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From Candidate to Flight Crew: Keeping Your Airline One Step Ahead
in Pilot Selection and Provisioning
World Aviation Training Conference and Trade ShowApril 27, 2010 - Orlando, Florida
Lou Nemeth, Chief Safety Officer
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The New Focus – Competency-Based Training
Existing prescriptive training programs do little to confirm that a trainee has obtained the knowledge and mastered the skills associated with a given task
CAE believes that competency-based training and assessment provides a viable means of improving pilot proficiency
Examples of competency-based training:
Most military flight training programs
Advanced Qualification Programs (AQP) programs for line pilots
Only achievable if the principles of the ISD process are well understood and successfully applied
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Competency-Based Program Benefits
Benefits to Sponsoring Airline► Consistently high quality of
graduates will enable airlines to reduce the time and overall cost of new-hire training
► "Train Like You Fly" philosophy -- pilots are trained to operate as part of a crew using the airline SOPs.
Benefits to the Cadet► The highest quality training
available in the industry from a global aviation training leader
► An efficient, more direct path to an airline pilot career opportunity
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Competency-Based Training Features
Practical and Theoretical Training► Competencies precisely defined► Cumulatively provide the theoretical and practical
competencies of an ATPL holder qualified to operate a multi-engine, turbine-powered, pressurized airplane in all possible operational environments
► FSTDs provide the fidelities necessary to train competency-based objectives
► Windshear, CFIT, Upset, and recovery from energy critical maneuvers required
► CRM/TEM attitudinal competencies trained in a mission context
► Training providers, not the airline have the regulatory burden for course approval
CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information
Competency-Based Training Features
Testing► Comprehensive assessment of developing ATPL knowledge
and skills► PF and PNF► Evaluation standards connected to existing / future
technologies
Data Collection and Analysis ► Absolutely essential to assure competency development► ICAO data collection recommendations provide a good start► Data collection should extend through release to the line and
the first year of operational experience to validate the training process
CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information
Comprehensive Aircrew Selection Process
Our program focuses on the Big 3:► Cognition► Personality► Aptitude
Program features:► Verification of candidate application data► Background checks► Administration of tests (math, physics, English)► Aptitude, attitude & personality► Physical assessment► Structured interview► Debrief
CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information CAE Inc Confidential and/or Proprietary Information
Aviation English Language Training
Selection
Two Month Course
Dedicated Lessons
A2
Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (eg very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment) Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need
B1Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans
B2
Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options
C1Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices
C2Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex situations
CBT ICAO IELTS CEFTOEFL (Paper)
TOEFL (CBT)
35 6 7-8
30 5 6 C2 630 260
25 4 5 C1 540 210
20 3+ 4+ B2+ 480 180
15 3- 4- B2- 450 150
10 2 3 B1 340 60
05 1 2 A2 310 30
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CRM / TEM Training/ Professionalism
First represent Crew Resource Management (CRM) as a set of skills that provides the means of improving human behavior in interpersonal relationships.
Thereafter, introduce CRM as a discipline that improves cockpit discipline and resource management, improves personal work habits, and reduces error
Prioritize the introduction of threat management and error management techniques
Embed TEM principles in all appropriate theoretical lessons
Ensure standardization of the message; instructor expertise in the disciplines is absolutely essential
Professionalism:•Thoughts•Habits•Priorities
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CAE Competency-Based Training
We are validating competency-based training in the first test of CAE’s MPL program
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4-Phase Program
Core – CAE Global Academy, Moncton Flying College, Dieppe
Basic – CAE Global Academy, Moncton Flying College, Dieppe
Intermediate – CAE SimuFlite, Dallas
Advanced – CAE Training & Services, Toronto
Base Training (takeoffs and landings) – Kuala Lumpur
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Initial Results
Cadets are motivated, committed and industrious
Stage 1 test results – 98.0%
Practical competencies surpassing expected proficiency levels
Aviation English Language progression well ahead of schedule
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CAE Pilot Provisioning
CAE is committed to the dream of flying
In this new era of aviation, pilot candidates want:► A clear path to a well-paying professional career ► The expectation of a solid job prospect with an
airline
Throughout its global network, CAE provides training that ensures pilot proficiencies which meet National Aviation Authority (NAA) requirements
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CAE worldwide
20 countries
90 sites
29 training centres
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WithScientific selection
Molded cadet; thoughts, habits & priorities
Validated outcomes through facts & data
Competency based
Provider’s regulatory burden
Line oriented multi crew training
Airline SOPs
Without
Less rigorous selection
Status Quo …………………………….
Existing processes …
Prescription based
Airline’s regulatory burden
Regulatory minimum …
P-factor, S-turns
Pilot Provisioning Summary
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FAA ANPRM
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The Challenge of Training for Safety
The primary response to aircraft incidents in recent decades (thus far) has been to increase the prescriptive hourly requirements, required maneuvers, and testing processes necessary for qualification.
There have been improvements: Ever-improving synthetic training technology and tools Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) training ITQI Initiatives (Instructor Training & Evidenced-based Training) Maturing Threat and Error Management (TEM) Programs
We are still challenged to advance our training and evaluation methods in the international aviation community
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Comments on the FAA ANPRM
We do not believe that hourly requirements establish a pilot’s competencies for a pilot of a Part 121 air carrier (whether 1500, 800, 750, or otherwise)
The 1500 hour requirement will further discourage potential candidates from entering the pilot profession
What is needed for air carrier safety and efficiency is: A structured systems approach to instructional design Scientific validation of demonstrated knowledge and skill-based
outcomes
Theoretical knowledge and practical skills competencies should be defined through the Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) process
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An Additional Recommendation
We encourage the formation of a global Aviation Training Organization from which ICAO could seek cooperation and counsel on training of aviation professionals
Examples:
IATA -- the global voice for airlines
IFALPA -- the global voice for pilots