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From Gene to Protein. Protein Synthesis. You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell. It directs all of the cell’s processes. DNA contains coded information to make proteins. Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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From Gene to ProteinFrom Gene to ProteinProtein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
You already know that DNA You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell.is the “boss” of the cell.
It directs all of the cell’s processes.It directs all of the cell’s processes.
DNA contains coded information to make proteins
Nucleotides in DNA molecules Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes.are grouped into genes.
These genes contain specific These genes contain specific information to make proteins.information to make proteins.
• Proteins make up the structure of organisms and control the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
• Proteins help determine traits.
Where are proteins made?
ribosomes
How does the information in DNA in the nucleustravel to the ribosome in order to make proteins?
mRNA
RNA: DNA’s overworked RNA: DNA’s overworked cousincousin
RNA is very similar in RNA is very similar in structure to DNA. structure to DNA.
Her are the differences:Her are the differences: DNADNA RNARNAdeoxyribose sugardeoxyribose sugarribose sugarribose sugardouble strandeddouble stranded single single
stranded strandedstablestable unstableunstablethyminethymine uraciluracil
mRNA is made in the nucleus from informationin the DNA during a process called transcription
DNA
mRNA
TranscriptionTranscription
mRNA leaves the nucleus and reaches a ribosome. Translation now occurs
TranslationTranslation
A tRNA molecule that A tRNA molecule that compliments the mRNA compliments the mRNA carries the correct amino carries the correct amino acidacid
From RNA to ProteinFrom RNA to Protein
How is the code in mRNA read How is the code in mRNA read by the ribosome to create the by the ribosome to create the protein?protein?
It is “decoded” 3 bases at a time.It is “decoded” 3 bases at a time. Each group of 3 bases is called a Each group of 3 bases is called a CODON.CODON. Every codon has an amino acid somewhere that Every codon has an amino acid somewhere that
goes with it.goes with it.
mRNA codon amino acid
UUC
mRNA codon amino acid
UUC
GAC
Phenylalanine
mRNA codon amino acid
UUC
GAC
AUG
Phenylalanine
Aspartate
mRNA codon amino acid
UUC
GAC
AUG
CGC
Phenylalanine
Aspartate
Met (universal start codon)
mRNA codon amino acid
UUC
GAC
AUG
CGC
Phenylalanine
Aspartate
Met (universal start codon)
Arginine
