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From Home Education to Open Education:
An Experiment in Higher Education
Tim ChenTaiwan Homeschol Advocates
Twitter @chen8
I am a global education activist
• Advocate education choice since 2007
• Teach at Nat’l Tsing Hua University Leadership Program
• Founded the first experimental education institution for Taipei City Government in 2016
• Member of Taiwan’s National Curriculum Review Committee Plenary Session since 2016
• Member of the National Experimental Education Review Committee of Higher Learning
• Member of the 2016, 2018 and 2020 Global Home Education Conference organizing committee
Taiwan balances non-school-based students’ right to learn and parents’ right to educational choice
• Parents-initiated home education legislation • Homeschool students are active in advocating their rights • The law guarantee homeschool parents and homeschool groups at least 2/5 of
seats on non-school-based EE review committee • Homeschool students have access to all school activities including sports,
clubs, competitions and the use of school facilities • High school students receive up to US$2,250 a year tuition subsidy • Counseling and support services for the assessment, teaching, and
administrative care of special needs homeschool students • Special admission channels for higher education
高級中學法(1979)
Senior High School Act
國民教育法(1979)
私立學校法 (1974)
教育管制
教育人員任用條例、師資培育法
學習自由
教師法、課程綱要、特殊教育法
直轄市、縣（市）主管機關Government
學校財團法人School Foundation
非 營 利 法 人NGO
自 然 人Individual
Private School
Law
Primary and Junior High School Act
Education FreedomGovernment Control
1.0: Establishing school was for the privileged before 1999
職業學校法(1932)
Vocational High School Act
高級中學法Senior High School Act
實驗高級中學申請設立辦法教
育管制
教育人員任用條例、師資培育法
學習自由
教師法、課程綱要、特殊教育法
直轄市、縣（市）主管機關Government
學校財團法人School Foundation
非 營 利 法 人NGO
自 然 人Individual
Private School Law
Primary and Junior High School Act
Education FreedomGovernment Control
高中300 非學100
2.0: Local non-school-based experimental education 2000 - 2010
個人Individual
機構Institution
國民教育階段非學校型態地方自治法規
Non-school-based experimental education
公立學校委託私人辦理地方自治法規
國民教育法
私立學校法
機構 團體 個人
高級中等教育法
Senior High School Education Act
高級中等學校辦理實驗教育辦法
Senior High School Experimental Education Regulation教
育管制
學習自由
Institution Group Individual
高級中等教育階段辦理非學校型態實驗教育辦法
G10-12 non-school-based EE
直轄市、縣（市）主管機關Government
學校財團法人School Foundation
非 營 利 法 人NGO
自 然 人Individual
Private School Law
Primary and Junior High School Act
Education FreedomGovernment Control
高300 附設國1000
3.0: National non-school-based experimental education 2011 - 2014
國民教育階段辦理非學校型態實驗教育準則
G1-9 non-school-based EE
公立學校委託私人辦理地方自治法規
國民教育法
私立學校法
教育人員任用條例、師資培育法
教師法、課程綱要、特殊教育法
機構 團體 個人
國民教育法
私立學校法
教育管制
教育人員任用條例、師資培育法
學習自由
Institution Group Individual
高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例
Enforcement Act for Non-school-based Experimental Education at Senior High School
Level or Below
教師法、課程綱要、特殊教育法
中央、直轄市、縣（市）主管機關Government
學校財團法人School Foundation
非 營 利 法 人（除學校外）NGO
自 然 人Individual
Education FreedomGovernment Control
4.0: Introducing school-based experimental education in 2015
科學校
School-based Experimental
Education
學校型態實驗教育實施條例
公立國民小學及國民中學委託私人辦理條例
高級中等教育法
Senior High School Education Act
高級中等學校辦理實驗教育辦法
Senior High School Experimental Education Regulation
機構 團體 個人
大學法 技術及職業教育法
國民教育法
私立學校法
教育管制
教育人員任用條例、師資培育法
學習自由
高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例
Enforcement Act for Non-school-based Experimental Education at Senior High School
Level or Below
教師法、課程綱要、特殊教育法
中央、直轄市、縣（市）主管機關Government
學校財團法人School Foundation
非 營 利 法 人（除學校外）NGO
自 然 人Individual
Education FreedomGovernment Control
5.0: Allowing experimental higher education after 2018
高級中等教育法
學位授予法、學⽣輔導法、國⺠體育法
專科學校法
公立高級中等以下學校委託私人辦理實驗教育條
例Act Governing
the Commissioning of the Operation of Public Schools
at Senior High School Level or
Below to the Private Sector
for Experimental Education
Institution Group Individual
School-based Experimental
Education
學校型態實驗教育實施條例
Experimental education penetration rate quadruples in 4 years
Chart Title
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
7,290
6,244
5,139
2,764
277
2,1901,940
1,8771,620
1,357
8,2457,282
5,5984,985
3,690
Non-school-based EE Privately operated public schools EE School-based EE 0.73% school age students
0.19% school age students
Non-school-based EE penetration rate increases by 7 folds
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
1,577
1,483
930
787
432275
26420578
1,610
1,414
1,0051,015
857641
492403636
5,058
4,385
3,6633,183
2,0481,9071,508
1,252937
Primary age 6-11 Junior High age 12-14 Senior High age 15-17 0.34% school age students
0.05% school age students
Non-school-based experimental education is rather open
access 99% success
content open
pedagogy open
recognition fully
collaboration somehow
research none
strategy mixed results
technology mixed results
leadership mixed results
quality mixed results
Source: EU JRC Opening up Education
Non-school-based experimental education (NSBEE) has liberated Taiwan’s ISCED 1, 2 & 3.
Leverage the NSBEE experience, the school-based experimental education has the potential to change Taiwan’s ISCED 5, 6 & 7.
Establish a experimental higher education by integrating alternative credentials and OERs
Source: OECD “The emergence of alternative credentials”
Higher experimental education has open access subject to space availability• Article 7 of “Enforcement Act for School-based Experimental Education
(2018)” allow schools to set their own students enrollment policy as part of the experimental education plan. • Article 9 of the Act further allows schools to be exempted from the
Junior College Act and the University Act. • However Article 14 of the Act limits total number of students from
associate’s degrees to master’s degrees to 500, 160 students if schools only offer associate or master’s degree, 320 if only offer bachelor degree. • Schools can offer open access while spaces last.
Open content can lower the cost of tuition
• Article 7 of the Act allow schools to set their curriculum and teaching plan and funding needs, sources, and fee standard as part of the experimental education plan. • Schools may use open educational resources (OER) and free of charge
content as teaching materials.
Open up pedagogical practices is inherent in experimental education• Article 7 of the Act allow schools to design the following in their
experimental education plan: • education concepts and plan features • curriculum and teaching plan, • school system • administrative operation and organization type • learning outcomes assessment • student affairs and guidance methods
Recognition will be a huge breakthrough
• Article 7 of the Act allows schools to be exempted from the Degree Conferral Act • RPL (Recognition of Prior Learning) • Qualification • Social recognition
No regulation in collaboration
• There is no law regulates collaboration • Hard to find collaboration partners for newly established schools • Some collaboration such as acceptance and recognition of alternative
credentials by third parties may need exemption from relevant laws.
Openness in research benefits new player
• Schools can get recognition by sharing and collaborating proactively. • Such activities help schools to advance their other goals.
Experimental university will open up TW’s HEUniversity NTHU NCTU NCKU XU
Program Experimental Education
Arete Honors Cross College Elite Taiwan’s Got Talent
Established in 2018 2018 2017 2022
Student No. 20 120 60 160~500
Required Credits 32 32 46 16 waivable
Self-Design Courses Possible Possible Not Possible Possible
Access Internal External Internal / External External
Recognition traditional and nontraditional courses, internships outside of
school, and international study-abroad programs.
28~32 credits from school courses, outside school course
and others. Of which min 16 school credits.
Three 6-credit Interdisciplinary Projects total 18 credits.
alternative credentials and OERs from local and international
NGOs, corporations, labs and universities
Source: Universities’ websites
Follow me on Twitter: @chen8
