specified in DMP)

• Required to develop DMP as a deliverable

• Significance placed on DMP as avenue to streamline sound data management practices • What data will be generated; how curation, preservation and

sustainability will be ensured; what parts will be open

• Costs for open access to research data fully eligible

• Robust opt outs options for IPR, confidentiality/privacy and security reason as well as if OA runs against the main objective of the project

• Whether projects opt-out or not does not affect the evaluation

FP9!

• The Lamy report proposes a new FP that fully supports Open Science at all levels

• The new FP will further strengthen current open access requirements

• Will support by incentivizing and rewarding open science

The 2012 Recommendation on Access to and Preservation of Scientific Information to MS

Objectives:

• Increase openly accessible scientific information across MS significantly; preserve scientific information

• Stimulate the implementation of open access policies for scientific publications and data by the Member States

• Support e-infrastructures for scientific information and ensure interoperability and collaboration

• Stimulate dialogue on open access in Europe and beyond

National Points of Reference (NPR) by MS to report on progress

• 2016 report, 2017 update in progress (to be published spring 2018)

• Upcoming review of the 2012 Recommendation in Spring 2018

2017 NPR report (in progress)

Member States support open science!

The Council:

• ACKNOWLEDGES that open science has the potential to increase the quality, impact and benefits of science and to accelerate advancement of knowledge by making it […] better understandable by society and responsive to societal challenges […]

• AGREES to further promote the mainstreaming of open access to scientific publications by continuing to support a transition to immediate open access as the default by 2020

• "the underlying principle for the optimal reuse of research data should be: 'as open as possible, as closed as necessary'".

Open Science Policy Platform http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/ospp_nominated_members.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none

Member States: Council Conclusions on open science (May 2016)

Digital Single Market Strategy (2015)

DSM: "Market in which free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured and where individuals and businesses can seamlessly access and exercise online activities." One of ten Juncker priorities One of the DSM pillars: focus on maximising growth potential of the digital economy by building a data economy Themes: Copyright, including text and datamining (TDM), open science, free flow of data, European open science cloud

European Cloud Initiative (COM(2016)178)

Part of the Digital Single Market Strategy (DSM)

Problems addressed: Closed data; lack of re-use framework; lack of interoperability; fragmentation of infrastructure; lacking High Performance Computing (HPC)

ECI pillars:

• 1. European Open Science Cloud (EOSC)

Federated environment for cloud-based research and access to data

• 2. European Data Infrastructure

Development and deployment of large-scale European HPC, data and network infrastructure

• 3. Widened user base (industry, e-gov, citizens)

What is the vision for the EOSC?

'The EOSC aims to give Europe a global lead in scientific data infrastructures…. It will offer 1.7 million European researchers and 70 million professional in science and technology a virtual environment with free at the point of use, open and seamless services for storage, management, analysis, and reuse of research data, across borders and scientific disciplines'

(COM(2016) 178final), p.6

Source: RTD

European researchers face data fragmentation and unequal

access to quality information sets

Researcher

CERN, EMBL,

ELIXIR, etc.

Institutional

repository

Member State

Infrastructure

Access to data

and resources

Limited and limiting access for an ordinary European researcher

• Fragmented access (across

scientific domains, countries and

governance models; varying

access policies)

• Limited cross-disciplinary access

to data sets (i.e. interdisciplinary

research)

• Non-interoperable services and

data

• Closed data

19

Source: RTD

The EOSC will allow for universal access to data and a new

level playing field for EU researchers

CERN, EMBL,

ELIXIR, etc.

Institutional

repository

Member State

Infrastructure

New provider/

service

Researcher

• Easy access through a universal

access point for ALL European

researchers

• Cross-disciplinary access to data

and services unleashes potential

of interdisciplinary research

• Services and data are

interoperable (FAIR data)

• Data funded with public money is

in principle open (as open as

possible, as closed as necessary)

• EOSC will help increase

recognition data intensive

research and data science

1.Access to all European research data

2.Access to world-class data services

3.Clear rules of use and service provision

4.FAIR data tools, training and standards

Seamless environment enabling interdisciplinary research 20

Concretely….

• The EOSC will federate existing and emerging horizontal and thematic data infrastructures to exploit existing investments and build scale and scope

• There will be access to services and information through a single entry point (EOSC portal)

• The Commission is funding the federation of services , preparing the implementation of the EOSC, exploring possibilities for the governance of the EOSC with MS

• Joint responsibility of DGs RTD and CONNECT

• WP Research Infrastructures (including einfrastructures) 2017 to 2020 fund various aspects of the EOSC.

To remember: this is building on solid foundations that we already have

Already funded projects

EOSC-HUB Pan-European access

channel to EOSC services

OPENAIRE ADVANCE

Open Access

FREYA

Persistent Identifiers

Socio technical network for

Open Science

Services, software and data for full life-cycle of

research

Federated network of interlinked research objects

EOSC-Pilot

Governance

Work Programme Research Infrastructures (including e-Infrastructures) 2018-2020 - EOSC relevant topics

TOPIC Title Type of

Action

Open

Date Deadline Budget

INFRAEOSC-01-2018 Access to commercial services through the

EOSC hub RIA 05/12/17 22/03/18 €12M

INFRAEOSC-02-2019 Prototyping new innovative services RIA 16/10/18 29/01/19 €28.5M

INFRAEOSC-03-2020

Integration and consolidation of pan-European

access mechanisms to public e-infrastructures

and commercial services through the EOSC hub

RIA tbd tbd €79M

INFRAEOSC-04-2018 Connecting ESFRI Infrastructures through

cluster projects RIA 05/12/17 22/03/18 €95M

INFRAEOSC-05-2018-2019

Support to the EOSC governance

(a) Setup of an EOSC coordination structure CSA 10/01/18 19/04/18 €10M

(b) Coordination of EOSC-relevant national

initiatives across Europe and support to

prospective EOSC service providers

RIA 26/07/18 21/11/18 € 30M

(c) FAIR data uptake and compliance in all

scientific communities CSA 10/01/18 19/04/18 €10M

INFRAEOSC-06-2020:

Enhancing the EOSC portal and connecting

thematic clouds

(a) Support to the EOSC portal

RIA 14/11/18 20/03/19 €2M

(b) Connecting thematic clouds into the EOSC RIA tbd tbd €5M

INFRASUPP-01-2018-2019

Policy and international cooperation measures

for research infrastructures

(b5) Support to the e-Infrastructure Reflection

Group (e-IRG)

CSA 05/12/17 22/03/18

€ 0.6M

Other actions GÉANT

Partnership projects

Two actions covering the support to the pan-

European data network for research and

education, including increase of the backbone

capacity, which underpin EOSC

SGA Q3 2018 Q4 2018 €128 M

What else is the EC doing to promote Open Science?

• Discusses continuously with stakeholders • Open Science Policy Platform

• Solicits expert advice: Expert Groups • FAIR data

• Incentives and Rewards

• Future of scholarly communication

• HLEG EOSC

• New generation metrics

Check: https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=home

The international landscape Robust open access policies around the world – not invented in Europe

• Strong US OA mandate for federally funded research (agencies with budget of over 100 million €), most notably NIH, and prestigious HEIs also with policies (e.g. Harvard, Princeton, Stanford etc)

• Strong green open access mandates in Latin America

• Strong open access policies also in Canada, Australia and Japan

• Developing policies in other countries, e.g. China, Russia…

• Key private funders also have robust mandates (Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation)

• G7 Science Ministers on Open Science in the fall 2017

Policy Growth

What about OS in Israel?

• Actively align with relevant policies will be important for research carried out in Israel and the researchers

• Participate in European discussions about Open Science (eg through NPRs etc)

• Take advantage of processes and resources already at place and mobilize national resources

• Policies to be expected from funders and institutions?? • E.g. Israel Science Foundation to consider an open access/open

science strategy and policy?

• Universities to organize themselves to develop coordinated policies?

• There are projects and materials to exploit fruitfully

Thank you!

victoria.tsoukala@ec.europa.eu