From BacteriaFrom Bacteria Plants to Chapter 1 Plants to Chapter 1

Section 1: What is Life?Section 1: What is Life?

Section 1: What is life?Section 1: What is life?ObjectivesObjectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

List the characteristics of all living List the characteristics of all living thingsthings

Identify what all living things need to Identify what all living things need to survive.survive.

Section 1: What is Life?Section 1: What is Life?VocabVocab

1. organism1. organism

A living thing.A living thing.

2. 2. cellcell

The basic unit of structure and The basic unit of structure and function in an organism.function in an organism.

3. 3. unicellularunicellular

A type of organism that is made up A type of organism that is made up of a single cell. of a single cell.

4. multicellular4. multicellular

A type of organism that is made up A type of organism that is made up of many cells.of many cells.

5. 5. developmentdevelopment

The process of change that occurs The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism. a more complex organism.

6. 6. stimulusstimulus

A change in an organism’s A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the surroundings that causes the organism to react.organism to react.

7. 7. responseresponse

An action or change in behavior that An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus. occurs as a result of a stimulus.

8. 8. reproducereproduce

The production of offspring that are The production of offspring that are similar to the parents. similar to the parents.

9. 9. spontaneous generationspontaneous generation

The mistaken idea that living things arise The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources from nonliving sources

Pg. 19Pg. 19 Read pgs. 20-21. Exploring the Read pgs. 20-21. Exploring the

Experiments of Redi and Pasteur.Experiments of Redi and Pasteur. Discuss variables in the two experiments.Discuss variables in the two experiments.

10. 10. controlled experimentcontrolled experiment

An experiment in which all factors An experiment in which all factors are identical except one. are identical except one.

11. 11. manipulated variablemanipulated variable

The one factor that a scientist The one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment.changes during an experiment.

12. 12. autotrophautotroph

An organism that makes its own An organism that makes its own food.food.

13. 13. heterotrophheterotroph

An organism that cannot make its An organism that cannot make its own food. own food.

14. 14. homeostasishomeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the conditions despite changes in the surroundings.surroundings.

NotesNotes 1. All living things have:1. All living things have:

– AA

– BB

– CC

– DD

– EE

– FF

Cellular organizationSimilar chemicalsUse energyGrow and develop

Respond to their surroundings

Reproduce

2. The most abundant chemical in 2. The most abundant chemical in cells is____________________________cells is____________________________water

3. Other chemicals in cells include:3. Other chemicals in cells include:

– A.A.

– B.B.

– C.C.

– D.D.

carbohydrates

proteins

lipids

nucleic acids

4. The four basic needs of all living 4. The four basic needs of all living things are:things are:

– A.A.

– B.B.

– C.C.

– D.D.

Energy

Water

Living space

Stable internal conditions

From Plants to From Plants to BacteriaBacteria

Chapter 1Chapter 1Section 2: The Origin of Section 2: The Origin of

Life Life

Section 2: The Origin of Life Section 2: The Origin of Life ObjectivesObjectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

Compare the atmosphere of early Compare the atmosphere of early Earth with today’s atmosphereEarth with today’s atmosphere

State how scientists hypothesize that State how scientists hypothesize that life arose on early Earthlife arose on early Earth

15. 15. fossilfossil

The trace of an ancient organism The trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock or that has been preserved in rock or other substance. other substance.

NotesNotes

1. _____________________ and 1. _____________________ and _______________________ are the major _______________________ are the major gases in our present day gases in our present day atmosphere.atmosphere.

nitrogenoxygen

2. The oldest fossil of bacteria like 2. The oldest fossil of bacteria like cells are believed to be about cells are believed to be about

_____________ years old._____________ years old.3.4 to 3.5 billion

Science Extension- we will be Science Extension- we will be studying the theories on the studying the theories on the Origins of Life! Origins of Life!

Be there! Be there!

From Plants to From Plants to BacteriaBacteria

Chapter 1Chapter 1Section 3: Classifying Section 3: Classifying

OrganismsOrganisms

Section 3: Classifying Section 3: Classifying OrganismsOrganismsObjectivesObjectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

Explain why scientists organize living Explain why scientists organize living things into groups.things into groups.

Explain the relationship between Explain the relationship between classification and evolution.classification and evolution.

Describe early classification systems, Describe early classification systems, including that of Linnaeusincluding that of Linnaeus

Name the seven levels of Name the seven levels of classification used by scientists.classification used by scientists.

16. 16. classificationclassification

The process of grouping things based The process of grouping things based on their similarities. on their similarities.

17. 17. taxonomytaxonomy

The scientific study of how living The scientific study of how living things are classified. things are classified.

18. 18. binomial nomenclaturebinomial nomenclature

The naming system for organisms in The naming system for organisms in which each organism is given a two-which each organism is given a two-part name—a genus name and a part name—a genus name and a species name. species name.

19. 19. genusgenus

A classification grouping that A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, consists of a number of similar, closely related species.closely related species.

What's in a Name?

                                                                                              

20. 20. speciesspecies

A group of similar organisms that can A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in mate and produce fertile offspring in nature. nature.

What's in a Name?

                                                                                              

21. 21. evolutionevolution

The process by which species The process by which species gradually change over time. gradually change over time.

22. 22. taxonomic keytaxonomic key

A series of paired statements that A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.of different organisms.

NotesNotes

1. __________________ 1. __________________

use_________________ to use_________________ to

_________________living things so _________________living things so

that they are easier to study.that they are easier to study.

Biologistsclassification

organize

2. _________________ was the first 2. _________________ was the first

scientist to classify animals. Hescientist to classify animals. He

classified based on the classified based on the

_______________________________._______________________________.

Greek scholar Aristotle

appearance, behavior, and movement

3. The 7 levels of Classification:3. The 7 levels of Classification:– A.A.

– B.B.

– C.C.

– D.D.

– E.E.

– F.F.

– G.G.

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

4. ____________________ first 4. ____________________ first

proposed the theory of evolution.proposed the theory of evolution.

Video: Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Fpy63S05Vwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Fpy63S05Vw

Charles Darwin

5. Species with 5. Species with

similar___________________ are similar___________________ are

classified more closely together.classified more closely together.

Evolutionary histories

From Plants to From Plants to BacteriaBacteria

Chapter 1Chapter 1Section 4: The Six Section 4: The Six

KingdomsKingdoms

Section 4: The Six KingdomsSection 4: The Six Kingdoms

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

Name and describe the six kingdoms Name and describe the six kingdoms into which all organisms are grouped.into which all organisms are grouped.

VocabVocab

23. 23. prokaryoteprokaryote

An organism whose cells lack a An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell nucleus and some other cell structuresstructures

24. 24. nucleusnucleus

The dense area in a eukaryotic cell The dense area in a eukaryotic cell that contains nucleic acids, the that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct the chemical instructions that direct the cell’s activities.cell’s activities.

25. 25. eukaryoteeukaryote

An organism with cells that contain An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures.nuclei and other cell structures.

NotesNotes 1. The six kingdoms of classification1. The six kingdoms of classification

– A.A.

– B.B.

– C.C.

– D.D.

– E.E.

– F.F.

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

2. Organisms are placed in a 2. Organisms are placed in a kingdom based on kingdom based on ___________________, ___________________, ____________________ and ____________________ and ________________________.________________________.

Cell typetheir ability to make foodthe number of cells in their bodies

3. Fill out the chart using the six kingdoms and 3. Fill out the chart using the six kingdoms and appropriate vocabulary terms. appropriate vocabulary terms.

KingdomKingdom NucleusNucleus??

Food?Food? Cells?Cells?

ArchaebacteriArchaebacteriaa

EubacteriaEubacteria

ProtistsProtists

Fungi Fungi

PlantsPlants

AnimalsAnimals

unicelled

Unicelled or multicelled

Unicelled or multicelled

multicelled

multicelled

heterotrough

autotrough

heterotrough

Autotrough or heterotrough

prokaryote

eukaryote

eukaryote

eukaryote

eukaryote

prokaryote

Autotrough or heterotrough

Autotrough or heterotrough

unicelled