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FRM02
Broad Scale Ecosystem Impact Modelling
(BSEIM) Scotland
Trevor Wade
Cascade Consulting
Background to BSEIM
Defra/EA joint R&D programme on flood and coastal defence:
• FD2108 (2002) Scoping Study outlining future research and development to support Broad Scale Ecosystem Impact Modelling (BSEIM)
• FD2112 (ongoing) BSEIM Toolbox 1
• Consolidated guidance for practitioners in sustainable flood management
• Systems and evidence-based approach for ecosystem assessment
• Establish and demonstrate a ‘toolbox’ containing best practice procedures in data collation and ecosystem impact prediction using currently available data/ techniques at the broad scale
• Fluvial and estuarine/coastal systems
BSEIM ScotlandOverview
BSEIM Scotland provides a framework and
methodological “tools” for assessing
ecosystem impacts from flood
management (and potentially other
policy) decisions at a catchment and
coastal/ estuarine cell scale.
BSEIM ScotlandIncludes:
• Broad-scale
• Existing datasets
• Established, emerging and novel methods
• Identification and collation of existing ecosystem objectives
• Evidence-based with expert interpretation
• Appropriate consultation on data interpretation and ecosystem objectives
• Targeted to study objectives
BSEIM ScotlandDoes not:
• Provide new data
• Interpret at reach or scheme level
• Focus on species or designations
• Identify flood risk areas
Methodology Stages
Identify study area
Consultation/review through stakeholder forum
Use EcoAC to develop/assess activities
Map & tabulate Broad-scale Ecosystem Assessment Criteria (EcoAC)
Develop understanding of broad habitat & ecosystem drivers
Identify biodiversity opportunities & constraints
Broad Habitat & Ecosystem Drivers
Freshwater systems Coastal/ estuarine systems
Channel condition• In-channel habitats and ecology• Catchment hydrology/hydrogeology• Geomorphology:
• Sediment supply, transport and deposition
• Channel modification
Baseline habitats• Sedimentary habitats• Hard substrate habitats• Inland habitats (especially freshwater/
brackish habitats)
Shoreline migration• Coastline erodability• Barriers to coastal erosion• In-shore habitats affected by erosion
Floodplain connectivity• Extent of riparian zone• Active ecological riparian habitat • Potential areas for riparian habitat
enhancement
Tidal inundation and coastal flooding • Extent of littoral and super-littoral zones• Extent of flooding influence on habitat
qualityChannel continuity• Barriers to river continuity Mobile sediment availability
• Mobile sediment type• Sediment budget• Barriers to sediment mobility
Case Study of BSEIM for Flood Management Policy Development in
the River Dee Catchment
1. River Dee Catchment
Banchory
Ballater
Tarland
Aberdeen
0
20 km
River Dee Braemar
Tarland Burn Aboyne
Ordnance Survey 1:250.000 used under license from SEGIS
Geldie Burn Water of FeughRiver Muick
River Dee
2. Channel Condition Basedata
Map Title Dataset Scottish toolbox resource
A Hydrogeology BGS hydrogeology NRFA
B Substrate erodability BGS drift geology NRFA
C Channel gradient Channel gradient index FEH or NextMap
D Landscape sediment sources
Landscape sediment index
CEH LCM2000
E Channel modification Habitat modification index
RHS
F On-line flow constraining features
In-channel structures Asset register, OS
Standing water CEH LCM2000
G Surface run-off potential Run-off potential index CEH flow grid
Landscape sediment index:
Unmanaged/ managed pasture Coniferous woodland River channelsTilled land Mixed woodland
Urban areas Commercial forestry
2D. Landscape Sediment Sources
0
20 km
CEH Land Cover Map 2000 used under license from SEGIS; CEH River Channel Network used under license from SEPA; Forestry Commission owned land provided by Forestry Commission and used with permission.
Sediment sources:Forestry
Sediment sources:Tilled land
Tarland Burn,middle catchment
Lower Tarland Burn,looking upstream in Aboyne
2E. Channel Modification
0
20 km
Habitat Modification Class: Other:Pristine River
channelsSemi-naturalPredominantly unmodifiedObviously modifiedSignificantly modified
134 Pristine33 Semi-natural8 Predominantly unmodified17 Obviously modified1 Significantly modified
River Habitat Survey data provided by SEPA
Water of Tanar/ River Dee confluence, looking upstream from Aboyne
Bar vegetated by trees, River Dee mainstem, looking upstream from Aboyne
River Dee mainsteam bank protection, looking upstream near Aboyne
3. Floodplain Continuity Basedata
Map Title Dataset Scottish toolbox resource
A Floodplain areas and existing defences
Indicative floodplain maps Mapped aerial photography, SEPA indicative flood outlines
Flood embankments (major/minor)
Scottish coastal defence and asset database
Embankments and other constraints
OS
B Active ecological floodplain
Habitats in the riparian zone Aerial photography
Wetland surveys
C Landcover in potential floodplain areas
Land cover index CEH LCM20000
3A. Floodplain Areas andExisting Defences
Flood risk Other:Indicative River
channelsflood outline
Existing flood defences
0
20 km
Middle Tarland Burn
Flood outlines provided by Aberdeenshire Council from digitised aerial photography of 11/2002 floods; Scottish costal defence and asset database used with permission of Scottish Executive
Flood riskIndicative flood outline
3A. Floodplain Areas in the middle Tarland
Ordnance Survey 1:50.000 used under license from SEGIS
Elevation:
120 130 140 150 160 170m AOD
3A. Floodplain Areas in the middle Tarland
NextMap DTM used under license from SEGIS
3A. Floodplain Areas in the middle Tarland
3A. Floodplain Areas in the middle Tarland
3C. Land Cover in the middle Tarland
Land cover index:Semi-natural Agricultural Water dependent habitatsScrub/ heath/ woodland Arable Fen/ marsh/ swamp
Grassland Grassland BogMontane habitats Standing open
water
4. Channel ContinuityBasedata
Map Topic Dataset Scottish toolbox resource
A Features potentially constraining ecological movement
Dams, weirs, locks, gates OS
Standing water CEH LCM2000
5. Designations and Targets
Map Topic Dataset
A European nature conservation designations
• Special Area of Conservation (SAC)• Special Protection Area (SPA)• RAMSAR convention site
National nature conservation designations
• Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)• National Nature Reserve (NNR)
Catchment Targets• NE Scotland Local BAP Action Plan• River Dee Catchment Management Plan• Natural Heritage Futures
• Fisheries targets• Hydromorphology improvement targets
Constraints & Opportunities
Protection• Maintain geomorphologically active features • Maintain lack of flow regulation in catchment • Maintain suitable coarse sediment delivery• Maintain velocities for coarse sediment transport on
mainstem• Maintain floodplain connectivity where ecologically sound• Prevent construction of barriers to migrationEnhancement• Take opportunities to reduce fine sediment imbalance• Take opportunities to attenuate run-off • Increase floodplain connectivity and enhance biodiversity
benefit
Map & tabulate Ecosystem Assessment Criteria
7. Protect floodplain connectivity
2. Attenuate surface water run-off
10. Re-connect floodplain
5. Protect floodplain connectivity
9. Re-connect floodplain
12. Barrier to migration (weir)
13. Barrier to migration (lock)
14. Barrier to migration (tidal barrage)
8. Enhance floodplain connectivity for sediment transfer
4. Enhance channel to maintain sediment supply and passage
3. Reduce channel capacity
1. Maintain unmodified channels of good diversity in upland sub-catchments
6. Protect floodplain connectivity
11. Re-connect floodplain
Legend:
Derwent catchment boundary
River channel
Urban area
Broad-scale Ecosystem Criteria (listed by number)
Protection
Enhancement
CEH River Channel Network used under license from Environment Agency
Potential Applications
• Appraisal of the wider catchment/ coastal cell
implications associated with individual flood
management schemes
• Assessment of the ecosystem implications of
sustainable flood management policy at the
catchment/ coastal cell scale
• Provides an evidence base for the development of
programmes of measures for activities (including
flood management) included in the Water Framework
Directive, and a framework for their relative
assessment
Summary of Project Output
• Project report:
• Methodology development
• River Dee catchment case study
• Methodological guidance
• Presentation pack
The final outputs will be published on SNIFFER’s website at
www.sniffer.org.uk during November 2005